Marilyn Monroe

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Marilyn Monroe (born Norma Jeane Mortenson; June 1, 1926 – August 5, 1962), was a Golden Globe award winning<ref>http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000054/awards</ref> American actress, model, Hollywood icon,<ref>http://news.independent.co.uk/people/profiles/article364572.ece</ref> and sex symbol. She was known for her comedic skills and screen presence. Monroe became one of the most popular movie stars of the 1950s and early 1960s. During the later stages of her career, she worked towards serious roles with a measure of success and her fame surpassed that of any other entertainer of her time.<ref>http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9053433/Marilyn-Monroe</ref>

Her premature death was classified as a "probable suicide."<ref>GRANT ROLLINGS, The curse of the Playmates, The Sun, February 12 2007</ref> Conspiracy theorists and Jack Clemmons, the first LAPD Police officer to arrive at the death scene<ref>Wolfe, Donald H. The Last Days of Marilyn Monroe. (1998) ISBN-10: 0787118079</ref> speculate that she was murdered.<ref>http://carpenoctem.tv/cons/monroe.html</ref> She is the only woman on the Forbes top earning dead celebrities list.<ref>http://www.forbes.com/2006/10/20/tech-media_06deadcelebs_cx_pf_top-earning-dead-celebrities_9.html</ref>

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Childhood

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Family and early life

Marilyn Monroe was born Norma Jeane Mortenson<ref> Birth Certificate</ref> in the charity ward of the Los Angeles County Hospital.<ref name="bio1">http://www.marilynmonroe.com/about/bio.html</ref><ref>http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761552273/Monroe_Marilyn.html</ref> According to biographer Fred Lawrence Guiles, her grandmother, Della Monroe Grainger, had her baptized Norma Jeane Baker by Aimee Semple McPherson.<ref name="bio1"/> She would not legally change her name to Marilyn Monroe until 1956.<ref> According to biographer Fred Lawrence Guiles, her grandmother, Della Monroe Grainger, had her baptized Norma Jeane Baker by Aimee Semple McPherson.<ref name="bio1"/> She would not legally change her name to Marilyn Monroe until 1956.<ref>http://www.marilynmonroe.com/about/facts.html</ref>

Her mother was Gladys Pearl Monroe.<ref>Social Security Death Index showing "Gladys Eley, last residence Gainesville, Alachua, Florida, Born: 27 May 1900, Died: Mar 1984, SSN issued by Oregon (Before 1951)"</ref> Monroe's birth father was never identified. For many years it was believed that Gladys's second husband Martin Edward Mortenson (1897-1981) was Monroe's father. His name was listed on her birth certificate.<ref>"

   Birth of Marilyn Monroe Shown to Be Legitimate 
     
 " , Associated Press
  , February 13, 1981
 
  . Retrieved on 2007-07-21
 .  "Eighteen years after Marilyn Monroe's death, the widely held belief that the movie star was born illegitimate has been disproved. Authorities say they have found copies of her birth certificate at the home of a dead man they believe was her father. Martin Edward Mortensen, 85 years old, died on Tuesday, apparently of a heart attack, Lisle Ford, a Riverside County coroner's investigator, said. He said that he had found copies of Monroe's birth certificate at Mortensen's apartment, as well as marriage and divorce papers for Mortensen and Gladys Baker, Monroe's mother. The birth certificate states that Marilyn Monroe was born Norma Jean Mortensen on June 1, 1926, in Los Angeles. Her father is listed as Edward Mortensen, address unknown, age 29. Monroe died in Los Angeles on August 5, 1962, apparently a suicide from an overdose of barbiturates."
  </ref> However this has been disputed with Monroe herself believing a salesman named Charles Stanley Gifford was her father.<ref>http://www.marilyncollector.com/legend/faq.html#father</ref><ref>http://www.guardian.co.uk/netnotes/article/0,,500022,00.html</ref> Whatever the case, Monroe had no father in her life.

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Foster homes

Mentally unstable and unable to care for Monroe, Gladys placed her with foster parents Albert and Ida Bolender of Hawthorne, California, where she lived until she was seven.<ref> Whatever the case, Monroe had no father in her life.

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Foster homes

Mentally unstable and unable to care for Monroe, Gladys placed her with foster parents Albert and Ida Bolender of Hawthorne, California, where she lived until she was seven.<ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A26655555</ref> In her autobiography My Story, Monroe states she thought Albert was a girl.

One day, Gladys announced that she had bought a house. A few months after they had moved in, Gladys suffered a breakdown. In My Story, Monroe recalls her mother "screaming and laughing" as she was forcibly removed to the State Hospital in Norwalk. According to My Sister Marilyn, Gladys's brother, Marion, hanged himself upon his release from an asylum, and Della's father did the same in a fit of depression.

Norma Jeane was declared a ward of the state, and Gladys' best friend, Grace McKee (later Goddard) became her guardian. After McKee married in 1935, Norma Jeane was sent to the Los Angeles Orphans Home (later renamed Hollygrove), and then to a succession of foster homes.<ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A26655555</ref>

The Goddards were about to move to the east coast and could not take Monroe. Grace approached the mother of a neighbor boy, James Dougherty, about the possibility of her son marrying the girl. They married weeks after she turned 16, so that Norma Jeane would not have to return to an orphanage or foster care.<ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A26655555</ref> Monroe stated in her autobiography that she did not feel like a wife; instead she enjoyed playing with the neighborhood children until her husband would call her home for the evening. The marriage would last until 1946 when Monroe decided to pursue her career.

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Career

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Early years

Image:MarilynMonroe-YANK1945.jpg

Mrs. Norma Jeane Dougherty, YANK Magazine, 1945

While her husband was in the Merchant Marine during World War II, Norma Jeane Dougherty moved in with her mother-in-law where she started working in the Radioplane Company factory owned by Hollywood actor Reginald Denny. Her job required spraying airplane parts with fire retardant and inspecting parachutes. Army photographer David Conover was scouting local factories, taking photos for a YANK magazine article about women contributing to the war effort. He saw her potential as a model, and she was soon signed by The Blue Book modeling agency. Shortly after signing with the agency, Monroe had her hair cut, straightened, and lightened to golden blonde. She began taking drama classes and singing classes.<ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A26655555</ref>

She became one of Blue Book's most successful models, appearing on dozens of magazine covers. In 1946, she came to the attention of talent scout Ben Lyon. He arranged a screen test for her with 20th Century Fox. She was offered a standard six-month contract with a starting salary of $125 per week.<ref>http://www.marilynmonroe.com/about/bio2.html</ref>

Lyon suggested she adopt Marilyn (after the famous actress Marilyn Miller) as her stage name, since Norma Jeane was not considered commercial enough.<ref>http://www.netglimse.com/celebs/pages/marilyn_monroe/index.shtml</ref> For her last name, she took her mother's maiden name. Thus, the 20-year-old Norma Jeane Baker became Marilyn Monroe. During her first six months at Fox, Monroe was given no work, but Fox renewed her contract and she was given minor appearances in Scudda Hoo! Scudda Hay! and Dangerous Years, both released in 1947. <ref>http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9053433/Marilyn-Monroe</ref>In Scudda Hoo!, her part was edited out of the film except for a quick glimpse of her face when she speaks two words. Fox decided not to renew her contract. Monroe returned to modelling and began to network and make contacts in Hollywood. She posed for nude photographs which were later featured in the first issue of Playboy<ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A26655555</ref>.

In 1948, during a six-month stint at Columbia Pictures, she starred in Ladies of the Chorus. The low-budget musical was not a success and Monroe was dropped yet again. She met one of Hollywood's top agents, Johnny Hyde, who had Fox re-sign her after MGM turned her down. Darryl F. Zanuck, the vice-president of Fox, was not convinced of Monroe's potential, but because of Hyde's persistence, she gained supporting parts in the Marx Brothers film Love Happy (1949), and in Fox's All About Eve and MGM's The Asphalt Jungle (both 1950). Even though the roles were small, moviegoers as well as critics took notice. <ref>http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9053433/Marilyn-Monroe</ref>Hyde also arranged for her to have minor plastic surgery on her nose and chin, adding that to earlier dental surgery.<ref>http://www.celebrityplasticpics.com/marilyn_monroe_plastic_surgery.htm</ref><ref>http://marilynmonroepages.com/facts.html#surgery</ref><ref>http://obits.com/monroemarilyn.html</ref><ref>http://www.amazon.com/dp/0812885252/</ref>

The next two years were filled with inconsequential roles in standard fare such as We're Not Married! and Love Nest. However, RKO executives used her to boost box office potential of the Fritz Lang production Clash by Night. After the film performed well, Fox employed a similar tactic, and she was cast as the ditzy receptionist with Cary Grant and Ginger Rogers in Howard Hawks's slapstick comedy Monkey Business. Critics no longer ignored her, and both films' success at the box office was partly attributed to Monroe's growing popularity.

Fox finally gave her a starring role in 1952 with Don't Bother to Knock, in which she portrayed a deranged babysitter who attacks the little girl in her care. It was a cheaply made B-movie, and although the reviews were mixed, they claimed that it demonstrated Monroe's ability and confirmed that she was ready for more leading roles. Her performance in the film has since been noted as one of the finest of her career.<ref>

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Stardom

Image:Monroe sings from the trailer of Niagra 2.jpg

Monroe in Niagara

Monroe proved she could carry a big-budget film when she starred in Niagara in 1953. Movie critics focused on Monroe's connection with the camera as much as on the sinister plot.<ref> Niagara (1953)

. Rotten Tomatoes

. Retrieved on 2006-08-01. </ref> She played an unbalanced woman planning to murder her husband.

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Playboy playmate

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First issue of Playboy, featuring a black-and-white photo of Monroe (in a dress) promising inside full-color pictures of her nude.

Around this time, the nude photos of Monroe began to surface, taken by photographer Tom Kelley during her unemployment. Prints were bought by Hugh Hefner and, in December 1953, appeared in the first edition of Playboy. To the dismay of Fox, Monroe decided to publicly admit it was indeed her in the pictures. When a journalist asked her what she wore in bed she replied, "Chanel no.5".<ref name=Marilyn>http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/m/marilyn_monroe.html</ref> When asked what she had on during the photo shoot, she replied, "The radio".<ref name=Marilyn>http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/m/marilyn_monroe.html</ref>

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A-list actress

Over the following months, Gentlemen Prefer Blondes and How to Marry a Millionaire cemented Monroe's status as an A-list actress, and she became one of the world's biggest movie stars. The lavish Technicolor comedy films established Monroe's "dumb blonde" on-screen persona.<ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A26655555</ref>

In Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, Monroe's turn as gold-digging showgirl Lorelei Lee won her rave reviews,<ref>http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/gentlemen_prefer_blondes/</ref> and the scene where she sang "Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend" has inspired the likes of Madonna,<ref>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0FDGnAIWpk</ref> Kylie Minogue<ref>YouTube.com</ref> and Geri Halliwell. In the Los Angeles premiere of the film, Monroe and co-star Jane Russell pressed their foot- and handprints in the cement in the forecourt of Grauman's Chinese Theatre.

In How to Marry a Millionaire, Monroe was teamed up with Lauren Bacall and Betty Grable. She played a short-sighted dumb blonde, and even though the role was stereotypical, critics took note of her comedic timing.<ref> How to Marry a Millionaire (1953)

. Rotten Tomatoes

. Retrieved on 2006-08-01. </ref>

Her next two films, the western River of No Return and the musical There's No Business Like Show Business, were not successful. Monroe tired of the roles that Zanuck assigned her. After completing work on The Seven Year Itch in early 1955, she broke her contract and fled Hollywood to study acting with Lee Strasberg at the Actors Studio in New York. <ref>http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9053433/Marilyn-Monroe</ref>Fox would not accede to her contract demands and insisted she return to work on productions she considered inappropriate, such as The Girl in Pink Tights (which was never filmed), The Girl in the Red Velvet Swing, and How to Be Very, Very Popular.

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Maryiln Monroe Productions

Once in New York Monroe set up her own production company Maryiln Monroe Productions with fashion photographer Milton H. Greene.

As The Seven Year Itch raced to the top of the box office in the summer of 1955, and with Fox starlets Jayne Mansfield and Sheree North failing to click with audiences, Zanuck admitted defeat and Monroe returned to Hollywood. A new contract was drawn up, giving Monroe approval of the director as well as the option to act in other studios' projects.

The first film to be made under the contract and production company was Bus Stop, directed by Joshua Logan. She played Chérie,<ref>http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1003296-bus_stop/</ref> a saloon bar singer who falls in love with a cowboy. Monroe deliberately appeared badly made-up and unglamorous. She was nominated for a Golden Globe for the performance and was praised by critics. <ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A26655555</ref>Bosley Crowther of The New York Times proclaimed: "Hold on to your chairs, everybody, and get set for a rattling surprise. Marilyn Monroe has finally proved herself an actress." In his autobiography, Movie Stars, Real People and Me, director Joshua Logan wrote: "I found Marilyn to be one of the great talents of all time... She struck me as being a much brighter person than I had ever imagined, and I think that was the first time I learned that intelligence and, yes brilliance have nothing to do with education."

Image:Marilyn Monroe, The Prince and the Showgirl, 1.jpg

Monroe in a promotional still for The Prince and the Showgirl, 1957.

The second movie filmed under her production company was The Prince and the Showgirl co-starring Laurence Olivier. Olivier, who directed the movie, said Monroe was "a brilliant comedienne, which to me means she is also an extremely skilled actress"<ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A26655555</ref> However, he became furious at her habit of being late to the set, as well as her dependency on her drama coach Paula Strasberg. Monroe's performance was hailed by critics, especially in Europe, where she was handed the David di Donatello, the Italian equivalent of the Academy Award, as well as the French Crystal Star Award. She was also nominated for the British BAFTA award.

