Playboy

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Playboy is an American men's magazine, founded in Chicago, Illinois by Hugh Hefner and his associates, which has grown into Playboy Enterprises, Inc., reaching into every form of media. Playboy is one of the world's best known brands. In addition to the flagship magazine in the United States, special nation-specific versions of Playboy are published worldwide.

The magazine is published monthly and features photographs of nude women, along with various articles on fashion, sports, consumer goods, and public figures. It also has short fiction by top literary writers, such as Arthur C. Clarke, Ian Fleming, Vladimir Nabokov, and Margaret Atwood. The magazine has been known to express liberal opinions on most major political issues. Playboy's use of "tasteful" nude photos is classified as "softcore" in contrast to the more "hardcore" pornographic magazines that started to appear in the 1970s in response to the success of Playboy's more explicit rival, Penthouse.

History

Playboy's original title was to be Stag Party, but an unrelated outdoor magazine, Stag, contacted Hefner and informed him that they would legally protect their trademark if he were to launch his magazine with that name. Hefner and co-founder and executive vice president Eldon Sellers met to discuss the problem and to seek a new name. Sellers' mother suggested the name "The gentlemen's club", but it was Alexx Mills, who had worked for the short-lived Playboy Automobile Company, in Chicago, who suggested the name "Playboy".

The first issue, published in December 1953, was undated, as Hefner was unsure whether or not there would be a second issue. He produced it in his Hyde Park kitchen. The first centerfold was Marilyn Monroe, although the picture used originally was taken for a calendar, rather than for Playboy. The first issue was an immediate sensation; it sold out in weeks. Known circulation was 53,991<ref>Playboy Collector's Association Playboy Magazine Price Guide</ref>. The cover price was 50¢. Copies of the first issue in mint to near mint condition sold for over $5,000 in 2002.

The famous logo, depicting the stylized profile of a rabbit wearing a tuxedo bow tie, was designed by art designer Art Paul for the magazine's second issue and has appeared on every issue since. A running joke in the magazine involves hiding the logo somewhere in the cover art or photograph. Hefner said that he chose the rabbit as a mascot for its "humorous sexual connotation," and because the image was "frisky and playful."

An urban legend started about Hefner and the Playmate of the Month because of markings on the front covers of the magazine. From 1955 to 1979 (except for a six month gap in 1976), the "P" in Playboy had a number of stars printed in or around the letter. The legend stated that this was either a rating that Hefner gave to the Playmate according to how attractive she was, the number of times that Hefner had slept with her, or how good she was in bed. The stars, which ranged in number between zero and twelve, actually indicated the domestic or international advertising region for that particular printing.

Since reaching its peak in the 1970s, Playboy has seen a decline in circulation and cultural relevance because of increased competition in the field it founded — first from Penthouse, Oui, and Gallery in the 1970s; later from pornographic videos; and more recently from lad mags such as Maxim, FHM, and Stuff. In response, Playboy has attempted to re-assert its hold on the 18–35 male demographic it once controlled through slight changes to its content and focusing on issues and personalities more appropriate to its audience — such as hip-hop artists being featured in the "Playboy Interview".

The magazine celebrated its fiftieth anniversary with the January 2004 issue. Celebrations were held at Las Vegas, Los Angeles, New York, and Moscow during the year to commemorate this event.

Playboy has increased the amount ads and text in its issues. There are far fewer pictures of nude women and even less with exposed genitals, breasts, and buttocks.^{[citation needed]}

Circulation

www.newyorker.com/critics/content/articles/060320crbo_books</ref> On the cover was model Pam Rawlings, photographed by Rowland Scherman.//www.newyorker.com/critics/content/articles/060320crbo_books</ref> On the cover was model Pam Rawlings, photographed by Rowland Scherman.

www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~chuck/lennapg/lenna.shtml</ref>//www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~chuck/lennapg/lenna.shtml</ref>

Today, Playboy is still the largest selling men's magazine, selling about three million copies a month in the U.S.<ref name="nextdoor"> </ref>

Bans on the sale of Playboy

In many parts of Asia, including India, mainland China, Myanmar, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, and Brunei, the sale and distribution of Playboy is banned. In addition, its sale and distribution is banned in almost all Muslim countries in Asia and Africa, such as Iran, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan. However, it is sold in Hong Kong. In Japan, where the genitals of models cannot be shown, a separate edition of Playboy is published under license by Shueisha.

www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200704/s1891257.htm]</ref>//www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200704/s1891257.htm]</ref>

In 1986, the American convenience store chain 7-Eleven removed the magazine from its stores. The store returned Playboy to its shelves in late 2003. 7-Eleven stores had also been selling Penthouse and other, more extreme, magazines before the ban.

