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Comment ESB peut-il aider le gouvernement irlandais à atteindre son objectif pour 2020 ?

http://www.dcenr.gov.ie/NR/rdonlyres/9472D68A-40F4-41B8-B8FD-F5F788D4207A/0/RenewableEnergyStrategy2012_2020.pdf


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According to Europe 2020, a 10-year strategy proposed by the European Commission on 3 March 2010, Ireland (count) on) ESB to reach some of his objectives in 2020 which are:

  • Reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 20% compared to 2005 levels
  • increase the share of renewables in final energy consumption to 16%
  • -20% primary energy consumption (base year 2005)
  • approximatevly 2,5% of GDP invest in R&D

(graph source: http://ec.europa.eu/europe2020/europe-2020-in-your-country/ireland )


It set targets to reduce carbon emissions by: 

   30% by 2012
   50% by 2020
   and to be net-carbon-neutral by 2035


To reach his objectives:

  • About half the total €22 billion investment package will be devoted to renewables through


National Reform Programme for Ireland 2012 Update under the Europe 2020 Strategy ( http://ec.europa.eu/europe2020/pdf/nd/nrp2012_ireland_en.pdf )


Progress on power station emissions plan


Renewable Energy

Ireland has a target under the Renewable Energy Directive (2009/28/EC) to increase renewable sourced energy to 16% of all energy consumed by 2020. The National Renewable Energy Action Plan sets out the planned trajectory for achieving the target across the electricity, heat and transport sub-sectors with 40% needed in electricity, 10% in transport and 12% in heating and cooling to meet Ireland’s overall 16% commitment.

In 2005, 2.8% of Ireland’s energy came from renewable sources. This had increased to 5.5% by 2010. On average in the period 2005–2010, the Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland (SEAI) figures show that overall renewable energy usage has increased by 13% per annum. Ireland submitted this to the Commission in the first report on the National Renewable Energy Action Plan in January 2012, which shows that Ireland is meeting the required trajectory to deliver the 2020 target.

Renewable electricity is now the largest contributor to renewable energy consumption and is expected to contribute most to our 2020 target. The largest contribution in the electricity sector is expected to be made through generation from wind technologies, followed by biomass technologies. Renewable electricity has increased from 5% in 2005 to 14.8% of electricity in 2010, the latest year for which full figures are available. In the transport sector, the biofuels obligation under the Energy (Biofuel Obligation and Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 2010 requires transport fuel suppliers to provide a specified amount of their sales in the form of biofuels. The obligation currently stands at 4% by volume which is equivalent to 3% in energy terms. The biofuel obligation will incrementally increase on a sustainable basis to 2020, to meet the RES-T target of 10% in 2020. Alongside the growth in renewable electricity, the gradual introduction of electric vehicles into the road transport fleet will also contribute towards the renewable transport target.

The use of renewable energy in the heating and cooling sector has increased from 3.5% in 2005 to 4.5% in 2010; our target is 12% renewable heat by 2020. The growth is mostly due to increased use of wood waste as an energy source in the wood products and food sub-sectors of industry and also been recent growth in renewable energy use in the residential and services sectors with the introduction of grant support schemes. _________




Europe 2020 is a 10-year strategy proposed by the European Commission on 3 March 2010 for advancement of the economy of the European Union. It aims at "smart, sustainable, inclusive growth" with greater coordination of national and European policy.<ref>"Europe 2020: Commission proposes new economic strategy", European Commission. Retrieved 5 March 2010.</ref> It follows the Lisbon Strategy for the period 2000–2010.<ref>EurActiv, Sweden admits Lisbon Agenda 'failure', 2009</ref><ref>The Economist – Charlemagne, "Do Europeans want a dynamic economy?</ref><ref name="w1">Charles Wyplosz, "The failure of the Lisbon strategy", 2010, VoxEU</ref>

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Main targets

The strategy identifies five headline targets the European Union should take to boost growth and employment. These are:

  • To raise the employment rate of the population aged 20–64 from the current 69% to at least 75%.
  • To achieve the target of investing 3% of GDP in R&D in particular by improving the conditions for R&D investment by the private sector, and develop a new indicator to track innovation.
  • To reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 20% compared to 1990 levels or by 30% if the conditions are right, increase the share of renewable energy in final energy consumption to 20%, and achieve a 20% increase in energy efficiency.
  • To reduce the share of early school leavers to 10% from the current 15% and increase the share of the population aged 30–34 having completed tertiary from 31% to at least 40%.
  • To reduce the number of Europeans living below national poverty lines by 25%, lifting 20 million people out of poverty.<ref name="annex1">"Annex 1 – Europe 2020: an Overview", European Commission. Retrieved 5 March 2010.</ref>
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Flagship initiatives

These in turn are broken down into the following seven flagship initiatives:

  • Innovation Union: to improve framework conditions and access to finance for research and innovation so as to strengthen the innovation chain and boost levels of investment throughout the Union.
  • Youth on the move: to enhance the performance of education systems and to reinforce the international attractiveness of Europe's higher education.
  • Resource efficient Europe: to help decouple economic growth from the use of resources, by decarbonising the economy, increasing the use of renewable sources, modernising the transport sector and promoting energy efficiency.
  • An industrial policy for the globalisation era: to improve the business environment, especially for SMEs, and to support the development of a strong and sustainable industrial base able to compete globally.
  • An agenda for new skills and jobs: to modernise labour markets by facilitating labour mobility and the development of skills throughout the lifecycle with a view to increasing labour participation and better matching labour supply and demand.
  • European platform against poverty: to ensure social and territorial cohesion such that the benefits of growth and jobs are widely shared and people experiencing poverty and social exclusion are enabled to live in dignity and take an active part in society.<ref name="annex1"/>
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Initial reactions

Reactions to the initiative were mostly positive but there was some skepticism about the Commission's ability to convince the 27 EU member states that these were the right priorities, some members of the business community did not seem to find any strong incentives and Germany did not welcome further proposals on governance.<ref>Andrew Willis, "Lukewarm Reaction to Europe 2020 Plan", Business Week, 5 March 2010. Retrieved 5 March 2010.</ref>

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European Council agreement

On 26 March 2010, the European Council agreed on the key elements of the new strategy. President Herman Van Rompuy who chaired the meeting pointed out that the strategy sums up the European model of social market economy with a strong environmental dimension.<ref>"Strategy for Employment and growth", European Council. Retrieved 27 March 2010.</ref>

The strategy elements were formally adopted on 17 June 2010.<ref>"Council Conclusions", European Council. Retrieved 17 June 2010.</ref>

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The European Semester

Monitoring progress and ensuring the active involvement of EU countries are key elements of the strategy. This is done through the European Semester, an annual cycle of macro-economic, budgetary and structural policy coordination. The key stages in the European semester are as follows:<ref>"The European Semester: Who does what and when?", Retrieved 21 August 2012.</ref>

In January, the Commission issues its Annual Growth Survey, which sets out EU priorities for the coming year to boost growth and job creation.

In February, the Council of the European Union and the European Parliament discusse the Annual Growth Survey.

In March, EU Heads of State and Government (i.e. the European Council) issue EU guidance for national policies on the basis of the Annual Growth Survey.

In April, Member States submit their plans for sound public finances (Stability or Convergence Programmes) and reforms and measures to make progress towards smart, sustainable and inclusive growth (National Reform Programmes).

In May, the Commission assesses these Programmes.

In June, the Commission provides country-specific recommendations as appropriate. The European Council discusses and endorses the recommendations.

In July, the Council of the European Union formally adopts the country-specific recommendations.

In Autumn, the Governments present the budget draft to their Parliaments.

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References

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External links




  1. http://www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/MDE_Cotentin_metiers_lies_a_la_mer_SOFRED_nov_2011.pdf
  2. http://www.engineersireland.ie/EngineersIreland/media/SiteMedia/communications/publications/TheStateofIrelandReport2012.pdf?ext=.pdf
  3. http://www.cfram.ie/pdfs-downloads/TechDocs/PFRA%20-%20ESB%20Dams%20&%20Embankments%20%28draft%29.pdf
  4. http://www.esb.ie/main/about-esb/ESB_Presentation_June_7th_PP_2012.pdf
  5. http://www2.ul.ie/pdf/951696689.pdf
  6. http://www.esb.ie/esbnetworks/en/download_documents/reports_codes.jsp
  7. http://www.eirgrid.com/media/Transmission%20Development%20Plan%202008-2012%20Report.pdf


The introduction of any new technology such as electric cars requires extensive research and pilot projects. ESB ecars is involved in a number of trials and projects to analyse the charging infrastructure and collect data on ongoing consumer behaviour and trends.

ESB ecars trial

A two year electric car field trial is being conducted by ESB in conjunction with Trinity College Dublin. 15 Mitsubishi i-MiEVs and 2 Nissan LEAFs are being trialled by residential and high profile corporate participants such as Conor Faughnan, AA Ireland, and Alan Gallagher, Croke Park Stadium, throughout Ireland. Each electric car is fitted with a data logger and GPS tracking system. These data loggers give information on the energy consumption of the car. The GPS tracking system recognises the type of road they are on such as motorway or city centre roads.

All participants take part in customer feedback in the form of questionnaires. The results from the questionnaires give different opinions on expectations of before the trial and then results form after the trial. These results help to understand how people use the charging infrastructure and how an electric car becomes part of their everyday lives. At the end of each four month trial period the participants are also invited to a focus group where they discuss their experiences of using an electric vehicle.