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Later years

In 1959, she scored the biggest hit of her career starring alongside Jack Lemmon and Tony Curtis in Billy Wilder's Some Like It Hot. After shooting finished, Wilder publicly blasted Monroe for her difficult on-set behavior. Soon, however, Wilder's attitude softened, and he hailed her as a great comedienne. Some Like It Hot is consistently rated as one of the best films ever made.<ref> Some Like It Hot (1959)

. Rotten Tomatoes

. Retrieved on 2006-08-01. </ref> Monroe's performance earned her a Golden Globe for best actress in musical or comedy.

After Some Like It Hot, Monroe shot Let's Make Love directed by George Cukor and co-starring Yves Montand. Monroe was forced to shoot the picture because of her obligations to Twentieth Century-Fox. While the film was not a commercial or critical success, it included one of Monroe's legendary musical numbers, Cole Porter's "My Heart Belongs to Daddy".

Arthur Miller wrote what became her and her co-star Clark Gable's last completed film, The Misfits. The exhausting shoot took place in the hot Nevada desert. Monroe, Gable and Montgomery Clift delivered performances that are considered excellent by contemporary movie critics.<ref> The Misfits (1961)

. Rotten Tomatoes

. Retrieved on 2006-08-01. </ref> Tabloid magazines blamed Gable's death of a heart attack on Monroe, claiming she had given him a hard time on the set. Gable, however, insisted on doing his own stunts and was a heavy smoker. After Gable's death, Monroe attended the baptism of his son.

In 1961, some of the most famous photographs of Monroe were taken by Douglas Kirkland as a feature for the 25th anniversary issue of LOOK magazine.

Monroe returned to Hollywood to resume filming on the George Cukor comedy Something's Got to Give, a never-finished film that has become legendary for problems on the set and proved a costly debacle for Fox. In May 1962, she made her last significant public appearance, singing Happy Birthday, Mr. President at a televised birthday party for President John F. Kennedy.

After shooting what was claimed to have been the first ever nude scene by a major motion picture actress, Monroe's attendance on the set became even more erratic. On June 1, her thirty-sixth birthday, she attended a charity event at Dodger Stadium.

Financially strained by the production costs of Cleopatra, starring Elizabeth Taylor, Fox dropped Monroe from the film and replaced her with Lee Remick. However, co-star Dean Martin, who had a clause in his contract giving him an approval over his co-star, was unwilling to work with anyone but Monroe. She was rehired.<ref>http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0308/05/lkl.00.html</ref>

Monroe conducted a lengthy interview with Life, in which she expressed how bitter she was about Hollywood labeling her as a dumb blonde and how much she loved her audience.<ref> Meryman , Richard

  . 
 "
   Marilyn Monroe's Last Interview 
     
 " , 1962
 
  . Retrieved on 2006-08-01
 . </ref>  She also did a photo shoot for Vogue and began discussing a future film project with Gene Kelly and Frank Sinatra, according to the Donald Spoto biography.

She was planning to star in a biopic of Jean Harlow as well as starring alongside Jack Lemmon in Irma La Douce, a Billy Wilder comedy that eventually starred Shirley MacLaine. <ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A26655555</ref>Other projects under consideration were What a Way to Go! (in which Shirley MacLaine replaced her), Kiss Me, Stupid, a comedy starring Dean Martin and Kim Novak, and a musical version of A Tree Grows In Brooklyn.<ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A26655555</ref>

Before the shooting of Something's Got to Give resumed, Monroe was found dead in her Los Angeles home on the morning of August 5, 1962. She remains one of the 20th century's legendary public figures and archetypal Hollywood movie stars.

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Marriages and Relationships

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James Dougherty

Monroe married James Dougherty on June 19, 1942. In The Secret Happiness of Marilyn Monroe and To Norma Jeane with Love, Jimmie, he claimed they were in love, but dreams of stardom lured her away. In 1953 he wrote a piece called "Marilyn Monroe Was My Wife" for Photoplay, in which he claimed that he left her. In the 2004 documentary Marilyn's Man, Dougherty made three new claims: he was her Svengali and invented the "Marilyn Monroe" persona, studio executives forced her to divorce him, and that he was her only true love.

He remarried in 1947. The August 6, 1962 New York Times reported that, on being informed of her death, he replied "I'm sorry," and continued his LAPD patrol. He did not attend Monroe's funeral.

His sister wrote in the December 1952 Modern Screen Magazine that Dougherty left Monroe because she wanted to pursue modeling. He admitted to A&E Network that his mother asked him to marry her and told Lifetime in 1996 that he cut off her allotment after being served with divorce papers.

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Joe DiMaggio

In 1951, Joe DiMaggio saw a picture of Monroe with two Chicago White Sox players but did not ask the man who arranged the stunt to set up a date until 1952. She wrote in My Story that she did not want to meet him, fearing a stereotypical jock. They eloped at San Francisco's City Hall on January 14, 1954. During the honeymoon, they visited Japan, and she was asked to visit Korea. She performed ten shows over four days in freezing temperatures for over 100,000 servicemen. Biographers have noted that DiMaggio, who stayed in Japan, was not pleased with his wife's decision during what he wanted to be an intimate trip.

Image:MMONROE2.jpg

Marilyn Monroe and Joe DiMaggio in an undated photo. Photo:Howard Frank Archives.Modèle:Unverifiedimage

Back home, she wrote him a letter about her dreams for their future, dated February 28, 1954:

Marilyn Monroe

DiMaggio biographer Maury Allen quoted New York Yankees PR man Arthur Richman that DiMaggio told him everything went wrong from the trip to Japan on. On September 14, 1954, Monroe filmed the iconic skirt-blowing scene for The Seven Year Itch in front of New York's Trans-Lux Theater. Bill Kobrin, then Fox's east coast correspondent, told the June 26, 2006 Palm Springs Desert Sun that it was Billy Wilder's idea to turn it into a media circus: "... every time her dress came up and the crowd started to get excited, DiMaggio just blew up." The couple later had a "yelling battle" in the theater lobby.<ref> Goolsby , Denise

  . 
 "
   Meet Marilyn Monroe photographer Saturday 
     
 " , The Desert Sun
  , 2006-06-26
 
  . Retrieved on 2006-08-01
 . </ref> She filed for divorce on grounds of mental cruelty 274 days after the wedding.

Years later, she turned to him for help. In February 1961, her psychiatrist arranged for her to be admitted to the Payne Whitney Psychiatric Clinic, where, according to Donald Spoto, she was placed in the ward for the most seriously disturbed. Unable to check herself out, she called DiMaggio, who secured her release. She later joined him in Florida. Their "just good friends" claim did not stop rumors of remarriage. Archive footage shows Bob Hope jokingly dedicating Best Song nominee The Second Time Around to them at the 1960 Academy Awards telecast. The two conceived a child, but it was stillborn.

According to Maury Allen, on August 1, 1962, DiMaggio — alarmed by how his ex-wife had fallen in with people such as Frank Sinatra and his "Rat Pack" — quit his job with a PX supplier to ask her to remarry him.

After her death, he claimed her body and arranged her funeral, barring Hollywood's elite. For 20 years, he had a dozen red roses delivered to her crypt three times a week. Unlike her other two husbands, he never talked about her publicly, wrote a tell-all, or remarried.

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Arthur Miller

Image:Miller and Monroe.jpg

Miller and Monroe at a press conference after their wedding

On June 29, 1956, Monroe married playwright Arthur Miller, whom she first met in 1951, in a civil ceremony in White Plains, New York. City Court Judge Seymour Robinowitz presided over the hushed ceremony in the law office of Sam Slavitt (the wedding had been kept secret from both the press and the public). In reflecting on his courtship of Monroe, Miller wrote, "She was a whirling light to me then, all paradox and enticing mystery, street-tough one moment, then lifted by a lyrical and poetic sensitivity that few retain past early adolescence". <ref>Arthur Miller, Timebends, 1987, New York, Grove Press, p. 359, ISBN 0-8021-0015-5</ref> Nominally raised as a Christian, she converted to Judaism before marrying Miller. After she finished shooting The Prince and the Showgirl with Laurence Olivier, the couple returned to the United States from England and discovered she was pregnant. However, she suffered from endometriosis, and the pregnancy was found to be ectopic. A subsequent pregnancy ended in miscarriage.

Miller's screenplay for The Misfits, a story about a despairing divorcée, was meant to be a Valentine gift for his wife, but by the time filming started in 1960 their marriage was beyond repair. A Mexican divorce was granted on January 24, 1961. On February 17, 1962, Miller married Inge Morath, one of the Magnum photographers recording the making of The Misfits.

In January 1964, Miller's play After The Fall opened, featuring a beautiful and devouring shrew named Maggie. The similarities between Maggie and Monroe did not go unnoticed by audiences and critics (including Helen Hayes).^{[citation needed]} Simone Signoret noted in her autobiography the morbidity of Miller and Elia Kazan resuming their professional association "over a casket". In interviews and in his autobiography, Miller insisted that Maggie was not based on Monroe. However, he never pretended that his last Broadway-bound work, Finishing the Picture, was not based on the making of The Misfits. He appeared in the documentary The Century of the Self lamenting the psychological work being done on her before her death.

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The Kennedys

It has been claimed that Monroe was involved with either Robert Kennedy, John F. Kennedy, or both.<ref>http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0308/05/lkl.00.html</ref> Jeanne Carmen, who claims to have been a friend of Monroe's, has said she dated both, though she only loved Robert. Carmen also believes at least one of the Kennedys was responsible for her death.<ref>http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0308/05/lkl.00.html</ref> Baseball legend Joe DiMaggio had told both his son and attorney that "The Kennedy's killed her."<ref>Engelberg, Morris. DiMaggio, Setting the record straight, page 281, (2003), ISBN 0-7603-1482-9</ref>

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Death and aftermath

Main article: Death of Marilyn Monroe

LAPD police sergeant Jack Clemmons received a call at 4:25AM on August 5, 1962 from Dr. Hyman Engelberg proclaiming that Marilyn Monroe was dead at her home in Brentwood, Los Angeles, California. Sergeant Clemmons was the first Police officer to arrive at the death scene.<ref>Wolfe, Donald H. The Last Days of Marilyn Monroe. (1998) ISBN-10: 0787118079</ref> Many questions remain unanswered about the circumstances of her death and the time-line Monroe's body was found.

The official cause of her death was classified as a case of "acute barbiturate poisoning" by Dr. Thomas Noguchi of the Los Angeles County Coroners office. Her death was classified as "probable suicide",<ref>GRANT ROLLINGS, The curse of the Playmates, The Sun, February 12 2007</ref> but because of a lack of evidence they could not classify her death as suicide or homicide. Also, some conspiracy theories involve John and Robert Kennedy with her untimely death.

On August 8, 1962, Monroe was interred in a crypt at Corridor of Memories, #24, at the Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery in Los Angeles, California. Lee Strasberg delivered the eulogy.

Over 40 years after her death Forbes.com compiled a survey titled "Highest-Earning Dead Celebrities," which compared the money the celebrities' estates earn annually from sales. Monroe ranked 9th, as the only woman on the list.

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Administration of estate

In her will, Monroe left Lee Strasberg 75 percent of the residuary of the estate. She expressed her desire that Strasberg, or, if he predeceased her, her executor, "distribute [her personal effects] among my friends, colleagues and those to whom I am devoted."<ref> The Will of Marilyn Monroe

. Court TV

. Retrieved on 2006-08-01. </ref>

Strasberg willed his portion to his widow, Anna. She declared she would never sell Monroe's personal items after successfully suing Odyssey Auctions in 1994 to prevent the sale of items which were withheld by Monroe's former business manager, Inez Melson. However, in October 1999 Christie's auctioned the bulk of the items Monroe willed to Strasberg, netting US$12.3 million.

Anna Strasberg is currently in litigation against the children of four photographers to determine rights of publicity, which permits the licensing of images of deceased personages for commercial purposes. The decision as to whether Monroe was a resident of California, where she died, or New York, where her will was probated, is worth millions.<ref> Koppel , Nathan

  . 
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   A battle erupts over the right to market Monroe 
     
 " , Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
  , 2006-04-10
 
  . Retrieved on 2006-08-01
 . </ref>

On May 4 2007, a federal judge in New York ruled that Monroe's rights of publicity ended upon her death, thus allowing the family of photographer Sam Shaw to sell photos of Monroe.<ref> Judge rejects Monroe claim to photographer profits

. ABC News 
 
 (May 5 2007)

. Retrieved on 2007-07-19. </ref>

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Quotes

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Filmography

Year	Film	Role	Salary	Adjusted for inflation, rounded to two significant digits (2007)
1947	Dangerous Years	Evie
	Scudda Hoo! Scudda Hay!	Girl in canoe/Girl exiting church	$150/week	$1400/week
	Green Grass of Wyoming
	Ladies of the Chorus	Peggy Martin
1949	Love Happy	Grunion's client
1950	A Ticket to Tomahawk	Clara
	The Asphalt Jungle	Angela Phinlay	$1,050	$9,100
	The Fireball	Polly
	All About Eve	Miss Caswell	$500/week, with one-week guarantee	$4,300/week
	Right Cross	Dusky Ledoux
1951	Home Town Story	Iris Martin
	As Young as You Feel	Harriet
	Love Nest	Roberta 'Bobby' Stevens
	Let's Make It Legal	Joyce Mannering
1952	Clash by Night	Peggy
	We're Not Married!	Annabel Jones Norris	$750/week	$5,900/week
	Don't Bother to Knock	Nell Forbes
	Monkey Business	Miss Lois Laurel
	O. Henry's Full House	Streetwalker
1953	Niagara	Rose Loomis
	Gentlemen Prefer Blondes	Lorelei Lee	$1,250/week	$9800/week
	How to Marry a Millionaire	Pola Debevoise
1954	River of No Return	Kay Weston
1954	There's No Business Like Show Business	Vicky Hoffman/Vicky Parker
1955	The Seven Year Itch	The Girl	$1,500/week	$12,000/week
1956	Bus Stop	Cherie
1957	The Prince and the Showgirl	Elsie Marina
1959	Some Like It Hot	Sugar Cane Kowalczyk	$200,000 plus 10% gross over $4 million	$1,400,000 +10% gross over $29m
1960	Let's Make Love	Amanda Dell
1961	The Misfits	Roslyn Taber	$250,000	$1,700,000
1962	Something's Got to Give	Ellen Wagstaff Arden	$100,000	$690,000

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Awards and nominations

1952 Photoplay Award: Special Award
1953 Golden Globe Henrietta Award: World Film Favorite Female.
1953 Photoplay Award: Most Popular Female Star
1956 BAFTA Film Award nomination: Best Foreign Actress for The Seven Year Itch
1956 Golden Globe nomination: Best Motion Picture Actress in Comedy or Musical for Bus Stop
1958 BAFTA Film Award nomination: Best Foreign Actress for The Prince and the Showgirl
1958 David di Donatello Award (Italian): Best Foreign Actress for The Prince and the Showgirl
1959 Crystal Star Award (French): Best Foreign Actress for The Prince and the Showgirl
1960 Golden Globe, Best Motion Picture Actress in Comedy or Musical for Some Like It Hot
1962 Golden Globe, World Film Favorite: Female
Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame 6104 Hollywood Blvd.
1999 she was ranked as the sixth greatest female star of all time by the American Film Institute in their list AFI's 100 Years... 100 Stars.