In bookstores throughout the world, it is common for Playboy, as well as other adult publications, to be put on a higher shelf than other magazines, thus keeping them out of the reach of most children. They are also often wrapped in opaque plastic bags so as to not reveal the cover.

Playboy was not sold in the state of Queensland, Australia during 2004 and 2005 but has returned as of 2006. Furthermore, due to declining sales, the last edition of the Australian edition of Playboy published was the January 2000 issue.

Litigation

On the January 14, 2004, the Ninth Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals ruled that Playboy Enterprises Inc.'s (PEI) trademark terms "Playboy" and "Playmate" should be protected even in Internet searches that prompt pop-up advertisements. The suit originally started on April 15, 1999, when Playboy sued Excite Inc. and Netscape for trademark infringement. Attorneys Barry Felder, Catherine McGrath and Matthew Moren represented Playboy.

Photographers

Many notable photographers have contributed work to Playboy, including Richard Fegley, William Figge, Arny Freytag, Ron Harris, David Mecey, Russ Meyer, Pompeo Posar, Suze Randall, Herb Ritts, Stephen Wayda, Sam Wu,R Scott Hooper, Mario Casilli, and Bunny Yeager.

Modeling pay

During the 1960s and 1970s all PMOY's received pink automobiles, the hue of pink used was known as "Playmate Pink", the same shade as awarded to Mary Kay's independent sales force, a frequent source of confusion.

Photo editing

There is some controversy over airbrushing (or, in recent times, image editing) that is done on the photos featured in the magazine. Some readers say that this kind of photo-editing takes away from authenticity and makes photographs look unnatural.

One example was the case of Pamela Anderson and the "disappearing labia". In Pamela's original Playboy appearance in the issue of February 1990, there was a rear-view photo with her legs slightly apart and her labia minora plainly visible. In reprints in later "Newsstand Specials" as well as a poster-sized print, Pamela had been "defeminized," this area having been painted over in the color of the object in front of which she was standing.

Similarly, in Rena Mero's ("Sable") first Playboy shoot, one photo of Mero lying on her back was edited to add extra pubic hair over her genitalia. However, in the "50th Anniversary" issue, this picture was printed in its original, unedited state.

Rival adult magazine Hustler and owner Larry Flynt has often been critical of Playboy and their airbrushing. This has often led Hustler to promote the fact that their nude pictorials are never airbrushed and are completely natural. This is a separate issue from whether the models are completely natural: that is, free of silicone breast implants.

Firsts

• First issue with two-page centerfold: February 1954 (Margaret Scott)
• First issue with Leroy Neiman's Femlin: August 1955
• First issue with a Playmate showing pubic hair: February 1956 (Marguerite Empey)
• First issue with a three-page centerfold: March 1956 (Marian Stafford)
• First issue with a Vargas girl: March 1957
• First issue with two Playmates for Playmate of the Month: October 1958 (Pat Sheehan and Mara Corday)
• First issue with Ian Fleming story: March 1960
• First issue with Playboy Advisor column: September 1960
• First issue with Playboy Interview: September 1962 (with Miles Davis)
• First issue with an African-American centerfold: March 1965 (Jennifer Jackson)

www.playboy.com/worldofplayboy/faq/trivia.html#5</ref>//www.playboy.com/worldofplayboy/faq/trivia.html#5</ref>

• First issue with a man on the cover: April 1964 (Peter Sellers)

www.playboy.com/playmates/playmate-faq/milestones.html#8</ref>//www.playboy.com/playmates/playmate-faq/milestones.html#8</ref>

