Star Trek
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Modèle:Startrek2 Star Trek is an American science fiction entertainment series and media franchise. The Star Trek fictional universe created by Gene Roddenberry is the setting of six television series including the original 1966 Star Trek, in addition to ten feature films (with an eleventh in production), dozens of computer and video games, hundreds of novels and other fan stories, as well as a themed attraction in Las Vegas. The TV series alone is said to be one of the biggest cult phenomena of modern times.<ref>E.g. Hillel Italie (AP National Writer), Potter Reaches Cult Phenomenon Status, ABC News, 30 June 2007, in which Star Trek's status as a cult phenomenon is repeatedly taken as read.</ref>
In the Star Trek universe, humanity developed faster-than-light space travel following a post-apocalyptic period in the mid-21st century. Later, humans united with other sentient species of the galaxy to form the United Federation of Planets. As a result of alien intervention and science, humanity largely overcame many Earth-bound frailties and vices by the twenty-third century. Star Trek stories usually depict the adventures of human and alien beings who serve in the Federation's Starfleet.
The protagonists are essentially altruists whose ideals are sometimes only imperfectly applied to the dilemmas presented in the series. The conflicts and political dimensions of Star Trek form allegories for contemporary cultural realities; the original Star Trek television series addressed issues of the 1960s,<ref>Star Trek: A Phenomenon and Social Statement on the 1960s URL accessed April 7, 2007</ref> just as later spin-offs have reflected issues of their respective eras. Issues depicted in the various series include war and peace, authoritarianism, imperialism, class warfare, racism, human rights, sexism and feminism, and the role of technology.
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Television series
- For a complete list of episodes, see List of Star Trek episodes
Star Trek originated as a television series in 1966, although it had been in the planning stages for at least six years prior to that.<ref>Modèle:Cite book</ref> Although The Original Series was cancelled after its third season due to low ratings, it has served as the foundation for five additional Star Trek television series.<ref name="Low Ratings"> Robert Wilonsky
. " The trouble with "Trek" " , salon.com , Oct 1999 . Retrieved on 2007-02-07 . </ref> Altogether, the six series comprise a total of 726 episodes and ten theatrical films (with an 11th in the works) across twenty-two different television seasons (twenty-nine, if one separately counts seasons running concurrently), making it the second most prolific science-fiction franchise in history after Doctor Who. See Lengths of science fiction film and television series for more on comparative series lengths.
Star Trek: The Original Series (1966–1969)
Star Trek debuted in the United States on NBC on September 8, 1966.<ref name="TOS debut"> 'Star Trek' turns 40
(2006-08-18)
. Retrieved on 2007-12-20. </ref> The show, starring William Shatner as Captain James T. Kirk, Leonard Nimoy as Mr. Spock, and DeForest Kelley as Dr. Leonard "Bones" McCoy, tells the tale of the crew of the starship Enterprise and that crew's five-year mission "to boldly go where no man has gone before." In its first two seasons it was nominated for Emmy Awards as Best Dramatic Series. After three seasons, however, the show was canceled and the last episode aired on June 3, 1969.<ref name="TOS end">Star Trek TV show URL accessed August 21, 2006</ref> The series subsequently became popular in reruns and a cult following developed, complete with fan conventions.<ref name="TOS debut"/> Originally aired as simply Star Trek, it has in recent years become known as Star Trek: The Original Series or as "Classic Trek" — retronyms that distinguish it from its sequels and the franchise as a whole. All subsequent films and television series, except the animated series of the 1970s, have had secondary titles included as part of their official names. A re-release of the series began in September 2006 with CGI enhancements as a high-definition "Remastered" edition.<ref> Paul Davidson
. " Original Star Trek Getting Upgrade? " , IGN , Aug 2006 . Retrieved on 2007-02-07 . </ref>. The remastered episodes currently air in syndication while the originals appear on TV Land, MyNetworkTV channel, G4 (TV channel), Sci Fi in Australia, The Sci-Fi Channel in the UK, in Poland on TV Puls and, additionally, on BBC2 in the UK, although these broadcasts are infrequent and irregular.