Modèle:Start Modèle:S-awards |- style="text-align:center;" |width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1"|Preceded by
Rosalind Russell
for Auntie Mame |width="40%" style="text-align: center;" rowspan="1"|Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy
for Some Like It Hot
1960 |width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1"| Succeeded by
Shirley MacLaine
for The Apartment |- |}

[modifier]

Notes

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References

Modèle:Cite book Examines Monroe's stature as an icon.
Modèle:Cite book Monroe's "love affair" with the camera.
Modèle:Cite book Explores Western Civilization's fixation with Monroe.
Modèle:Cite book A compendium of facts, fantasies and scandals about Marilyn Monroe.
Modèle:Cite book Examination of Monroe's personal and professional life.
Modèle:Cite book Reissue of a biography cited in this article.
Modèle:Cite book His controversial take on Monroe.
My Sister Marilyn, Miracle, Berniece Baker and Mona Raw Baker. Publisher: Algonquin Books; first edition (1994) Hardcover: 238 pages ISBN 1565120701
Modèle:Cite book Reprint of her memoirs, ghost-written by Ben Hecht; introduction by Andrea Dworkin.
Modèle:Cite book Scholarly look at her films.
Modèle:Cite book Biography cited in this article.
Modèle:Cite book Alleged transcripts of Monroe's therapy sessions.
Modèle:Cite book Examines Monroe's influence on numerous artists.
Vitacco-Robles, Gary (2003). Cursum Perficio: Marilyn Monroe's Brentwood Hacienda: The Story of Her Final Months. IUniverse. ISBN 0-595-01082-2
Modèle:Cite book
Steinem, Gloria (1988). Marilyn: Norma Jeane, photos by George Barris. Signet. (1988) ISBN 0451155963

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External links

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Wikimedia Commons propose des documents multimédia libres sur Marilyn Monroe.

The Marilyn Monroe Collection
Marilyn Remembered Fan Club
The Forever Marilyn Fan Club
Marilyn Monroe's 1952 interview with Parade
Modèle:Imdb name
Modèle:Tcmdb name
Official website
[1] Virtual Tour of Marilyn Monroe's Brentwood Hacienda
Marilyn Monroe's grave site
Marilyn Monroe, Frank Sinatra, Joe DiMaggio and the 1954 "Wrong Door Raid."
Images taken at Niagara Falls during the filming of the movie Niagara Niagara Falls Public Library (Ont.)
Marilyn Monroe Collectibles Feature
Married to Marilyn by Norman Mailer from The New York Review of Books
New York Times, August 6, 1962