• First issue with centerfold showing pubic hair: December 1969 (Gloria Root)
• First issue with identical twins in centerfold: October 1970 - (Mary and Madeleine Collinson)
• First full frontal nude centerfold: January 1971 (Liv Lindeland).
• First issue with a double sided centerfold (the reverse side was a rear view). January 1974 (Nancy Cameron)
• First issue with signed centerfold: October 1975 (Jill De Vries)
• First issue with Playmate data sheet: July 1977 (Sondra Theodore)
• First issue without staple in the centerfold: October 1985
• First national magazine with Web site: August 1994^{[citation needed]}
• First issue with identical triplets in the centerfold, The Dahm Triplets: December 1998
• First issue with www.playboy.com explicit on cover: February 1999
• First issue with a Playmate without any pubic hair: September 2001 (Dalene Kurtis)^{[citation needed]}

money.cnn.com/2004/08/25/commentary/game_over/column_gaming/index.htm</ref>//money.cnn.com/2004/08/25/commentary/game_over/column_gaming/index.htm</ref>

Celebrities

For a full listing, please see List of people in Playboy 1953-1959, 1960-1969, 1970-1979, 1980-1989, 1990-1999, 2000-present.

Many celebrities (singers, actresses, models, etc.) have posed for Playboy over the years. This list is only a small portion of those who have posed. Some of them are:

International editions

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(starting at the accompanying date, or during the accompanying date range)

• Argentina (1985 – 1995, 2006 – )
• Australia (1979 – 2000) — see specific article
• Brazil (1975 – ) — see specific article
• Bulgaria (2002 – )
• Croatia (1997 – )
• Czech Republic (1991 – )

www.postimees.ee/070607/esileht/meedia/264993.php "Playboy Magazine Enters Estonia"], Alo Raun, Postimees, 2007-06-07. Retrieved June 30, 2007.</ref>//www.postimees.ee/070607/esileht/meedia/264993.php "Playboy Magazine Enters Estonia"], Alo Raun, Postimees, 2007-06-07. Retrieved June 30, 2007.</ref>

• France (1973 – )

www.geotimes.ge/index.php?m=home&newsid=4535 "Playboy Magazine Enters Georgia, Plans to Conquer Market"], Nino Edilashvili, The Georgian Times, 2007-05-21. Retrieved June 23, 2007.</ref>//www.geotimes.ge/index.php?m=home&newsid=4535 "Playboy Magazine Enters Georgia, Plans to Conquer Market"], Nino Edilashvili, The Georgian Times, 2007-05-21. Retrieved June 23, 2007.</ref> www.guardian.co.uk/indonesia/Story/0,,1697987,00.html "Jakarta struggles with the politics of pornography as Playboy comes to town"], John Aglionby, January 30, 2006, The Guardian. Retrieved June 23, 2007.</ref>//www.guardian.co.uk/indonesia/Story/0,,1697987,00.html "Jakarta struggles with the politics of pornography as Playboy comes to town"], John Aglionby, January 30, 2006, The Guardian. Retrieved June 23, 2007.</ref>

• Greece (1985 – )
• Hong Kong (1986 – 1993)
• Hungary (1989 – 1993, 1999 – )
• Indonesia (2006 – 2006)<ref name=Guardian/>
• Ireland (1994 - )
• Italy (1972 – 2003)
• Japan (1975 – )
• Mexico (1976 – 1998, 2002 – )
• The Netherlands (1983 – )
• Norway (1998 – 1999)

www.iht.com/articles/1993/11/03/playboy.php " Playboy Takes On World With Big Video Expansion"], By Richard Covington, International Herald Tribune, November 3, 1993. Retrieved June 23, 2007.</ref>//www.iht.com/articles/1993/11/03/playboy.php " Playboy Takes On World With Big Video Expansion"], By Richard Covington, International Herald Tribune, November 3, 1993. Retrieved June 23, 2007.</ref>

• Romania (1999 – )
• Russia (1995 – )
• Serbia (2004 – )<ref name=Guardian/>
• Slovakia (1997 – 2002, 2005 – )
• Slovenia (2001 – )
• South Africa (1993 – 1996)<ref name=IHT/>
• Spain (1978 – )
• Sweden (1998 – 1999)
• Taiwan (1990 – 2003)
• Turkey (1986 – 1995)
• Ukraine (2005 – )
• United States (1953 - )
• Venezuela (2006-)