Green eMotion

Green eMotion is an EU Research Project with a total budget of €42 million of which the European Commission is funding €24 million. ESB is a core member of the 43 member ‘Green eMotion’ consortium. The Irish sub-consortium consists of ESB ecars, Codema (The City of Dublin Energy Management Agency), Cork City Council, and Trinity College Dublin. Green eMotion is a Europe wide project that examines the recharging and IT/Communications infrastructure with the aim of making electric car ownership a preferred alternative to a conventional car. There is strong participation from car manufacturers such as Renault, Nissan, Citroen, Peugeot, BMW which indicates the sizeable involvement of major car manufactures.

One of the key objectives of the Green eMotion project is to develop European processes, standards and IT solutions that allow electric vehicle motorists easy and seamless access to charging infrastructure and related services throughout the European Union. Standardization is also a key factor for a fast and cost-efficient European roll-out of electric car infrastructure.

ESB ecars have a number of important responsibilities such as: 

   Co-ordinating all field trials for electric fleets in all demonstration regions
   Study of installation practices and electrical connection of charging infrastructure
   Field testing of newer charging systems such as induction and more advanced fast charging Co-ordination and communication of all promotional events across Europe

The first Green eMotion conference, Fully Charge 2012, organised by ESB ecars is being held in Dublin on July 11th 2012. It is a satellite event of Europe’s largest science conference – ESOF 2012. To register, or for more information, please visit the Fully Charged.

Visit Green eMotion for more information


ENEVATE

Europe Network of Electric Vehicles and Transferring Expertise (ENEVATE) is an EU project that aims to facilitate and support the accelerated introduction of electric mobility in North West Europe (NWE) which includes Ireland (all), UK (all), France (part of), Belgium (all), Luxembourg (all), Netherlands (part of), Germany (part of) & Switzerland (Non-EU partner) through structured transnational co-operation between public authorities and business representatives.

The objectives of ENEVATE are: 

   To strengthen North West Europe's competitive edge with a boost to the innovation potential of this sector by combining/developing regional competences, technologies, knowledge, skills and supply chains,
   To help generate new investment and jobs within the region through technological development of low carbon transport,
   To develop sustainable energy supply infrastructure to create an operational environment and innovation framework for electric vehicles.

ESB is contributing to the project by: 

   Working with the Dublin Institute of Technology Department of Transport Engineering on a pilot project to introduce electric vehicles into "last mile" freight deliveries in Dublin City.
   Sharing its experience in rolling out a nationwide and cross-border electric vehicle charge point infrastructure which will guide future electric car infrastructure programs in Ireland and across Europe,
   Running an ecar trial in which customer behaviour trends are being documented and electric vehicle technical performance is being tested


ESB Networks and The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) have formed an R&D alliance to design and demonstrate key innovations in Ireland’s Smart Grid strategy to meet Ireland’s future electricity needs. EPRI is an independent, US-based non-profit company performing R&D and demonstrations in the electricity sector for the public benefit.

One part of the project is assessing the impact of electric vehicles on the electricity network. The aim of the project is to assess the impact of electric vehicle charging on the electricity network. ESB ecars is conducting public trials, providing customers with electric vehicles, smart meters and other sensors to closely monitor the impact of charging on the network. Through this study, ESB ecars is aiming to improve network planning so that no electricity customers are impacted by electric vehicles in their area.

EPRI is a globally influential US electricity research centre whose work has a direct bearing on US energy policy. By working with EPRI, we can learn from experiences across the US while developing our own expertise. Through this project we are ensuring that ambitious government targets for EV penetration are enabled in the most technically, safely and economically sound manner.

The co-operation of members of the public has been key to the success of this project – without their enthusiasm and engagement, this work would not have been possible.

For more information visit EPRI.



Future INternet Smart ENergY (FINSENY) is part of the Future Internet Public Private Partnership and co-funded by the European Commission. A key aspect of the project is to gather and assess information from a 'smart energy' perspective to develop more efficient next generation internet software.

One of the aims of the project is to identify the requirements of a smart grid ICT system to provide better management of all the charging infrastructure as a whole network. This ICT system consists of the software and protocols involved in a smart grid, which aims to provide electric car users with greater options and flexibility while using their electric vehicle. These options may include: 

   international roaming for electric car owners
   identification and payment systems for electric vehicle charging
   entertainment and information systems within the vehicle

The project will contribute to the development of industry standards which will help ensure a widespread adoption of smart energy solutions in Europe and beyond.

ESB's role in the FINSENY project includes the ability to analyse the impact of electric mobility on the energy grid, focusing on the impact that electric mobility will have on the ICT infrastructure needed to support the Smart Grid. Solutions can be then developed to address shortfalls in ICT requirements in order to improve electric mobility in Europe. Visit FINSENY for more information.


MERGE


ESB ecars is participating in the EU Project MERGE (Mobile Energy Resources in Grids of Electricity). The project will examine the impact of electric cars on electricity grid infrastructure and on existing power generation and grid infrastructure planning. Visit MERGE for more information.

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