Star Trek: The Animated Series (1973–1974)
Star Trek: The Animated Series was produced by Filmation and ran for two seasons from 1973 to 1974. Most of the original cast performed the voices of their characters from The Original Series, and many of the original series' writers, such as D. C. Fontana, David Gerrold and Paul Schneider wrote for the series. While the animated format allowed larger and more exotic alien landscapes and lifeforms, animation and soundtrack quality, the liberal reuse of shots and musical cues as well as occasional animation errors has detracted from the reputation of the series.<ref>Andy Dursin review of DVD release at The Aisle Seat</ref> Although originally sanctioned by Paramount (who became the owners of the Star Trek franchise following its acquisition of Desilu in 1967), Roddenberry forced Paramount to stop considering the series canon. Even so, elements of the animated series have been used by writers in later live-action series and movies (e.g. Kirk's middle name, Tiberius, first used in Bem was made official in Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country) while the holodeck makes its first appearance in the TAS episode The Practical Joker. TAS won Star Trek's first Emmy Award on May 15 1975.<ref>Awards for "Star Trek" (1973) by imdb</ref><ref>The Making of Star Trek: The Animated Series</ref> The TAS series briefly returned to television in the mid-1980s on the children's cable network Nickelodeon and in the early 1990s on cable network Sci-Fi Channel. It was released to DVD in 2006.<ref name="TAS">Star Trek Animated — The Series that ran from 1973–1974 URL accessed August 21, 2006</ref>
Star Trek: Phase II
Star Trek: Phase II was set to air in 1978 as the flagship series of a proposed Paramount television network, and 12 episode scripts were written before production was due to begin.<ref name="Phase II">Star Trek Phase II, Planned but never executed Star Trek Series URL accessed August 21, 2006</ref> The series would have put most of the original crew back aboard the Enterprise for a second five-year mission, except for Leonard Nimoy as Spock, who did not agree to return due to a disagreement on how many episodes he should appear in. A younger, full-blooded Vulcan named Xon was planned as a replacement, although it was still hoped that Nimoy would make guest appearances.<ref name="Phase II"/> Sets were constructed and several minutes of test footage were filmed. However, the risks of launching a fourth network and the popularity of the then-recently released film Star Wars led Paramount to make a Star Trek film instead of a weekly television series. The first script of this aborted series formed the basis of Star Trek: The Motion Picture,<ref name="TMP">Trivia for Star Trek: The Motion Picture (1979) URL accessed August 21, 2006</ref> while three others were eventually adapted as episodes of Star Trek: The Next Generation.<ref>Judith and Garfield Reeves-Steven, Star Trek Phase II: The Lost Series, p.235 ISBN 0-671-56839-6</ref>
Star Trek: The Next Generation (1987–1994)
Star Trek: The Next Generation is set nearly a century after The Original Series and features a new starship, the Enterprise-D, and a new crew led by Captain Jean-Luc Picard, played by Patrick Stewart. It also features the first Klingon in Starfleet, Worf. The show premiered on September 28, 1987 and ran for seven seasons, ending on May 23, 1994.<ref name="TNG series">Star Trek: The Next Generation TV Show URL accessed August 21, 2006</ref> The Next Generation had the highest ratings of all the Star Trek series and was the #1 syndicated show during the last few years of its original run.<ref name="TNG ratings"> The Next Generation series is arguably the best of the other series, and became a springboard for the other series to follow. Alot of the relationships and races introduced in TNG became the basis of many other episodes in DS9, and Voyager. Star Trek — A Short History URL accessed August 21, 2006</ref> It was nominated for an Emmy for Best Dramatic Series during its final season. It also received a Peabody Award for Outstanding Television Programming.<ref name="TNG Emmy">BBC Online — Star Trek: The Next Generation URL accessed August 21, 2006</ref> The series currently airs on TV6 in Sweden, ZTV in Norway SBS NET in Denmark, Sky One in the UK, Sci Fi in Australia, SIC Radical in Portugal, Space: The Imagination Station in Canada,<ref name ="Space shows">SPACECAST / SHOWS URL accessed January 21, 2007</ref> as well as G4 in the United States.<ref name ="G4 shows">G4 — Shows URL accessed August 21, 2006</ref>
Star Trek: Deep Space Nine (1993–1999)
Star Trek: Deep Space Nine is set during the same time frame as The Next Generation and ran for seven seasons, debuting in 1993.<ref name="DS9 series">Star Trek: Deep Space Nine TV Show URL accessed August 21, 2006</ref> It is the only Star Trek series to take place primarily on a space station, rather than aboard a starship, set on board on the Cardassian-built Bajoran spacestation Deep Space Nine, near a uniquely stable wormhole that provides immediate access to the distant Gamma Quadrant.<ref name="Emissary">STARTREK.COM: Emissary. URL accessed August 21, 2006</ref> The show chronicles the events of the station's crew, led by Commander (later Captain) Benjamin Sisko, played by Avery Brooks. Recurring plots include the repercussions of the lengthy and brutal Cardassian Occupation of Bajor, Sisko's unique spiritual role for the Bajorans as the Emissary of the Prophets and a war with the Dominion. Deep Space Nine stands apart from other Trek series for its lengthy serialized storytelling, conflict within the crew, and religious themes — all of which were elements that Roddenberry had forbidden in earlier Trek programs.<ref> Review of "Inter Arma Enim Silent Leges"
. Retrieved on 2006-10-29.