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Marilyn Monroe

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James Dougherty

Joe DiMaggio

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The Kennedys

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-{{Voir homonymes|Monroe}}
+{{Infobox actor
-{{Infobox Personnalité du cinéma
+| image = MMONROE1.jpg
-| couleur           = artiste
+| caption = Monroe in a promotional still from 1953<br />Photo by Howard Frank Archives
-| nom               = Marilyn Monroe
+| birthname = Norma Jeane Mortenson
-| image             = Marilyn Monroe (colorized portrait).jpg
+| birthdate = {{birth date|1926|6|1|mf=y}}
-| taille image      = 280px
+| birthplace = [[Los Angeles]], [[California]]
-| légende           =
+| deathdate = {{death date and age|1962|8|5|1926|6|1}}
-| nom de naissance  = Norma Jean Mortensen
+| deathplace = [[Brentwood]], [[Los Angeles]], [[California]]
-| date de naissance = {{date|1er|juin|1926}}
+| restingplace = Corridor of Memories, #24, [[Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery]], [[Los Angeles]], [[California]]
-| lieu de naissance = {{flagicon|USA}} [[Los Angeles]], [[États-Unis]]
+| restingplacecoordinates = {{coord|34.058695|-118.440768|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
-| date de décès     = {{date|5|août|1962}}
+| othername = Norma Jeane Baker
-| lieu de décès     = [[Los Angeles]], [[États-Unis]]
+| occupation = [[actor|actress]], [[Model (person)|model]], [[singer]], [[comedian|comedienne]]
-| nationalité       = {{flagicon|USA}} Américaine
+| yearsactive = [[1947 in film|1947]] - [[1962 in film|1962]]
-| metier            = [[Actrice]]<br /> [[Chanteuse]]<br />[[Mannequin]]
+| spouse = [[James Dougherty]] (June 19, 1942-September 13, 1946) <br> [[Joe DiMaggio]] (January 14, 1954-October 27, 1954) <br> [[Arthur Miller]] (June 29, 1956-January 20, 1961)
-| religion          =
+| website = http://www.marilynmonroe.com/
-| surnom            =
+| goldenglobeawards = '''[[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy|Best Actress - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy]]'''<br>1960 ''[[Some Like It Hot]]''
-| rôle connu        = ''[[Niagara (film, 1953)|Niagara]]'', ''[[Sept Ans de réflexion]]'', ''[[Arrêt d'autobus]]'', ''[[Certains l'aiment chaud]]'', ''[[Les Désaxés (film)|Les Désaxés]]''
-| récompense        =
-| conjoint          = James Dougherty (1942-1946)<br>[[Joe DiMaggio]] (1954-1954)<br>[[Arthur Miller]] (1956-1961)
-| enfant            =
-| site internet          =
 }}
-'''Marilyn Monroe''', née Norma Jean Mortenson, née le {{date|1|juin|1926}} à [[Los Angeles]] en [[Californie]], décédée le {{date|5|août|1962}} à Los Angeles, est une [[actrice]] et [[chanteuse]] [[États-Unis|américaine]] qui parvint à devenir mondialement célèbre au début des [[années 1950]]. Elle est considérée comme une des premières stars [[hollywood]]iennes connues pour leur [[attirance sexuelle]] sans pareil.
-Elle inspira de nombreuses actrices et célébrités comme [[Jayne Mansfield]] ou [[Madonna]] dont quelques-unes essayaient de bénéficier de son énorme succès en imitant sa façon de se présenter en public. En dépit de son immense notoriété, elle resta malheureuse et insatisfaite le long de sa vie. Les causes de sa mort demeurent l'objet de vives spéculations : overdose de somnifère, assassinat.
+'''Marilyn Monroe''' (born '''Norma Jeane Mortenson'''; [[June 1]], [[1926]] &ndash; [[August 5]], [[1962]]), was a [[Golden Globe]] award winning<ref>http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000054/awards</ref> [[United States|American]] [[actor|actress]], [[Model (person)|model]], [[Hollywood]] [[icon]],<ref>http://news.independent.co.uk/people/profiles/article364572.ece</ref> and [[sex symbol]]. She was known for her comedic skills and screen presence. Monroe became one of the most popular movie stars of the 1950s and early 1960s. During the later stages of her career, she worked towards serious roles with a measure of success and her fame surpassed that of any other entertainer of her time.<ref>http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9053433/Marilyn-Monroe</ref>
-==Biographie==
+Her premature death was classified as a "probable suicide."<ref>GRANT ROLLINGS, The curse of the Playmates, ''The Sun'', [[February 12]] [[2007]]</ref>  [[Conspiracy theory|Conspiracy theorists]] and [[Jack Clemmons]], the first LAPD Police officer to arrive at the death scene<ref>Wolfe, Donald H. The Last Days of Marilyn Monroe. (1998) ISBN-10: 0787118079</ref> speculate that she was [[murder|murdered]].<ref>http://carpenoctem.tv/cons/monroe.html</ref>  She is the only woman on the [[Forbes]] top earning dead celebrities list.<ref>http://www.forbes.com/2006/10/20/tech-media_06deadcelebs_cx_pf_top-earning-dead-celebrities_9.html</ref>
-===Enfance et adolescence===
-[[Image:Gentlemen Prefer Blondes Movie Trailer Screenshot (34).jpg|thumb|left|340px|''[[Les Hommes préfèrent les blondes]]'' (1952)]]
-Marilyn Monroe naît le {{1er juin}} [[1926]] à l'hôpital général de [[Los Angeles]] en [[Californie]], sous le nom de Norma Jeane Mortenson. Le prénom Norma fut choisi par sa mère en référence à l'actrice [[Norma Talmadge]]. Plus tard, Marilyn Monroe supprimera le deuxième "e" de "Jeane". Sur le certificat de naissance apparaissent les noms de sa mère, Gladys Pearl et du mari de celle-ci à l'époque, Martin Edward Mortensen (cf. [[#Paternite|Paternité]]). Il est à noter que Monroe est le nom de jeune fille de la mère de Marilyn, que Gladys et Edward vivent déjà séparés au moment de sa naissance et qu'ils divorceront en août 1928.
-Gladys, née le 24 mai [[1900]] au [[Mexique]] de parents [[États-Unis d’Amérique|américains]] sous le nom de Gladys Pearl Monroe, travaille comme [[Montage|monteuse]] dans l'industrie [[cinéma]]tographique et a déjà eu deux enfants d'un premier mariage avec Jack Baker. Elle connaît autant de liaisons sentimentales sans lendemain que de problèmes psychologiques et de santé. Sur une très longue période, elle ne pourra pas s'occuper de sa fille qui sera confiée, entre autres, à des familles d'accueil, ainsi que de ses deux autres enfants.
+==Childhood==
+===Family and early life===
+Marilyn Monroe was born '''Norma Jeane Mortenson'''<ref> [http://www.geocities.com/marilynmonroesplace/birth.jpg Birth Certificate]</ref> in the charity ward of the [[Los Angeles County-USC Medical Center|Los Angeles County Hospital]].<ref name="bio1">http://www.marilynmonroe.com/about/bio.html</ref><ref>http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761552273/Monroe_Marilyn.html</ref> According to biographer Fred Lawrence Guiles, her grandmother, Della Monroe Grainger, had her [[baptism|baptized]] Norma Jeane Baker by [[Aimee Semple McPherson]].<ref name="bio1"/>  She would not legally change her name to Marilyn Monroe until 1956.<ref>http://www.marilynmonroe.com/about/facts.html</ref>
-Norma Jean vit ainsi chez Albert et Ida Bolender à Hawthorne en Californie pendant les sept premières années de sa vie. Dans son autobiographie (cf. [[#Bibliographie|Bibliographie]]), Marilyn mentionne qu'elle ne savait pas qui était cette dame rousse qui lui rendait visite de temps en temps pendant cette période, alors qu'il s'agissait de sa mère Gladys. En 1933, elle peut enfin vivre quelque temps avec elle, à [[Hollywood]]. En 1934, Gladys endure une nouvelle dépression et Norma Jean est placée successivement dans des foyers et dans un [[orphelin]]at. Grace McKee, épouse Goddard, la meilleure amie de Gladys, demande en 1936 à devenir la tutrice de Marilyn, ce qui sera officialisé en 1937. Norma Jean, les années suivantes, va vivre avec les Goddard à Van Nuys en Californie mais également dans un nouvel orphelinat. Cette année-là, elle a été [[Agression sexuelle|agressée sexuellement]] par Ervin Goddard, le mari, ainsi que par son cousin Jack Monroe l'année suivante. La meilleure période de son enfance, elle l'a passée à cette même époque avec Ana Lower, la tante de Grace.
+Her mother was Gladys Pearl Monroe.<ref>[http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&db=ssdi%2c&rank=0&gsfn=Gladys&gsln=Eley&sx=&gs1co=1%2cAll+Countries&gs1pl=1%2c+&year=&yearend=&sbo=0&ufr=0&srchb=r&prox=1&ti=0&ti.si=0&gss=angs-d&o_iid=21416&o_lid=21416&o_it=21416&fh=5&recid=19890451&recoff=1+2 Social Security Death Index] showing "Gladys Eley, last residence Gainesville, Alachua, Florida, Born: [[27 May]] [[1900]], Died: Mar 1984, SSN issued by Oregon (Before 1951)"</ref>  Monroe's birth father was never identified.  For many years it was believed that Gladys's second husband Martin Edward Mortenson (1897-1981) was Monroe's father. His name was listed on her birth certificate.<ref>{{cite news |first= |last= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title= Birth of Marilyn Monroe Shown to Be Legitimate |url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D02E1DC1639F930A25751C0A967948260 |quote= Eighteen years after Marilyn Monroe's death, the widely held belief that the movie star was born illegitimate has been disproved. Authorities say they have found copies of her birth certificate at the home of a dead man they believe was her father. Martin Edward Mortensen, 85 years old, died on Tuesday, apparently of a heart attack, Lisle Ford, a Riverside County coroner's investigator, said. He said that he had found copies of Monroe's birth certificate at Mortensen's apartment, as well as marriage and divorce papers for Mortensen and Gladys Baker, Monroe's mother. The birth certificate states that Marilyn Monroe was born Norma Jean Mortensen on [[June 1]], [[1926]], in [[Los Angeles]]. Her father is listed as Edward Mortensen, address unknown, age 29. Monroe died in Los Angeles on [[August 5]], [[1962]], apparently a suicide from an overdose of [[barbiturate]]s.  |publisher=[[Associated Press]] |date=[[February 13]], [[1981]] |accessdate = 2007-07-21 }}</ref> However this has been disputed with Monroe herself believing a salesman named Charles Stanley Gifford was her father.<ref>http://www.marilyncollector.com/legend/faq.html#father</ref><ref>http://www.guardian.co.uk/netnotes/article/0,,500022,00.html</ref> Whatever the case, Monroe had no father in her life.
-Dès 1938, Norma Jean utilise le nom de famille Baker, du premier mari de Gladys. Marilyn a écrit qu'elle a abandonné la [[puberté]] assez rapidement, vers les douze-treize ans, lorsque son corps a changé, bien en avance sur ses camarades. Elle était une enfant assez solitaire.
+===Foster homes===
+Mentally unstable and unable to care for Monroe, Gladys placed her with [[foster parents]] Albert and Ida Bolender of [[Hawthorne, California|Hawthorne]], [[California]], where she lived until she was seven.<ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A26655555</ref> In her [[autobiography]] ''My Story'', Monroe states she thought Albert was a girl.
-En 1941, elle retourne chez Grace et fait la connaissance de Jim Dougherty, un voisin, ouvrier dans la première usine de [[drone]]s radio-commandés [[Radioplane Company factory]] (créée par l'acteur Hollywoodien [[Reginald Denny]]), de cinq ans son aîné. Grace, afin de se débarrasser de Norma Jean, organise le mariage de celle-ci avec Jim, qui a lieu le 19 juin 1942, soit quelques jours après son seizième anniversaire. Un an plus tard, Jim rejoint les [[US Marine Corps|marines]] et Norma Jean travaille à l'ignifugation des ailes d'avion et l'inspection des [[parachute]]s dans la même usine que son mari.
+One day, Gladys announced that she had bought a house. A few months after they had moved in, Gladys suffered a [[mental breakdown|breakdown]]. In ''My Story'', Monroe recalls her mother "screaming and laughing" as she was forcibly removed to the State Hospital in [[Norwalk, California|Norwalk]].  According to ''My Sister Marilyn'', Gladys's brother, Marion, [[suicide|hanged himself]] upon his release from an asylum, and Della's father did the same in a fit of [[Clinical depression|depression]].
-Ce qu'a relaté Marilyn de sa vie de femme mariée ne correspond en rien aux affirmations que Jim a faites beaucoup plus tard. Alors qu'elle raconte que la sexualité ne l'intéressait pas à cet âge et qu'elle considérait Jim plutôt comme un grand frère, lui s'étend sur l'initiation dont il a fait profiter sa jeune épouse.
+Norma Jeane was declared a [[Ward (legal)|ward of the state]], and Gladys' best friend, Grace McKee (later Goddard) became her [[legal guardian|guardian]]. After McKee married in 1935, Norma Jeane was sent to the Los Angeles Orphans Home (later renamed Hollygrove), and then to a succession of [[foster home]]s.<ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A26655555</ref>
-===Carrière de modèle===
+The Goddards were about to move to the east coast and could not take Monroe. Grace approached the mother of a neighbor boy, [[James Dougherty]], about the possibility of her son marrying the girl. They married weeks after she turned 16, so that Norma Jeane would not have to return to an orphanage or foster care.<ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A26655555</ref>  Monroe stated in her autobiography that she did not feel like a wife; instead she enjoyed playing with the neighborhood children until her husband would call her home for the evening.  The marriage would last until [[1946]] when Monroe decided to pursue her career.
-En 1944, elle rencontre pour la première fois sa demi-sœur Bernice Baker dans le [[Tennessee]] (son demi-frère est décédé).
+==Career==
+===Early years===
+[[Image:MarilynMonroe-YANK1945.jpg|thumb|Mrs. Norma Jeane Dougherty, [[YANK]] Magazine, 1945]]
+While her husband was in the [[Merchant Marine]] during [[World War II]], Norma Jeane Dougherty moved in with her mother-in-law where she started working in the [[OQ-2 Radioplane|Radioplane Company]] factory owned by Hollywood actor [[Reginald Denny (actor)|Reginald Denny]].  Her job required spraying airplane parts with fire retardant and inspecting [[parachute]]s.  Army photographer [[David Conover]] was scouting local factories, taking photos for a [[YANK]] magazine article about women contributing to the war effort. He saw her potential as a [[Model (person)|model]], and she was soon signed by The Blue Book [[modeling agency]]. Shortly after signing with the agency, Monroe had her hair cut, straightened, and lightened to golden blonde. She began taking drama classes and singing classes.<ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A26655555</ref>
-La première [[photo]] quasi professionnelle de Norma Jeane est prise à l'automne 1944 par le photographe David Conover dans le cadre d'une campagne de l'[[armée américaine]] pour illustrer l'implication des femmes dans l'effort de guerre. Tout s'enchaîne ensuite assez rapidement puisque, en quelques mois, elle fait la couverture d'une trentaine de magazines de [[pin-up]]s et commence à se faire connaître comme la ''Mmmmm girl''. Elle éclaircit la couleur de sa chevelure et abandonne son travail pour se consacrer à sa carrière de modèle, notamment auprès de l'agence ''Blue Book Model''. En décembre 1945, elle tourne son premier [[film]] test pour son agence, afin de promouvoir des maillots de bain. Elle partira quelques jours dans le [[Nevada]] et l'[[état de Washington]] avec le photographe André de Dienes pour une session importante de photos.