Other editions

www.playboy.com/specialeditions/] (formerly called News Stand Specials), such as Playboy's College Girls<ref>http://www.playboy.com/on-campus/features/topten/index.html</ref> and Playboy's Book of Lingerie, as well as the Playboy video collection.//www.playboy.com/specialeditions/] (formerly called News Stand Specials), such as Playboy's College Girls<ref>http://www.playboy.com/on-campus/features/topten/index.html</ref> and Playboy's Book of Lingerie, as well as the Playboy video collection.

web.archive.org/web/19961220001705/http://www1.playboy.com/</ref> As part of the online presence, Playboy developed a pay web site called the Playboy Cyber Club in 1995 which features online chats, additional pictorials & videos of Playmates and Playboy Cyber Girls that are not featured in the magazine, as well as archives of past Playboy articles and interviews. Playboy Cyber Club has opened up a new door for girls interested in posing. It is much easier to access, because it is online. It attracts just about as many as the magazine, and brought a whole new line of girls. Some Playmates start in Cyber Club and work their way to the magazine. In September 2005, Playboy launched the online edition of the magazine Playboy Digital.//web.archive.org/web/19961220001705/http://www1.playboy.com/</ref> As part of the online presence, Playboy developed a pay web site called the Playboy Cyber Club in 1995 which features online chats, additional pictorials & videos of Playmates and Playboy Cyber Girls that are not featured in the magazine, as well as archives of past Playboy articles and interviews. Playboy Cyber Club has opened up a new door for girls interested in posing. It is much easier to access, because it is online. It attracts just about as many as the magazine, and brought a whole new line of girls. Some Playmates start in Cyber Club and work their way to the magazine. In September 2005, Playboy launched the online edition of the magazine Playboy Digital.

www.loc.gov/nls/reference/circulars/magazines.html</ref> The Braille version includes all the written words in the non-Braille magazine, but no pictorial representations. Congress cut off funding for the Braille magazine translation in 1985, but U.S. District Court Judge Thomas Hogan reversed the decision on First Amendment grounds.<ref>http://www.acb.org/magazine/2000/bf062000.html#bf16</ref>//www.loc.gov/nls/reference/circulars/magazines.html</ref> The Braille version includes all the written words in the non-Braille magazine, but no pictorial representations. Congress cut off funding for the Braille magazine translation in 1985, but U.S. District Court Judge Thomas Hogan reversed the decision on First Amendment grounds.<ref>http://www.acb.org/magazine/2000/bf062000.html#bf16</ref>

See also

• Hugh Hefner
• List of men's magazines
• Chronological List of Playboy Playmates
• List of people in Playboy 1953-1959
• List of people in Playboy 1960-1969
• List of people in Playboy 1970-1979
• List of people in Playboy 1980-1989
• List of people in Playboy 1990-1999
• List of people in Playboy 1990-1999 by birthplace
• List of people in Playboy 2000-present
• List of people in Playboy by Birthplace
• The Playboy Mansion
• Playboy Club
• Playboy on Campus
• Playboy Studio West
• Playmate
• Playboy Dolls
• Playboy Videos
• Playboy Enterprises
• Playboy's Book of Forbidden Words
• Playboy: The Mansion
• Pubic Wars

Books

General compilations

• Nick Stone, editor. The Bedside Playboy. Chicago: Playboy Press, 1963.

Anniversary collections

• Jacob Dodd, editor. The Playboy Book: Forty Years. Santa Monica, California: General Publishing Group, 1994, ISBN 1-881649-03-2
• Playboy: 50 Years, The Photographs. San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2003, ISBN 0-8118-3978-8
• Nick Stone, editor; Michelle Urry, cartoon editor. Playboy: 50 Years, The Cartoons. San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2004. ISBN 0-8118-3976-1
• Gretchen Edgren, editor. The Playboy Book: Fifty Years. Taschen, 1995. ISBN 3-8228-3976-0