</ref> Nevertheless, he was made aware of plans to make DS9 before his death, so this was the last Star Trek series he was connected with.<ref> Trivia for Star Trek: Deep Space Nine
. IMDB
. Retrieved on 2007-10-14. </ref> The series currently airs on Spike TV in the United States and Virgin 1 in the UK.
Star Trek: Voyager (1995–2001)
Star Trek: Voyager was produced for seven seasons from 1995 to 2001 and is the only Star Trek series to feature a woman as the commanding officer: Captain Kathryn Janeway, played by Kate Mulgrew.<ref name="VOY woman"> As well as the only series to feature a Native American officer.RevolutionSF — Star Trek: Voyager : Review URL accessed August 24, 2006</ref> Voyager takes place at about the same time as Deep Space Nine. The series' pilot shows the USS Voyager and its crew stranded in the Delta Quadrant, 70,000 light years from Earth.<ref name="VOY LY">Star Trek: Voyager TV series reviews URL accessed August 24, 2006</ref> Faced with a 70-year voyage to Earth, the crew must avoid conflict and defeat challenges on its long and perilous journey home. Like Deep Space Nine, early seasons of Voyager feature greater conflict between its crew than is seen in earlier shows, as a large contingent of the crew is made of up of Maquis fugitives forced by circumstance to cooperate with Starfleet, which is probably like the uneasy truce between the Federation and the Cardassians as shown in The Next Generation. Eventually, though, they settle their differences, after which it becomes more reminiscent of The Original Series. Voyager is originally isolated from many of the familiar aspects and races of the Star Trek franchise, barring those few represented on the crew. This allowed for the creation of new races and original plot lines within the series. Later seasons, however, brought an influx of characters and races from prior shows, such as the Borg, Q, the Ferengi, Romulans, Klingons, Cardassians and even multiple instances where members of the Next Generation crew appear in the series. The series is currently airing on Space: The Imagination Station in Canada, Spike TV in the United States, Sky One in the United Kingdom, Canal Jimmy and Sci-Fi in France.<ref name="VOY Borg">STARTREK.COM : Episode (Scorpion) URL accessed August 24, 2006</ref><ref name="VOY Q">STARTREK.COM : Episode (Q2) URL accessed August 24, 2006</ref>
Star Trek: Enterprise (2001–2005)
Star Trek: Enterprise (originally titled as "Enterprise" prior to season 3), produced from 2001 to 2005, is a prequel to the other Star Trek series. The pilot episode takes place ten years before the founding of the Federation and over one hundred years before the original Star Trek series .<ref name="ENT prequel">Star Trek: Enterprise Summary URL accessed August 24, 2006</ref> Enterprise shows the origins of several features that would become common in the sequel series, thus adding continuity to the whole Star Trek universe.
Almost a century has passed since the invention of faster-than-light travel (warp drive) and the first contact with a friendly alien race - the Vulcans. Humanity is finally taking the first steps into the brighter future without war.
The Earth's first state of the art starship of exploration is built - Enterprise commanded by Captain Jonathan Archer (Scott Bakula) is able to go farther and faster than any human vessel had previously gone. Typical Roddenberry heroes are replaced by more realistic and complex characters - everything is new and exciting for them, but also frightening and dangerous...