+She became one of Blue Book's most successful models, appearing on dozens of [[magazine]] covers. In 1946, she came to the attention of talent scout Ben Lyon. He arranged a [[screen test]] for her with [[20th Century Fox]]. She was offered a standard six-month contract with a starting [[salary]] of $125 per week.<ref>http://www.marilynmonroe.com/about/bio2.html</ref>
-Elle et Jim, qui n'ont que peu de contacts en raison de l'éloignement de celui-ci, [[divorce]]nt en 1946. Cette même année pendant quelques mois, elle arrive à prendre avec elle sa maman, mais celle-ci doit repartir assez vite dans une institution spécialisée afin d'être soignée.
+Lyon suggested she adopt Marilyn (after the famous actress [[Marilyn Miller]]) as her stage name, since Norma Jeane was not considered commercial enough.<ref>http://www.netglimse.com/celebs/pages/marilyn_monroe/index.shtml</ref> For her last name, she took her mother's maiden name. Thus, the 20-year-old Norma Jeane Baker became Marilyn Monroe. During her first six months at Fox, Monroe was given no work, but Fox renewed her contract and she was given minor appearances in ''[[Scudda Hoo! Scudda Hay!]]'' and ''[[Dangerous Years]]'', both released in 1947. <ref>http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9053433/Marilyn-Monroe</ref>In ''Scudda Hoo!'', her part was edited out of the film except for a quick glimpse of her face when she speaks two words. Fox decided not to renew her contract. Monroe returned to modelling and began to [[social network|network]] and make contacts in [[Hollywood]]. She posed for nude photographs which were later featured in the first issue of [[Playboy]]<ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A26655555</ref>.
-===Premiers pas au cinéma===
+In 1948, during a six-month stint at [[Columbia Pictures]], she starred in ''[[Ladies of the Chorus]]''. The low-budget musical was not a success and Monroe was dropped yet again. She met one of Hollywood's top agents, [[Johnny Hyde]], who had Fox re-sign her after [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer|MGM]] turned her down. [[Darryl F. Zanuck]], the vice-president of Fox, was not convinced of Monroe's potential, but because of Hyde's persistence, she gained supporting parts in the [[Marx Brothers]] film ''[[Love Happy]]'' (1949), and in Fox's ''[[All About Eve]]'' and MGM's ''[[The Asphalt Jungle]]'' (both 1950). Even though the roles were small, moviegoers as well as critics took notice. <ref>http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9053433/Marilyn-Monroe</ref>Hyde also arranged for her to have minor [[plastic surgery]] on her nose and chin, adding that to earlier dental surgery.<ref>http://www.celebrityplasticpics.com/marilyn_monroe_plastic_surgery.htm</ref><ref>http://marilynmonroepages.com/facts.html#surgery</ref><ref>http://obits.com/monroemarilyn.html</ref><ref>http://www.amazon.com/dp/0812885252/</ref>
-'''1946-47.''' Norma Jean est remarquée par [[Howard Hughes]] qui veut l'engager dans sa société cinématographique, la [[RKO]]. Son agent pour le cinéma estime qu'une autre compagnie est plus importante: elle signe donc son premier contrat le 26 juillet 1946 avec la [[20th Century Fox]], qui sera non renouvelé après deux films. La Fox la renomme '''Marilyn Monroe''', le prénom Marilyn provenant de l'actrice Marilyn Miller et le nom Monroe de sa grand-mère. Elle gagne 75 dollars par semaine pendant 6 mois. C'est à cette époque que son nom apparaît pour la première fois dans la chronique de la célèbre [[:en:Hedda Hopper|Hedda Hopper]]. En mars et en mai 1947, tournages respectifs de ''[[Bagarre pour une blonde]]'' et ''[[Dangerous Years]]''. En 1947, elle monte sur scène ([[théâtre]]) et aurait vécu son premier [[avortement]].
+The next two years were filled with inconsequential roles in standard fare such as ''We're Not Married!'' and ''Love Nest''. However, [[RKO]] executives used her to boost [[box office]] potential of the [[Fritz Lang]] production ''[[Clash by Night]]''. After the film performed well, [[20th Century Fox|Fox]] employed a similar tactic, and she was cast as the ditzy [[receptionist]] with [[Cary Grant]] and [[Ginger Rogers]] in [[Howard Hawks]]'s slapstick comedy ''[[Monkey Business (1952 film)|Monkey Business]]''. Critics no longer ignored her, and both films' success at the [[box office]] was partly attributed to Monroe's growing popularity.
-'''1948-49.''' Elle obtient un nouveau contrat à la [[Columbia Records|Columbia]] et tourne dans ''[[Les reines du music-hall]]'' (tournage: juillet 1948) dans lequel des critiques remarquent ses qualités de chanteuse. Elle rencontre Johnny Hyde, son nouvel agent (à la ''[[:en:William Morris|William Morris Agency]]'') qui va faire beaucoup pour sa carrière. Il occupe dans sa vie non seulement une figure paternelle dont elle avait besoin mais également celle d'amant. Elle joue un tout petit rôle dans ''[[La Pêche au trésor]]'' des [[Marx Brothers]] (février 1949). Sous le nom de Mana Monroe, parce qu'elle a besoin d'argent, elle pose nue pour un calendrier pour le photographe Tom Kelly, photos qui vont faire le tour du monde quelques années plus tard lorsqu'elle sera devenue célèbre (cf. [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe#Nudit.C3.A9_dans_sa_carri.C3.A8re Nudité dans sa carrière]). Autre film marquant: ''[[Quand la ville dort]]'' (octobre 1949).
+Fox finally gave her a starring role in 1952 with ''[[Don't Bother to Knock]]'', in which she portrayed a deranged [[babysitter]] who attacks the little girl in her care. It was a cheaply made [[B-movie]], and although the reviews were mixed, they claimed that it demonstrated Monroe's ability and confirmed that she was ready for more leading roles. Her performance in the film has since been noted as one of the finest of her career.<ref>http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/dont_bother_to_knock</ref>
-'''1950.''' Elle obtient un petit rôle dans ce film très important qu'est ''[[Ève (film)|Ève]]'' (mai 1950). En septembre, ''Photoplay magazine'' fait paraître le premier article de fond sur elle: ''How a star is born?'' (Comment vient de naître une star?), faisant référence au célèbre ''[[:en:A Star Is Born|A Star Is Born]]'' de William A. Wellman (1937). Elle sera à l'écran six fois lors de cette faste année.
+===Stardom===
+[[Image:Monroe sings from the trailer of Niagra 2.jpg|thumb|left|Monroe in ''[[Niagara (1953 film)|Niagara]]'']]
+Monroe proved she could carry a big-budget film when she starred in ''[[Niagara (1953 film)|Niagara]]'' in 1953. Movie critics focused on Monroe's connection with the camera as much as on the sinister plot.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/niagara/ | title = ''Niagara'' (1953)|work = [[Rotten Tomatoes]] | accessdate = 2006-08-01 }}</ref> She played an unbalanced woman planning to murder her husband.
+{{-}}
-'''1951.''' En janvier elle rencontre pour la première fois le [[dramaturge]] [[Arthur Miller]]. Le 29 mars 1951, elle présente le prix du meilleur son que reçoit ''[[Ève (film)|Ève]]'' aux [[Oscars]]; cela sera sa seule apparition à cette remise de prix. En mai 1951, elle signe un contrat de sept ans avec la Fox à 500 dollars par semaine, avec possibilité d'augmentation. Puis s'ensuivent ''[[Nid d'amour]]'' (juin 1951), ''[[Chéri, divorçons]]'' (juillet 1951), ''[[Le démon s'éveille la nuit]]'' (automne). À fin 1951, elle reçoit plus de courrier que certaines stars établies de la Fox. Certains commentateurs de sa vie mentionnent une tentative de [[suicide]] en décembre.
+====Playboy playmate====
+{{Infobox Playboy Playmate
+|name=Marilyn Monroe
+|image-name=
+|caption=
+|month=December 1953
+|birthplace=[[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles]], [[California]]
+|birthdate={{birth date|1926|6|1|mf=y}}
+|bust=35C|waist=22|hips=35
+|height=5 ft 5½ in
+|weight=115 - 120 [[pound (mass)|lb]]
+|preceded=None
+|succeeded=[[Margie Harrison]]
+|pmoy-year=
+|pmoy-preceded=
+|pmoy-succeeded=
+}}
-===Consécration===
+[[Image:Pb1253.jpg|thumb|First issue of ''[[Playboy]]'', featuring a black-and-white photo of Monroe (in a dress) promising inside full-color pictures of her nude.]]
-[[Image:Monroe seen through water in the trailer for Niagara.jpg|thumb|left|280px|''[[Niagara (film, 1953)|Niagara]]'']]
+Around this time, the [[nude]] photos of Monroe began to surface, taken by photographer Tom Kelley during her unemployment. Prints were bought by [[Hugh Hefner]] and, in December 1953, appeared in the first edition of ''[[Playboy]]''. To the dismay of [[20th Century Fox|Fox]], Monroe decided to publicly admit it was indeed her in the pictures. When a journalist asked her what she wore in bed she replied, ''"Chanel no.5"''.<ref name=Marilyn>http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/m/marilyn_monroe.html</ref> When asked what she had on during the photo shoot, she replied, ''"The radio"''.<ref name=Marilyn>http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/m/marilyn_monroe.html</ref>
-'''1952.''' Début 1952, filmage de ''[[Troublez-moi ce soir]]'', son premier grand rôle, puis de ''[[Chérie, je me sens rajeunir]]'' (janvier-février) où elle sera pour la première fois en blonde platine, sa nouvelle image et marque de fabrique. Elle rencontre [[Joe DiMaggio]], légende vivante du [[baseball]], qui vient de prendre sa retraite. En mars éclate l'histoire du calendrier, dont elle se sortira très bien (cf. [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe#Nudit.C3.A9_dans_sa_carri.C3.A8re Nudité dans sa carrière]). 7 avril 1952: première apparition à la une de ''[[Life|Life magazine]]''. Son salaire est augmenté mais n'atteint toujours pas le niveau des stars de la Fox. La presse révèle que sa mère a été patiente dans un hôpital psychiatrique alors que Marilyn avait raconté être orpheline. Pour ''[[Le démon s'éveille la nuit]]'' qui sort cette année, son nom est pour la première fois au-dessus du titre du film. Autres films marquants: ''[[Niagara (film, 1953)|Niagara]]'' (juin), puis ''[[Les hommes préfèrent les blondes]]'' (novembre) pour lequel elle est payée environ 15 000 dollars alors que [[Jane Russell]] reçoit dix fois plus. Après ce film, les deux actrices sont appelées à marquer de leurs mains et chaussures le trottoir en face du ''Grauman's [[Chinese Theater]]'', près du célèbre ''[[Walk of Fame (Hollywood)|Walk of Fame]]'' sur [[Hollywood Boulevard]].
-'''1953'''. Premières pilules pour maintenir sa ligne. ''[[Comment épouser un millionnaire]]'' (mars 1953). Elle touche maintenant 1 500 dollars par semaine alors que des stars n'ayant pas son aura auprès du public en sont à environ 5 000, voire 10 000. ''[[La Rivière sans retour]]'' (août 1953). Elle refuse de tourner dans un film auquel la Fox l'a attachée, ''Pink Tights'', car elle doit y (re)jouer une bête et sexy blonde.
+====A-list actress====
+Over the following months, ''[[Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (film)|Gentlemen Prefer Blondes]]'' and ''[[How to Marry a Millionaire]]'' cemented Monroe's status as an [[A-list]] actress, and she became one of the world's biggest movie stars. The lavish [[Technicolor]] comedy films established Monroe's "dumb blonde" on-screen [[persona]].<ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A26655555</ref>
-[[Image:Marilyn Monroe.jpg|thumb|320px|right|Marilyn Monroe, le [[17 février]] [[1954]].]]
+In ''Gentlemen Prefer Blondes'', Monroe's turn as gold-digging showgirl Lorelei Lee won her rave reviews,<ref>http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/gentlemen_prefer_blondes/</ref> and the scene where she sang "[[Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend]]" has inspired the likes of [[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna]],<ref>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0FDGnAIWpk</ref> [[Kylie Minogue]]<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T10VecAun-Y&feature=PlayList&p=20D3B963FEA3D0B3&index=2 YouTube.com]</ref> and [[Geri Halliwell]]. In the Los Angeles premiere of the film, Monroe and co-star [[Jane Russell]] pressed their foot- and handprints in the cement in the forecourt of [[Grauman's Chinese Theatre]].
-'''1954.''' En janvier, le 14, elle épouse Joe DiMaggio. Le mois suivant, elle va divertir les soldats américains en [[Corée]]. C'est l'époque aussi des premiers somnifères. Elle travaille avec Ben Hecht sur son autobiographie dont elle recevra le premier jet en avril (mais le livre ne paraîtra qu'en 1974 pour la première fois, et très modifié). ''[[La Joyeuse Parade]]'' (mai 1954) pendant lequel elle a ses premières absences pour maladie. Elle confie à sa coach et amie Natasha Lytess que DiMaggio la bat. Elle enregistre des chansons pour la diffusion sur [[vinyle]]s par la [[Radio Corporation of America|RCA]]. 1954 marquera aussi la rencontre avec la famille Strasberg: Lee, le professeur de [[La Méthode (théâtre)|La Méthode]], Paula, sa femme qui deviendra aussi un coach pour Marilyn, et Susan qui joue avec elle dans ce film-ci. ''[[Sept Ans de réflexion]]'' (août 1954). [[Image:Monroe asks a question in The Seven Year Itch trailer 1.jpg|thumb|left|300px|''[[Sept Ans de réflexion]]'' (1955)]]Octobre: divorce avec Joe DiMaggio qui sera officialisé un an plus tard, en octobre 1955; leur union n'aura donc duré que huit mois.
+In ''How to Marry a Millionaire'', Monroe was teamed up with [[Lauren Bacall]] and [[Betty Grable]]. She played a short-sighted dumb blonde, and even though the role was stereotypical, critics took note of her comedic timing.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/how_to_marry_a_millionaire/ | title = ''How to Marry a Millionaire'' (1953)|work = [[Rotten Tomatoes]] | accessdate = 2006-08-01 }}</ref>
-'''1955.''' En janvier, la société ''Marilyn Monroe Productions'' est fondée avec [[Milton Greene]], un photographe de ses amis. Cours à l'''[[Actors Studio|Actors' Studio]]'' de [[Lee Strasberg]]. En mai, elle re-rencontre Arthur Miller. Au 31 décembre, elle signe un nouveau contrat avec la Fox qui lui donne enfin plus de pouvoir: 100 000 dollars par film ainsi que 500 dollars par semaine pour frais divers, regard sur le scénario, le metteur en scène et le chef de la photographie; elle peut jouer dans un nombre égal de films auprès de la concurrence qu'avec la Fox.
+Her next two films, the western ''[[River of No Return]]'' and the musical ''[[There's No Business Like Show Business]]'', were not successful. Monroe tired of the roles that Zanuck assigned her. After completing work on ''[[The Seven Year Itch]]'' in early 1955, she broke her contract and fled Hollywood to study acting with [[Lee Strasberg]] at the [[Actors Studio]] in [[New York]]. <ref>http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9053433/Marilyn-Monroe</ref>Fox would not accede to her contract demands and insisted she return to work on productions she considered inappropriate, such as ''The Girl in Pink Tights'' (which was never filmed), ''The Girl in the Red Velvet Swing'', and ''How to Be Very, Very Popular''.