Interview compilations

• G. Barry Golson, editor. The Playboy Interview. New York: Playboy Press, 1981. ISBN 0-87223-668-4 (hardcover), ISBN 0-87223-644-7 (softcover)
• G. Barry Golson, editor. The Playboy Interview Volume II. New York: Wideview/Perigee, 1983. ISBN 0-399-50768-X (hardcover), ISBN 0-399-50769-8 (softcover)
• David Sheff, interviewer; G. Barry Golson, editor. The Playboy Interviews with John Lennon and Yoko Ono. New York: Playboy Press, 1981, ISBN 0-87223-705-2; 2000 edition, ISBN 0-312-25464-4
• Stephen Randall, editor. "The Playboy Interview Book: They Played the Game". New York: M Press, 2006, ISBN 1-59582-046-9

References

External links

Official

www.playboy.com Playboy.com]//www.playboy.com Playboy.com] www.playboy.com Playboy.com]//www.officialplayboychat.com Official Playboy Mobile Chat] www.playboy.com Playboy.com]//www.playboy.co.uk Official UK Playboy website] www.playboy.com Playboy.com]//www.playboyenterprises.com/ Playboy Enterprises Inc.] (Corporate website) www.playboy.com Playboy.com]//cyber.playboy.com Playboy Cyber Club] www.playboy.com Playboy.com]//www.playboystore.com Playboy Store] www.playboy.com Playboy.com]//www.bunnymoney.co.uk Bunny Money - the official UK affiliate programme]

Regional

www.playboy.com Playboy.com]//www.playboyrevista.com/ Playboy Argentina] www.playboy.com Playboy.com]//www.playboy.com.br Playboy Brazil] www.playboy.com Playboy.com]//www.playboy.fr Playboy France] www.playboy.com Playboy.com]//www.playboy.de Playboy Germany] www.playboy.com Playboy.com]//www.playboy.gr Playboy Greece] www.playboy.com Playboy.com]//m-playboy.shueisha.co.jp/ Playboy Japan] www.playboy.com Playboy.com]//www.playboy.com.mx Playboy Mexico] www.playboy.com Playboy.com]//www.playboy.nl Playboy Netherlands] www.playboy.com Playboy.com]//www.playboyromania.ro Playboy Romania] www.playboy.com Playboy.com]//www.playboy.com.ru/ Playboy Russia] www.playboy.com Playboy.com]//www.playboy.si Playboy Slovenia] www.playboy.com Playboy.com]//www.playboy.co.uk Playboy UK]

Others

www.playboy.com Playboy.com]//www.orato.com/current-events/2007/03/19/kicked-out-air-force-posing-nude-playboy I Was Kicked Out Of The Air Force For Posing Nude In Playboy] www.playboy.com Playboy.com]//www.theoriginof.com/playboy.html The origin of Playboy magazine] www.playboy.com Playboy.com]//www.pbcovers.com Playboy Covers of the World] — Thousands of Playboy covers from all past and present editions worldwide. www.aeolia.net/playboy/playboy.htm Index: The Women of Playboy – 1967 – 2007]", 2007.//www.aeolia.net/playboy/playboy.htm Index: The Women of Playboy – 1967 – 2007]", 2007. www.playboy.com Playboy.com]//mozart.lib.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/nand/search/pmstat?browse=%3A%3ACONFIG%3A%3Amodelbrowse Playmate database at the University of Chicago] www.playboy.com Playboy.com]//my.en.com/~wizofid/playboy/interview.html Index: Interviews conducted 1961 – 1996] www.playboy.com Playboy.com]//daggy.name/cop/bkofdead/pboyintv.htm A full listing of the Playboy Interview subjects and their interviewers] www.playboy.com Playboy.com]//www.playboylive.com Playboylive.com] www.playboy.com Playboy.com]//www.lrizzardini.741.com/index1005.pdf Playboy Magazine and the Oak Lawn, Illinois Public Library], survey by Laura Rizzardini, M.A., Oct. 2, 2005 www.playboy.com Playboy.com]//www.ala.org/ala/alonline/currentnews/newsarchive/2005abc/october2005ab/oaklawn.htm Town Leaders Reopen Playboy Decision], by the ALA, American Libraries, Oct. 28, 2005

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