The accessible and fresh storytelling of the show was intended to address a much wider audience and not only loyal genre fans. For the first two seasons, Enterprise was mostly episodic, like the original series and The Next Generation. The third season's big epic arc "Xindi mission" covers the whole year. Fourth season's story arcs are often spread to two or three episodes.
Ratings for Enterprise started strong, but declined rapidly. The show continued to lose ratings mainly during the third season, and Paramount canceled the show in early 2005. It currently airs on HDNet, Sky Two, Virgin 1 in the UK, the SciFi Channel in the US, and Space: The Imagination Station.<ref name="ENT cancelled">STARTREK.COM : Article URL accessed August 24, 2006</ref>
Feature Films
Paramount Pictures has produced ten Star Trek feature films, with an eleventh film currently in production. The first six films continue the adventures of the The Original Series cast, the seventh featured both casts, and the next three featured only The Next Generation's cast. Although North American and UK releases of the films were no longer numbered following the sixth film, European releases continued numbering the films. The eleventh film is a prequel about the early lives of Kirk and Spock.
Some fans consider the even-numbered Star Trek films to be superior to the odd-numbered Star Trek films (the so-called "Star Trek movie curse"); the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth films are considered fan favorites, whereas the first, fifth, seventh, and ninth are often considered the weaker films (although this "curse" is not popularly applied to the third or tenth films).<ref name="curse">STARTREK.COM : Article URL accessed August 24, 2006</ref>
Cultural impact
The Star Trek franchise is a multi-billion dollar industry, currently owned by CBS.<ref name="billion">STARTREK.COM : Article URL accessed August 24, 2006</ref> Gene Roddenberry sold Star Trek to NBC as a classic adventure drama; he pitched the show as "Wagon Train to the stars" and as Horatio Hornblower in space. Though set on a fictional starship, Roddenberry wanted to tell more sophisticated stories using futuristic situations as analogies to current problems on Earth and rectifying them through humanism and optimism.<ref name="analogies">Social History :Star Trek as a Cultural Phenomenon URL accesses August 24, 2006</ref> The opening line, "to boldly go where no man has gone before," was taken almost verbatim from a US White House booklet on space produced after the Sputnik flight in 1957.<ref name="Whiet House">Introduction to Outer Space (195Image:Cool.gif URL accessed August 24, 2006</ref> The central trio of Kirk, Spock and McCoy was modeled on classical mythological storytelling. <ref name="analogies"/>
Roddenberry explicitly intended the show to have a political agenda, as can be heard in phrases like "Those who hate and fight must stop themselves, otherwise it is not stopped." (Spock in 'Armageddon'). Harking of human diversity and contemporaneous political circumstances, Roddenberry included a multi-ethnic crew. Star Trek showed mankind what it might develop into, if only it would learn from the lessons of the past, most specifically by ending violence. An extreme example are the Vulcans, who had a very violent past but learned to control their emotions.
Star Trek and its spin-offs have proved highly popular in television repeats and are currently shown on TV stations worldwide.<ref name="worldwide">TREK NATION RTF URL accessed August 24, 2006</ref> The show’s cultural impact goes far beyond its longevity and profitability. Star Trek conventions have become popular, though now are often merged with conventions of other genres and series, and fans have coined the term "Trekkie" to describe themselves. Others, however, prefer the term "Trekkers". Fans of Deep Space Nine are better known as "Niners". An entire subculture has grown up around the show<ref name="Trekkies">Trekkies (1997) URL accessed August 24, 2006</ref> which was documented in the film Trekkies.
The Star Trek franchise is believed to have motivated the design of many current technologies, including the Tablet PC, the PDA, mobile phones and the MRI (based on Dr. McCoy's diagnostic table).<ref name="modern">40 years since the Enterprise's inception, some of its science fiction gadgets are part of everyday life URL accessed August 24, 2006</ref> It has also brought to popular attention the concept of teleportation with its depiction of "matter-energy transport." Phrases such as "Beam me up, Scotty" have entered the public vernacular.<ref name="Scotty">Articles: Beam me up, Scotty! URL accessed August 24, 2006</ref> In 1976, following a letter-writing campaign, NASA named its prototype space shuttle Enterprise, after the fictional starship.<ref name="Enterprise">Shuttle Orbiter Enterprise (OV-101) URL accessed August 24, 2006</ref>
The city of Garland, Texas is one city known to have an official place name based on the TV series: "Star Trek Lane," located off of Apollo Road and east of North Jupiter Road.<ref> Yahoo Maps
. Retrieved on 2007-02-27.