-[[Image:Bus Stop trailer screenshot 5.jpg|thumb|right|260px|''[[Arrêt d'autobus]]'']]
-'''1956.''' En mars 1956, elle change officiellement son nom de Norma Jeane Mortenson en Marilyn Monroe. ''[[Arrêt d'autobus]]'' (printemps). Mariage en juin avec [[Arthur Miller]] qui a divorcé de sa femme Mary quelques mois auparavant et vient de témoigner devant la commission des activités anti-américaines sans révéler de noms de communistes. ''[[Le Prince et la danseuse]]'' (août 1956), pendant lequel on lui annonce qu'elle est enceinte; elle fera une fausse couche. Quelques mois plus tard, en 57, cette situation se répètera. C'est aussi en cette année qu'elle aurait eu une [[Coup d'un soir|aventure d'un soir]] à l'Hôtel [[Beverly Wilshire]] avec [[Elvis Presley]], 10 ans son cadet, selon les dires de l'ancien agent du rocker [[Byron Raphael]] à une entrevue au ''[[New York Post]]'', il aurait gardé le secret depuis 50 ans pour ne pas nuire à leurs carrières respectives.
-'''1957'''. Elle commence à voir presque tous les jours un [[Psychiatrie|psychiatre]] , plusieurs psychanalystes dont [[Anna Freud]] et [[Ralph Greenson]].
+====''Maryiln Monroe Productions''====
+Once in New York Monroe set up her own production company ''Maryiln Monroe Productions'' with fashion photographer [[Milton H. Greene]].
-'''1958'''. Sa santé se détériore: elle prend du poids, boit, devient irascible. Elle refuse plusieurs films mais accepte ''[[Certains l'aiment chaud]]'', tourné dès août. Une surdose de somnifères l'amène à l'hôpital en septembre. Marilyn tombe de nouveau enceinte, ce qui se solde par une nouvelle fausse couche.
+As ''The Seven Year Itch'' raced to the top of the box office in the summer of 1955, and with Fox starlets [[Jayne Mansfield]] and [[Sheree North]] failing to click with audiences, Zanuck admitted defeat and Monroe returned to Hollywood. A new contract was drawn up, giving Monroe approval of the director as well as the option to act in other studios' projects.
-'''1959'''. Contrat signé pour un film qui ne débutera que l'année suivante.
+The first film to be made under the contract and production company was ''[[Bus Stop (film)|Bus Stop]]'', directed by [[Joshua Logan]]. She played Chérie,<ref>http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1003296-bus_stop/</ref> a saloon bar singer who falls in love with a cowboy. Monroe deliberately appeared badly made-up and unglamorous.
+She was nominated for a [[Golden Globe]] for the performance and was praised by critics. <ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A26655555</ref>[[Bosley Crowther]] of ''[[The New York Times]]'' proclaimed: "Hold on to your chairs, everybody, and get set for a rattling surprise. Marilyn Monroe has finally proved herself an actress." In his autobiography, ''Movie Stars, Real People and Me'', director Joshua Logan wrote: "I found Marilyn to be one of the great talents of all time... She struck me as being a much brighter person than I had ever imagined, and I think that was the first time I learned that intelligence and, yes brilliance have nothing to do with education."
-'''1960.''' ''[[Le Milliardaire]]'' (début 1960) et liaison avec [[Yves Montand]]. Marilyn voit son nouveau psychiatre, le Dr Ralph Greenson, quasi tous les jours: il exerce une influence marquée sur sa patiente. Au début de l'année, elle rencontre [[John F. Kennedy]] qu'elle connaissait déjà depuis 1954 ou 55. ''[[Les Désaxés]]'' (juillet) qui a été écrit pour elle par Arthur Miller. Elle vit une nouvelle surdose et un nouveau séjour à l'hôpital. La séparation avec Miller est constatée.
+[[Image:Marilyn Monroe, The Prince and the Showgirl, 1.jpg|thumb|Monroe in a promotional still for ''[[The Prince and the Showgirl]]'', 1957.]]
+The second movie filmed under her production company was ''[[The Prince and the Showgirl]]'' co-starring [[Laurence Olivier]]. Olivier, who directed the movie, said Monroe was "a brilliant comedienne, which to me means she is also an extremely skilled actress"<ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A26655555</ref>
+However, he became furious at her habit of being late to the set, as well as her dependency on her drama coach [[Paula Strasberg]]. Monroe's performance was hailed by critics, especially in Europe, where she was handed the [[David di Donatello]], the Italian equivalent of the [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]], as well as the French Crystal Star Award. She was also nominated for the British [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts|BAFTA]] award.
-'''1961.''' Le divorce est prononcé en janvier. Elle se fait interner dans un hôpital mais passe par erreur quelques jours dans la section psychiatrique, où DiMaggio doit venir la délivrer. Elle et DiMaggio continuent à passer beaucoup de temps ensemble. Elle fait la connaissance de [[Robert Kennedy]]. Elle subit par ailleurs sa sixième opération d'ordre gynécologique (sur plusieurs années) due à des complications diverses. Marilyn rencontre sa demi-sœur, voit beaucoup [[Frank Sinatra]], a ses premières discussions pour son prochain film, et passe le nouvel an avec DiMaggio.
+===Later years===
+In 1959, she scored the biggest hit of her career starring alongside [[Jack Lemmon]] and [[Tony Curtis]] in [[Billy Wilder]]'s ''[[Some Like It Hot]]''. After shooting finished, Wilder publicly blasted Monroe for her difficult on-set behavior. Soon, however, Wilder's attitude softened, and he hailed her as a great comedienne. ''Some Like It Hot'' is consistently rated as one of the best films ever made.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/some_like_it_hot/ | title = ''Some Like It Hot'' (1959) | work = [[Rotten Tomatoes]]|accessdate = 2006-08-01 }}</ref> Monroe's performance earned her a Golden Globe for best actress in musical or comedy.
-===L'année 1962===
+After ''Some Like It Hot'', Monroe shot ''[[Let's Make Love]]'' directed by [[George Cukor]] and co-starring [[Yves Montand]]. Monroe was forced to shoot the picture because of her obligations to Twentieth Century-Fox. While the film was not a commercial or critical success, it included one of Monroe's legendary musical numbers, [[Cole Porter]]'s "My Heart Belongs to Daddy".
-'''1962.''' En janvier, elle acquiert ce qui sera sa dernière demeure, à [[Brentwood]] dans les environs de Los Angeles. Elle vit des allers-retours entre son médecin Greenson et DiMaggio ainsi qu'un coma dû à des [[barbiturique]]s, tout cela alors qu'un nouveau film se met en place. En effet, en mai 1962 ont lieu les premières prises pour ''[[Something's Got to Give]]'', tournage pendant lequel elle s'annonce très souvent en arrêt maladie. Pour ce film, elle reçoit 100 000 dollars alors qu'il semble que [[George Cukor]] (le réalisateur) et [[Dean Martin]] (co-star) vont toucher chacun 300 000 dollars, alors qu'elle est, à ce moment, la plus grande star de l'époque, la presse étrangère lui ayant décerné ce prix à Los Angeles quelques semaines auparavant. Marilyn<ref> C'est le célèbre épisode sensuel du {{citation|''Happy Birthday, Mister Président''}}. La robe fourreau qu'elle portait ce jour là, en gaze de soie blanche et strass cousue à même son corps, a été vendue en [[octobre 1999]] pour 1,3 M$ lors de la dispersion à New York des objets de la star.</ref> se déplace à [[New York]] pour l'anniversaire de [[JFK]] ce qui ne plaît ni à la Fox ni à [[Jacqueline Kennedy]] qui annule sa venue à la fête de son mari.
+[[Arthur Miller]] wrote what became her and her co-star [[Clark Gable]]'s last completed film, ''[[The Misfits (film)|The Misfits]]''. The exhausting shoot took place in the hot [[Nevada]] desert. Monroe, Gable and [[Montgomery Clift]] delivered performances that are considered excellent by contemporary movie critics.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/misfits | title = ''The Misfits'' (1961) | work = Rotten Tomatoes|accessdate = 2006-08-01 }}</ref>  Tabloid magazines blamed Gable's death of a [[myocardial infarction|heart attack]] on Monroe, claiming she had given him a hard time on the set. Gable, however, insisted on doing his own stunts and was a heavy smoker. After Gable's death, Monroe attended the baptism of his son.
-Le 1{{er}} juin, le jour de son 36{{e}} anniversaire, elle est présente sur le plateau, où une fête est organisée en fin de journée en son honneur : ce sera sa dernière apparition professionnelle. Le 7, la Fox la renvoie du tournage. Cependant, des négociations sont immédiatement engagées : le 20, la Fox annonce la reprise du tournage sous peu. Marilyn, dans le cadre d'une campagne de [[relations publiques]] pour restaurer son image auprès du grand public, permet des séances photo avec plusieurs photographes de premier plan et des interviews avec de grands magazines. DiMaggio et elle parlent remariage et une date est arrêtée au 8 août 1962. D'autres projets de films sont discutés et lancés autour de Marilyn, comme ''I Love Louisa'' et ''The Jean Harlow Story''. La dernière semaine de sa vie va être riche en ordonnances pour des [[somnifère]]s prescrites par deux médecins au moins...
+In 1961, some of the most famous photographs of Monroe were taken by [[Douglas Kirkland]] as a feature for the 25th anniversary issue of ''[[Look (American magazine)|LOOK]]'' magazine.
-Le vendredi 3 août est consacré à de nombreux appels téléphoniques professionnels et privés, rencontres avec son psy, avec son amie Pat Newcomb. Le samedi est identique : téléphones, travail dans le jardin, avec le Dr Greenson, balade sur la plage avec l'acteur [[Peter Lawford]], beau-frère des Kennedy. Elle a été observée sous influence de [[tranquillisant]]s et autres... À 19h45, elle a encore une conversation téléphonique avec Lawford où elle semble déprimée et confuse. Il rappelle plus tard mais la ligne est en dérangement, alors il opère plusieurs appels à des proches pour la joindre tout de même. Mme Murray, la femme-à-tout-faire qui vivait avec elle - engagée à la demande du Dr Greenson, sans aucune compétence, et, partant, soupçonnée d'avoir été une espionne à la solde du docteur - indique qu'elle va bien : il est alors 20h30. L'auteur David Spoto pense qu'à ce moment, Marilyn est déjà morte ou en train de mourir d'overdose.
+Monroe returned to Hollywood to resume filming on the George Cukor comedy ''[[Something's Got to Give]]'', a never-finished film that has become legendary for problems on the set and proved a costly debacle for Fox. In May 1962, she made her last significant public appearance, singing ''[[Happy Birthday, Mr. President]]'' at a televised birthday party for [[President of the United States|President]] [[John F. Kennedy]].
-C'est à partir de cet instant que les versions diffèrent : qui est venu ? quand ? pourquoi ? qui a averti ? Et, surtout, à quel moment Marilyn est-elle morte exactement ? La police arrive chez elle à 4h35, le dimanche 5 août 1962, et Marilyn, nue, couchée dans son lit, est morte. Deux des proches médecins sont pourtant déjà sur place. Le mystère ne fait que alors commencer...<ref>Cf. [[#Incertitudes|Incertitudes autour de sa mort]].</ref>
+After shooting what was claimed to have been the first ever nude scene by a major motion picture actress, Monroe's attendance on the set became even more erratic. On [[June 1]], her thirty-sixth birthday, she attended a charity event at Dodger Stadium.
-Le 6 août, DiMaggio réclame, avec la demi-sœur de Marilyn, le corps de Marilyn et organise, pour le 8 août, des [[funérailles]] privées, auxquelles seules 24 personnes, triées sur le volet, sont conviées.
+Financially strained by the production costs of ''[[Cleopatra]]'', starring [[Elizabeth Taylor]], Fox dropped Monroe from the film and replaced her with [[Lee Remick]]. However, co-star [[Dean Martin]], who had a clause in his contract giving him an approval over his co-star, was unwilling to work with anyone but Monroe. She was rehired.<ref>http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0308/05/lkl.00.html</ref>
-Marilyn, qui avait tourné dans 30 films, avait 36 ans.
+Monroe conducted a lengthy interview with ''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]'', in which she expressed how bitter she was about Hollywood labeling her as a dumb blonde and how much she loved her audience.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.marilyn-monroe-memorabilia.com/marilyninterview.htm | title = Marilyn Monroe's Last Interview | first = Richard | last = Meryman | date=  1962|accessdate = 2006-08-01 }}</ref>  She also did a photo shoot for ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]'' and began discussing a future film project with [[Gene Kelly]] and [[Frank Sinatra]], according to the Donald Spoto biography.
-==Autour de Marilyn==
+She was planning to star in a [[biopic]] of [[Jean Harlow]] as well as starring alongside [[Jack Lemmon]] in ''[[Irma La Douce]]'', a Billy Wilder comedy that eventually starred  [[Shirley MacLaine]]. <ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A26655555</ref>Other projects under consideration were ''[[What a Way to Go!]]'' (in which [[Shirley MacLaine]] replaced her), ''[[Kiss Me, Stupid]]'', a comedy starring [[Dean Martin]] and [[Kim Novak]], and a musical version of ''A Tree Grows In Brooklyn''.<ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A26655555</ref>
-===Nudité dans sa carrière===
-[[Image:Marilyn by Bottelho.jpg|thumb|230px|Marilyn Monroe by [[w:Bottelho|Bottelho]]]]En mai [[1949]], alors qu'elle boucle difficilement son budget, Marilyn pose nue pour un calendrier mural (connu sous le nom de calendrier « Golden dreams », rêves dorés, à savoir les célèbres photographies sur un fond de velours rouge) pour la somme de cinquante dollars.<br/>La poste américaine estima qu'il avait un caractère pornographique et en interdit la diffusion dans certains États. Une version retouchée est alors apparue avec des vêtements dessinés sur la photo originale.
+Before the shooting of ''Something's Got to Give'' resumed, Monroe was found dead in her Los Angeles home on the morning of [[August 5]], [[1962]]. She remains one of the 20th century's legendary public figures and archetypal [[Hollywood]] [[movie star]]s.
-En [[1952]], alors qu'elle bénéficie déjà d'une notoriété certaine, cela est découvert par la presse et crée un petit scandale dont Marilyn se sort très bien en mettant en avant le besoin dans lequel elle se trouvait financièrement ; en décembre [[1953]], quelques-unes de ces photos apparaissent dans le premier numéro du magazine ''[[Playboy]]'', [[Hugh Hefner]], l'éditeur ayant racheté les clichés.
+{{Listeninbrowser| filename=HappybdMMmp3.ogg | title=''Happy Birthday, Mr. President'' | description=Marilyn Monroe's performance of the song}}