</ref>. The city of Birmingham, Alabama also boasts a "Star Trek Lane," and "Star Trek Circle," in the Sunrise East subdivision of its Roebuck neighborhood.
An unincorporated area near the Las Vegas Strip contains a residential street named "Roddenberry Avenue." While the "official" address lists the avenue as being located in Las Vegas, Nevada, the actual location is an unincorporated township called "Enterprise". There is no indication that the township's name has any connection with the Star Trek series, and it is unknown whether or not the street name is a deliberate tribute to the Star Trek creator.<ref>Google Maps: Roddenberry Ave.</ref>
The town of Vulcan in Alberta, Canada contains a large replica of the Star ship Enterprise from the original series.
Parodies of Star Trek include the internet-based cartoon series Stone Trek, the song Star Trekkin' by The Firm and the feature film Galaxy Quest.
Current status and future
After Star Trek: Enterprise was canceled in 2005, the Star Trek franchise found itself for the first time in over 25 years without a series or film in production or development. In April 2006, the official announcement of an eleventh feature film made it probable that the franchise has not yet ended. Filming was also completed in 2006 for an unofficial mini-series, Star Trek: Of Gods and Men, which contains many cast members from the TV series and movies and is Directed by Tim Russ (Tuvok from Star Trek: Voyager); it will be released free of charge on the internet in stages, starting on December 22, 2007.<ref>http://www.StarTrekOfGodsAndMen.com</ref>
In 2006, CBS Paramount Domestic Television began syndicating an enhanced version of the original 79 Star Trek episodes. State-of-the-art visual effects replaced those in the series (created in-house by CBS), the original theme music has been rerecorded, and the show was transferred from the original negatives in high definition. The show is currently syndicated in HD.<ref> Remastering Star Trek: TOS FX, Music Enhanced
. StarTrek.com (2006-08-31)
. Retrieved on 2006-11-20. </ref>
Also in 2006, it was announced that there was a pitch in the works for a new animated series that would, if produced, be released as several 6-minute episodes, available online (similar to The Animatrix and Star Wars: Clone Wars). The series is to be set 150 years after the Star Trek: The Next Generation time line, during an era of upheaval and strife in the Federation. The Romulans have used several "Omega Particle" explosions to render much of Federation space impassable by traditional Federation vessels. Many Federation worlds have been isolated and some races, including the Vulcans, have withdrawn from the Federation altogether. The series is, as yet, untitled and there has been no full confirmation.<ref> CBS Considering New Animated Trek Series For The Web
. TrekMovie.com (2006-12-13)
. Retrieved on 2006-12-20. </ref><ref> Star Trek: CBS Considers a New Animated Series
. TVSeriesFinale.com.com (2007-01-03)
. Retrieved on 2007-10-23. </ref>
On January 19, 2007, CBS announced that its newly-formed home entertainment unit would begin releasing the remastered episodes on HD-DVD before the end of 2007.<ref> CBS Forms Blu-ray/HD DVD/DVD TV Unit; Classic 'Star Trek' to Lead Title Brigade
.</ref>
Perpetual Entertainment is also developing a MMOG based on Star Trek called Star Trek Online. IDW Publishing have also bought the rights to the comic book.<ref> IDW Boldly Goes...
. IGN
. </ref> The original series' characters are also featured in two volumes of manga by publishers Tokyopop.
Star Trek also continues in many Star Trek fan productions.
References
Bibliography
Major reference works related to the production and influence of the franchise include:
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Notes and references
External links
Modèle:Wikiquote Modèle:Wiktionary
- StarTrek.com—The Official Star Trek website
- StarTrekLinks.net—Official Star Trek actor links website
- Memory Alpha—A Star Trek encyclopedia that uses information only from canon sources licensed by Paramount.
- Memory Beta—A Star Trek encyclopedia that uses information from both canon and non-canon sources licensed by Paramount.
- StarTrek-Games.com A large informational site on games featuring Star Trek.
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