-Il y a également eu longtemps la rumeur que Marilyn avait joué, pour de semblables raisons pécuniaires à celle du calendrier, dans des films érotiques ou pornographiques, un [[blue movie]] intitulé ''Apple Knockers and the Coke Bottle'' (littéralement ''Les pommes amortisseurs et la bouteille de coca'') et des photos ont même été présentées dans des magazines érotiques dans le monde entier. En [[1982]], le magazine [[Playboy]] a infirmé cette croyance en précisant que l'actrice de ce film était une ancienne playmate de [[1954]], Arlene Hunter (aussi orthographiée Arline), une blonde qui ressemblait assez à Marilyn jeune, il est vrai.
+==Marriages and Relationships==
+===James Dougherty===
+Monroe married [[James Dougherty]] on [[June 19]], [[1942]]. In ''The Secret Happiness of Marilyn Monroe'' and ''To Norma Jeane with Love, Jimmie'', he claimed they were in love, but dreams of stardom lured her away. In 1953 he wrote a piece called "Marilyn Monroe Was My Wife" for ''[[Photoplay]]'', in which he claimed that he left her.
+In the 2004 [[documentary film|documentary]] ''Marilyn's Man'', Dougherty made three new claims: he was her [[Svengali]] and invented the "Marilyn Monroe" persona, studio executives forced her to divorce him, and that he was her only true love.
-En 1962, Marilyn Monroe participe à son dernier shooting. Contactée par le celèbre photographe Bert Stern, elle arrive au rendez-vous (dans une magnifique suite d'un grand hôtel de New York) avec quatre heures de retard, mais une fois arrivée, elle pose pendant plus de douze heures d'affilée. Le résultat est magnifique: plus 1500 photos, dont les plus connues sont les "nues" où Marilyn montre une beauté extrêmement moderne. Les photos sont toujours exposées tous les ans aux quatre coins de la planète.(Récemment: La dernière Séance au musée Maillol à Paris 2006)
+He remarried in 1947. The [[August 6]], [[1962]] ''[[New York Times]]'' reported that, on being informed of her death, he replied "I'm sorry," and continued his [[Los Angeles Police Department|LAPD]] patrol. He did not attend Monroe's [[funeral]].
-<span id="Paternite">
+His sister wrote in the December 1952 ''[[Modern Screen Magazine]]'' that Dougherty left Monroe because she wanted to pursue modeling. He admitted to [[A&E Network]] that his mother asked him to marry her and told [[Lifetime Television|Lifetime]] in 1996 that he cut off her allotment after being served with divorce papers.
-=== Paternité ===
+===Joe DiMaggio===
-</span>
+In 1951, [[Joe DiMaggio]] saw a picture of Monroe with two [[Chicago White Sox]] players but did not ask the man who arranged the stunt to set up a [[Courtship|date]] until 1952. She wrote in ''My Story'' that she did not want to meet him, fearing a [[Stereotype|stereotypical]] [[jock (subculture)|jock]]. They [[elope]]d at [[San Francisco, California|San Francisco]]'s [[City Hall]] on [[January 14]], [[1954]]. During the [[honeymoon]], they visited [[Japan]], and she was asked to visit [[Korea]]. She performed ten shows over four days in freezing temperatures for over 100,000 servicemen. Biographers have noted that DiMaggio, who stayed in Japan, was not pleased with his wife's decision during what he wanted to be an intimate trip.
-Un des grands mystères de la vie de Marilyn est l'identité de son père. La mère de Marilyn, Gladys Baker, ou Gladys Mortenson, ou Mortensen, était une femme instable et fragile, née Gladys Pearl Monroe le 24 mai [[1900]] à C.P. Diaz au [[Mexique]]. Gladys a un temps travaillé comme monteuse à la [[RKO]], dans l'industrie cinématographique. On sait peu de chose de son premier mari si ce n'est qu'il se nommait Jack Baker et qu'il a été le père de deux enfants de Gladys : Hermitt Jack (24 janvier [[1918]]-années 1920, mort de [[tuberculose]]) et Bernice (30 juillet [[1919]]-?, connue comme Bernice Miracle), les demi-frère et demi-sœur de Marilyn donc. À la naissance de Norma Jeane, Jack avait disparu depuis longtemps et Gladys a probablement alors entretenu diverses liaisons. C'est là que le père de Marilyn intervient : selon les biographes et spécialistes de Marilyn et selon ce qu'elle-même en a (peu) su et dit, deux possibilités coexistent :
+[[Image:MMONROE2.jpg|thumb|right||Marilyn Monroe and [[Joe DiMaggio]] in an undated photo. Photo:Howard Frank Archives.{{unverifiedimage}}]]
-* Martin Edward Mortenson, ou Mortensen : second mari de Gladys (mariage le 11 octobre [[1924]]), un boulanger né en Norvège en [[1897]] où il a abandonné femme et (trois) enfants pour se rendre aux [[États-Unis]]. Rapidement il quitta aussi Gladys et se tua dans un accident de moto le 18 juin [[1929]] en [[Ohio]]. Mais cela n'est pas aussi simple que cela : selon la littérature, un autre Martin Edward Mortenson est décédé en [[Californie]] en [[1981]], lequel clamait être le père de Marilyn et possédait une copie de son certificat de naissance. Sur le certificat de naissance de Marilyn, le nom du père mentionné est Edward Mortenson, ainsi que sur le certificat de mariage avec DiMaggio.
+Back home, she wrote him a letter about her dreams for their future, dated [[February 28]], [[1954]]:
-* C. Stanley Gifford : il a été l'amant de Gladys entre [[1925]] et [[1926]] alors qu'ils étaient collègues de travail. Leur liaison s'est terminée lorsque Gladys lui a annoncé être enceinte. Marilyn pensait qu'il était son père et a essayé d'entrer en contact avec lui à plusieurs reprises, sans succès ; plus tard, c'est lui qui lui a écrit et téléphoné à quelques années d'intervalle, sans succès également : elle aurait commenté qu'"il était trop tard".
-=== Mariages et maris ===
+{{quote|''"My Dad, I don't know how to tell you just how much I miss you. I love you till my heart could burst... I want to just be where you are and be just what you want me to be... I want someday for you to be proud of me as a person and as your wife and as the mother of the rest of your children (two at least! I've decided)..."''<ref>{{cite news | title = JOE'S BID-NESS: DiMaggio's granddaughters are selling off their memorabilia | first = John | last = Shea | publisher = San Francisco Chronicle | url = http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2006/05/17/SPGLFIT1GH1.DTL | date = [[2006-05-17]] | accessdate = 2006-08-01 }}</ref>|Marilyn Monroe}}
-Elle se maria trois fois :
+DiMaggio biographer Maury Allen quoted [[New York Yankees]] PR man Arthur Richman that DiMaggio told him everything went wrong from the trip to Japan on. On [[September 14]], [[1954]], Monroe filmed the iconic skirt-blowing scene for ''[[The Seven Year Itch]]'' in front of New York's [[Trans-Lux]] Theater. Bill Kobrin, then Fox's east coast correspondent, told the [[June 26]], [[2006]] ''[[Palm Springs, California|Palm Springs]] Desert Sun'' that it was [[Billy Wilder]]'s idea to turn it into a media circus: "... every time her dress came up and the crowd started to get excited, DiMaggio just blew up." The couple later had a "yelling battle" in the theater lobby.<ref>{{cite news | title = Meet Marilyn Monroe photographer Saturday | url = http://www.thedesertsun.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060626/UPDATE/60626018 | first = Denise | last = Goolsby | publisher = The Desert Sun | date = [[2006-06-26]]|accessdate = 2006-08-01 }}</ref> She filed for divorce on grounds of [[mental cruelty]] 274 days after the wedding.
-* juin [[1942]]-septembre [[1946]] : elle se marie lorsqu'elle a 16 ans avec [[James Dougherty]] ([[1921]]-[[2005]]), voisin et élève dans la même école secondaire qu'elle.
-[[Image:Joe DiMaggio, Marilyn Monroe and Tstsuzo Inumaru.jpg|thumb|right|230px|Joe DiMaggio et Marilyn Monroe]]
-* janvier [[1954]]-octobre [[1954]] : elle se marie avec le célèbre joueur de [[base-ball]] [[Joe DiMaggio]] ([[1914]]-[[1999]]). Malgré leur divorce, ils furent très proches l'un de l'autre jusqu'au décès de Marilyn. DiMaggio, selon la légende, était resté amoureux d'elle jusqu'à la fin de sa vie, en mars [[1999]]. Ses dernières paroles, selon son conseiller Morris Engelberg, auraient été « I'll finally get to see Marilyn » (« Je vais enfin revoir Marilyn »)
-* juin [[1956]]-janvier [[1961]] : elle se marie enfin avec le dramaturge [[Arthur Miller]] ([[1915]]-[[2005]]) qui écrit pour elle le scenario du film ''[[Les Désaxés]]''.
-Un quatrième mariage aurait été contracté avec un certain Robert Slatzer ([[1927]]-[[2005]]), qui a écrit avoir été l'ami et l'amant de Marilyn sur une assez longue période. Selon lui – car il semble que les amis de Marilyn ne l'aient pas connu –, Robert Slatzer, à cette époque journaliste, aurait été uni à l'actrice quelques jours, en octobre 1952. Mais cette union reste vraiment sujette à caution en raison de l'absence de tout document officiel - Slatzer déclarera, plus tard, que le mariage avait été annulé sous la pression des studios américains - et en raison d'un chèque signé de la main de Marilyn, le 4 octobre 1952, dans une boutique de luxe de Los Angeles, et qui invalide fortement les propos de Slatzer.
+Years later, she turned to him for help. In [[February]] [[1961]], her [[psychiatrist]] arranged for her to be admitted to the [[Payne Whitney Psychiatric Clinic]], where, according to Donald Spoto, she was placed in the ward for the most seriously disturbed. Unable to check herself out, she called DiMaggio, who secured her release. She later joined him in [[Florida]]. Their "just good friends" claim did not stop rumors of remarriage. Archive footage shows [[Bob Hope]] jokingly dedicating [[Academy Award for Best Song|Best Song]] nominee ''The Second Time Around'' to them at the 1960 [[Academy Awards]] telecast. The two conceived a child, but it was [[stillborn]].
-=== Vie amoureuse ===
+According to Maury Allen, on [[August 1]], [[1962]], DiMaggio &mdash; alarmed by how his ex-wife had fallen in with people such as [[Frank Sinatra]] and his "[[Rat Pack]]" &mdash; quit his job with a [[List of U.S. Army acronyms and expressions|PX]] supplier to ask her to remarry him.
-Comme Marilyn s'est souvent confiée à des proches. La liste de ses amants a pu être ainsi quasiment reconstituée et est devenue pour ainsi dire publique. Parmi les amants les plus connus, on trouve [[Marlon Brando]] - qui a toujours refusé de s'exprimer au sujet de Marilyn -, [[Charlie Chaplin Jr.]] - le fils de Charlot -, [[Sammy Davis Jr.]], [[André de Diènes]], [[Howard Hughes]], [[Elia Kazan]], [[John F. Kennedy]], [[Robert Kennedy]], [[Yves Montand]], [[Frank Sinatra]], [[Elvis Presley]]. Bien évidemment tout cela est sujet à caution, mais appartient à la légende.
+After her death, he claimed her body and arranged her funeral, barring Hollywood's elite. For 20 years, he had a dozen red [[rose]]s delivered to her crypt three times a week. Unlike her other two husbands, he never talked about her publicly, wrote a tell-all, or remarried.
-=== Sépulture ===
+===Arthur Miller===
-[[Image:Sépulture Monroe.jpg|250px|thumb|Sépulture murale de Marilyn Monroe au cimetière Westwood Memorial Park]]
+[[Image:Miller and Monroe.jpg|left|thumb|Miller and Monroe at a press conference after their wedding]]
-Le corps de Marilyn repose à [[Los Angeles]], au cimetière Westwood Memorial Park, où se trouvent également les tombes d'une trentaine d'autres célébrités. [http://www.seeing-stars.com/Maps/PierceBrosMap.shtml Carte du cimetière]
+On [[June 29]], [[1956]], Monroe married playwright [[Arthur Miller]], whom she first met in 1951, in a civil ceremony in [[White Plains, New York|White Plains]], [[New York]]. City Court Judge Seymour Robinowitz presided over the hushed ceremony in the law office of Sam Slavitt (the wedding had been kept secret from both the press and the public). In reflecting on his courtship of Monroe, Miller wrote, "She was a whirling light to me then, all paradox and enticing mystery, street-tough one moment, then lifted by a lyrical and poetic sensitivity that few retain past early adolescence". <ref>Arthur Miller, ''Timebends'', 1987, New York, Grove Press, p. 359, ISBN 0-8021-0015-5</ref> Nominally raised as a [[Christian]], she converted to [[Judaism]] before marrying Miller. After she finished shooting ''[[The Prince and the Showgirl]]'' with [[Laurence Olivier]], the couple returned to the United States from England and discovered she was pregnant. However, she suffered from [[endometriosis]], and the pregnancy was found to be [[Ectopic pregnancy|ectopic]]. A subsequent pregnancy ended in [[miscarriage]].
-<span id="Incertitudes">
+Miller's screenplay for ''[[The Misfits (film)|The Misfits]]'', a story about a despairing divorcée, was meant to be a [[St. Valentine's Day|Valentine]] gift for his wife, but by the time filming started in 1960 their marriage was beyond repair. A [[Mexican divorce]] was granted on [[January 24]], [[1961]]. On [[February 17]], [[1962]], Miller married [[Inge Morath]], one of the [[Magnum Photos|Magnum]] photographers recording the making of ''The Misfits''.
-=== Incertitudes autour de sa mort ===
+In [[January]] [[1964]], Miller's play ''[[After the Fall (play)|After The Fall]]'' opened, featuring a beautiful and devouring shrew named Maggie. The similarities between Maggie and Monroe did not go unnoticed by audiences and critics (including [[Helen Hayes]]).{{Fact|date=September 2007}} [[Simone Signoret]] noted in her autobiography the morbidity of Miller and [[Elia Kazan]] resuming their professional association "over a casket". In interviews and in his autobiography, Miller insisted that Maggie was not based on Monroe. However, he never pretended that his last [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]]-bound work, ''[[Finishing the Picture]]'', was not based on the making of ''The Misfits''. He appeared in the documentary ''[[The Century of the Self]]'' lamenting the psychological work being done on her before her death.
-</span>
-Marilyn commence, en [[1962]], le tournage de ''Something’s Got To Give'' de [[George Cukor]]. Ce tournage est interrompu en juin 1962, Marilyn est trop épuisée physiquement et ne peut continuer. Elle sera contrainte ainsi que [[Dean Martin]] son partenaire (qui prend sa défense) à payer des dommages et intérêts à la Fox pour rupture de contrat. Marilyn organise une campagne publicitaire et obtient le renouvellement du contrat le 1 août 1962. En échange d'honoraires dignes de la star qu'elle était, elle s'engage à renvoyer Paula Strasberg, son coach. On s'attendait à la reprise du tournage de "Something's Got To Give" le plus vite possible.
+==The Kennedys==
+It has been claimed that Monroe was involved with either [[Robert Kennedy]], [[John F. Kennedy]], or both.<ref>http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0308/05/lkl.00.html</ref>  Jeanne Carmen, who claims to have been a friend of Monroe's, has said she dated both, though she only loved Robert.  Carmen also believes at least one of the Kennedys was responsible for her death.<ref>http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0308/05/lkl.00.html</ref> Baseball legend Joe DiMaggio had told both his son and attorney that "The Kennedy's killed her."<ref>Engelberg, Morris. DiMaggio, Setting the record straight, page 281, (2003), ISBN 0-7603-1482-9</ref>
-Très instable psychologiquement, dans la nuit du [[4 août|4]] au [[5 août]], elle décède. Les vraies raisons de son décès restent aujourd'hui encore l'objet de polémiques.
+==Death and aftermath==
+{{main|Death of Marilyn Monroe}}
+[[LAPD]] police sergeant [[Jack Clemmons]] received a call at 4:25AM on [[August 5]], [[1962]] from Dr. Hyman Engelberg proclaiming that Marilyn Monroe was dead at her home in [[Brentwood, Los Angeles, California]]. Sergeant Clemmons was the first Police officer to arrive at the death scene.<ref>Wolfe, Donald H. The Last Days of Marilyn Monroe. (1998) ISBN-10: 0787118079</ref> Many questions remain unanswered about the circumstances of her death and the time-line Monroe's body was found.
-La légende dit qu'elle s'est mise dans une dernière position de dame rebelle et sexy, puis s'est endormie avec un verre de whisky, et qu'elle mourut dans la nuit.
+The official cause of her death was classified as a case of "acute barbiturate poisoning" by Dr. [[Thomas Noguchi]] of the Los Angeles County Coroners office. Her death was classified as "probable suicide",<ref>GRANT ROLLINGS, The curse of the Playmates, ''The Sun'', [[February 12]] [[2007]]</ref> but because of a lack of evidence they could not classify her death as suicide or homicide. Also, some conspiracy theories involve John and [[Robert Kennedy]] with her untimely death.
-Le rapport du médecin-légiste de [[Los Angeles]] parle de suicide probable, dû à une overdose de [[barbiturique]]s.
+On [[August 8]], [[1962]], Monroe was interred in a crypt at Corridor of Memories, #24, at the [[Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery]] in [[Westwood, Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles, California]]. [[Lee Strasberg]] delivered the [[eulogy]].
-Selon le romancier [[États-Unis|américain]] [[Norman Mailer]], Marilyn aurait été victime d'un complot ourdi par le [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|F.B.I.]] et la [[Central Intelligence Agency|C.I.A.]] dans le but d'accumuler des preuves contre les Kennedy. L'écrivain en fait la première victime d'une série d'assassinats politiques incluant les Kennedy, [[Malcolm X]] et [[Martin Luther King]].
+Over 40 years after her death [[Forbes.com]] compiled a survey titled "Highest-Earning Dead Celebrities," which compared the money the celebrities' estates earn annually from sales. Monroe ranked 9th, as the only woman on the list.
-Selon [[Anthony Summers]], qui enquêta sur sa mort, à tous les échelons des intimes et du pouvoir ([[Robert Kennedy]], alors ministre de la Justice, était, dit-on, l'amant de l'actrice), on s'employa à faire du suicide volontaire ou involontaire de Marilyn quelque chose d'inévitable.
+===Administration of estate===
+In her [[will (legal)|will]], Monroe left [[Lee Strasberg]] 75 percent of the residuary of the estate. She expressed her desire that Strasberg, or, if he predeceased her, her executor, "distribute [her personal effects] among my friends, colleagues and those to whom I am devoted."<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.courttv.com/archive/legaldocs/newsmakers/wills/monroe.html | title =  The Will of Marilyn Monroe|work = [[Court TV]] | accessdate = 2006-08-01 }}</ref>
-D'après [[Don Wolfe]] (''Marilyn Monroe, Enquête sur un assassinat'', 1998), Marilyn Monroe a été assassinée. Cette version impliquerait [[Robert Kennedy]] et tout un ensemble de  proches de l'actrice qui se seraient tus pendant des années.
+Strasberg willed his portion to his widow, Anna. She declared she would never sell Monroe's personal items after successfully suing Odyssey Auctions in 1994 to prevent the sale of items which were withheld by Monroe's former business manager, Inez Melson. However, in [[October 1999]] [[Christie's]] auctioned the bulk of the items Monroe willed to Strasberg, netting [[US$]]12.3 million.
-Selon [[Donald Spoto]], l'un de ses biographes les plus fiables, Marilyn est décédée à la suite d'une erreur médicale. On lui aurait administré un lavement à l'hydrate de chloral (le chloral lui permettait de dormir) alors qu'elle avait absorbé, préalablement, du Nembutal. Le mélange de ces deux substances peut, paraît-il, s'avérer fatal.
+Anna Strasberg is currently in litigation against the children of four photographers to determine rights of publicity, which permits the licensing of images of deceased personages for commercial purposes. The decision as to whether Monroe was a resident of California, where she died, or New York, where her will was probated, is worth millions.<ref>{{cite news | date = [[2006-04-10]] | url = http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06100/681034-28.stm | title = A battle erupts over the right to market Monroe | first = Nathan | last = Koppel|publisher = [[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]] | accessdate = 2006-08-01 }}</ref>
-Cette mort a inspiré dès [[1963]] la chanson ''Who killed Norma Jean ?'' de Norman Rosten et [[Pete Seeger]].
+On [[May 4]] [[2007]], a federal judge in New York ruled that Monroe's rights of publicity ended upon her death, thus allowing the family of photographer Sam Shaw to sell photos of Monroe.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/05/05/1915318.htm|title=Judge rejects Monroe claim to photographer profits|publisher=ABC News|date=[[May 5]] [[2007]]|accessdate = 2007-07-19}}</ref>
-== Filmographie ==
+==Quotes==
-[[Image:Monroe sings from the trailer of Niagra 2.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[Niagara (film, 1953)|Niagara]]'' (1953)]]
+{{wikiquote|Marilyn Monroe}}
-[[Image:Gentlemen Prefer Blondes Movie Trailer Screenshot (16).jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[Les Hommes préfèrent les blondes]]''  (1953)]]
+{{cquote|
-[[Image:Bus Stop trailer screenshot 1.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[Arrêt d'autobus]]'' (1956)]]
+''I think that when you are famous every weakness is exaggerated. (...) [[Goethe]] said, "Talent is developed in privacy," you know? And it's really true. (...) Creativity has got to start with humanity and when you're a human being, you feel, you suffer. You're gay, you're sick, you're nervous or whatever.'' <ref>The last interview for MM [[Life (magazine)]]; Richard Meryman [[3 August]] [[1962]] (two days before her death) with the title "Marilyn Monroe Pours Her Heart Out"</ref>}}
-* [[1947 au cinéma|1947]] : ''[[Dangerous Years]]'' d'[[Arthur Pierson]] avec [[Billy Halop]], [[Scotty Beckett]] et [[Donald Curtis]]<BR /> Marilyn Monroe y joue une serveuse, Evie
-* [[1948 au cinéma|1948]] : ''[[Bagarre pour une blonde]]'' (''Scudda Hoo! Scudda Hay! '') d'[[Hugh Herbert]] avec [[June Haver]], [[Lon McCallister]] et [[Natalie Wood]]<BR />une jeune fille dans un canoë, au loin
-* [[1948 au cinéma|1948]] : ''[[Les reines du music-hall]]'' (''Ladies of the Chorus'') de [[Phil Karlson]] avec [[Adele Jergens]] et [[Rand Brooks]]<BR />Peggy Martin, une danseuse de revue
-* [[1949 au cinéma|1949]] : ''[[La pêche au trésor]]'' (''Love Happy'') de [[David Miller]] avec Harpo, Chico et Groucho, des [[Marx Brothers]], et [[Ilona Massey]]<BR />une blonde poursuivie par des hommes
-* [[1950 au cinéma|1950]] : ''[[Le petit train du Far-West]]'', ( ''A Ticket to Tomahawk'') de [[Richard Sale]] avec [[Dan Dailey]] et [[Anne Baxter]]<BR />Clara, une chanteuse danseuse
-* [[1950 au cinéma|1950]] : ''[[Quand la ville dort (film)|Quand la ville dort]]'' (''The Asphalt Jungle'') de [[John Huston]] avec [[Sterling Hayden]] et [[Louis Calhern]]<BR />Angela Phinlay, maîtresse d'un avocat, qui la fait passer pour sa nièce
-* [[1950 au cinéma|1950]] : ''[[Les Rois de la piste]]'' (''The Fireball '') de [[Tay Garnett]] avec [[Mickey Rooney]] et [[Pat O'Brien]]<BR />Polly, une amie de Johnny
-* [[1950 au cinéma|1950]] : ''[[Ève (film)|Ève]]'' (''All About Eve'') de [[Joseph Mankiewicz]] avec [[Bette Davis]] et [[Anne Baxter]]<BR />Miss Caswell, protégée du critique DeWitt
-* [[1950 au cinéma|1950]] : ''[[Tourment]]''  (''Right Cross'') de [[John Sturges]] avec [[June Allyson]] et [[Dick Powell]]<BR />Dusky Ledoux, une jolie fille qui accompagne Rick dans une boîte de nuit
-* [[1951 au cinéma|1951]] : ''[[Home Town Story]]'' de [[Arthur Pierson]] avec [[Jeffrey Lynn]] et [[Donald Crisp]]<BR />Iris Martin, secrétaire du journal
-* [[1951 au cinéma|1951]] : ''[[Rendez-moi ma femme]]'' (''As Young as You Feel'') de [[Harmon Jones]] avec [[Monty Woolley]] et [[Thelma Ritter]]<BR />Harriet, secrétaire d'un directeur de société
-* [[1951 au cinéma|1951]] : ''[[Nid d'amour]]'' (''Love Nest'') de [[Joseph Newman]] avec [[June Haver]] et [[William Lundigan]]<BR />Roberta Stevens, une nouvelle voisine
-* [[1951 au cinéma|1951]] : ''[[Chéri, divorçons]]'' (''Let's Make It Legal'') de [[Richard Sale]] avec [[Claudette Colbert]] et [[Macdonald Carey]]<BR />Joyce Mannering, une femme qui sort avec Hugh lequel veut rendre jalouse son ex-femme
-* [[1952 au cinéma|1952]] : ''[[Le démon s'éveille la nuit]]'' (''Clash by Night'') de [[Fritz Lang]] avec [[Barbara Stanwyck]] et [[Paul Douglas]]<BR />Peggy, qui travaille dans une conserverie de poissons et qui aime Joe
-* [[1952 au cinéma|1952]] : ''[[Cinq mariages à l'essai]]'' (''We're Not Married!'') de [[Edmund Goulding]] avec [[Ginger Rogers]] et [[Fred Allen]]<BR />Annabel Norris, Mrs. Mississippi, que son mari préférerait voir en gentille femme au foyer
-* [[1952 au cinéma|1952]] : ''[[Troublez-moi ce soir]]'' (''Don't Bother to Knock'') de [[Roy Ward Baker]] avec [[Richard Widmark]] et [[Anne Bancroft]]<BR />Nelle Forbes, une baby-sitter
-* [[1952 au cinéma|1952]] : ''[[Chérie, je me sens rajeunir]]'' (''Monkey Business'') de [[Howard Hawks]] avec [[Cary Grant]], [[Ginger Rogers]] et [[Charles Coburn]]<BR />Miss Lois Laurel, une secrétaire dans un laboratoire scientifique
-* [[1952 au cinéma|1952]] : ''[[La Sarabande des pantins]]'' (''O. Henry's Full House'') (film de cinq sketches: ici nous ne mentionnons que les données concernant celui avec Marilyn, ''The Cop and the Anthem'') de [[Henry Koster]] avec [[Charles Laughton]] et [[David Wayne]]<BR />Margie, une prostituée
-* [[1953 au cinéma|1953]] : ''[[Niagara (film, 1953)|Niagara]]'' de [[Henry Hathaway]] avec [[Joseph Cotten]], [[Jean Peters]] et [[Max Showalter]]<BR />Rose Loomis, une femme descendue dans un hôtel avec son mari
-* [[1953 au cinéma|1953]] : ''[[Les Hommes préfèrent les blondes]]'' (''[[w:en:Gentlemen Prefer Blondes|Gentlemen Prefer Blondes]]'') de [[Howard Hawks]] avec [[Jane Russell]], [[Charles Coburn]] et [[Elliott Reid]]<BR />Lorelei Lee, une chercheuse de dot, chanteuse
-* [[1953 au cinéma|1953]] : ''[[Comment épouser un millionnaire]]'' (''How to Marry a Millionaire'') de [[Jean Negulesco]] avec [[Betty Grable]], [[Lauren Bacall]] et [[David Wayne]]<BR />Pola Debevoise, un modèle qui cherche un mari
-* [[1954 au cinéma|1954]] : ''[[La Rivière sans retour]]'' (''River of No Return'') de [[Otto Preminger]] avec [[Robert Mitchum]], [[Rory Calhoun]] et [[Tommy Rettig]]<BR />Kay Weston, une chanteuse de cabaret
-* [[1954 au cinéma|1954]] : ''[[La Joyeuse Parade]]'' (''There's No Business Like Show Business'') de [[Walter Lang]] avec [[Ethel Merman]], [[Donald O'Connor]] et [[Dan Dailey]]<BR />Vicky, une chanteuse dans une boîte de nuit
-* [[1955 au cinéma|1955]] : ''[[Sept Ans de réflexion]]'' (''[[w:en:The Seven Year Itch|The Seven Year Itch]]'') de [[Billy Wilder]] avec [[Tom Ewell]]<BR />la fille au-dessus, une voisine, modèle à la télévision
-* [[1956 au cinéma|1956]] : ''[[Arrêt d'autobus]]'' (''Bus Stop'') de [[Joshua Logan]] avec [[Don Murray (acteur)|Don Murray]], [[Arthur O'Connell]] et [[Betty Field]]<BR />Cherie, femme légère qui voudrait devenir chanteuse
-* [[1957 au cinéma|1957]] : ''[[Le Prince et la danseuse]]'' (''The prince and the showgirl'') de [[Laurence Olivier]] avec [[Laurence Olivier]], [[Sybil Thorndike]] et [[Richard Wattis]]<BR />Elsie Marina, une danseuse de music-hall
-* [[1959 au cinéma|1959]] : ''[[Certains l'aiment chaud]]'' (''[[w:en:Some Like It Hot|Some Like It Hot]]'') de [[Billy Wilder]] avec [[Tony Curtis]], [[Jack Lemmon]] et [[George Raft]]<BR />Sugar Kane Kowalczyk, chanteuse et joueuse de ukulélé
-* [[1960 au cinéma|1960]] : ''[[Le Milliardaire]]'' (''Let's Make Love'') de [[George Cukor]] avec [[Yves Montand]], [[Tony Randall]] et [[Frankie Vaughan]] <BR />Amanda Dell, une actrice de théâtre et chanteuse
-* [[1961 au cinéma|1961]] : ''[[Les Désaxés (film)|Les Désaxés]]'' (''[[w:en:The Misfits|The Misfits]]'') de [[John Huston]] avec [[Clark Gable]], [[Montgomery Clift]] et [[Thelma Ritter]]<BR />Roslyn Tabor, femme divorcée vulnérable
-* [[1962 au cinéma|1962]] : ''[[Something's Got to Give]]'' (''[[w:en:Somethings Got To Give|Something's Got To Give]]'') film inachevé de 37 minutes de [[George Cukor]] avec [[Dean Martin]] et [[Cyd Charisse]]<BR />Ellen Arden, une femme disparue il y a plusieurs années en mer qui revient à la maison.
-== Voix françaises de Marilyn Monroe ==
+{{cquote|''Say goodbye to Pat, say goodbye to the president, and say goodbye to yourself, because you're a nice guy.[...]I'll see, I'll see.'' <ref> The last words of Marilyn to [[Peter Lawson]], in [[August 5]] [[1962]]. Anel
-{{Article détaillé|Marilyn Monroe : Liste des voix françaises}}
+http://www.spiegel.de/kultur/literatur/0,1518,475898,00.html</ref>}}
-== Chansons ==
+{{cquote|''I don't know who invented high heels, but all women owe him a lot.'' <ref name=Marilyn> http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/m/marilyn_monroe.html</ref>}}
-* I Wanna Be Loved By You
+==Filmography==
-* My Heart Belongs to Daddy
+{| class="wikitable"
-* Diamonds Are A Girl's Best Friend
+! Year !! Film !! Role !! Salary !! Adjusted for inflation, rounded to two significant digits (2007)
-* Happy birthday mr President
+|-
+|rowspan="4" | [[1947 in film|1947]] || ''[[Dangerous Years]]'' || Evie ||  ||
+|-
+| ''[[Scudda Hoo! Scudda Hay!]]'' || Girl in canoe/Girl exiting church || $150/week || $1400/week
+|-
+| ''[[Green Grass of Wyoming]]'' || || ||
+|-
+| ''[[Ladies of the Chorus]]'' || Peggy Martin || |
+|-
+| [[1949 in film|1949]] || ''[[Love Happy]]'' || Grunion's client || ||
+|-
+|rowspan="5" | [[1950 in film|1950]] || ''[[A Ticket to Tomahawk]]'' || Clara || ||
+|-
+| ''[[The Asphalt Jungle]]'' || Angela Phinlay || $1,050 || $9,100
+|-
+| ''[[The Fireball]]'' || Polly || ||
+|-
+| ''[[All About Eve]]'' || Miss Caswell || $500/week, with one-week guarantee || $4,300/week
+|-
+| ''[[Right Cross]]'' || Dusky Ledoux || ||
+|-
+|rowspan="4" | [[1951 in film|1951]] || ''[[Home Town Story]]'' || Iris Martin || ||
+|-
+| ''[[As Young as You Feel]]'' || Harriet || ||
+|-
+| ''[[Love Nest]]'' || Roberta 'Bobby' Stevens || ||
+|-
+| ''[[Let's Make It Legal]]'' || Joyce Mannering || ||
+|-
+|rowspan="5" | [[1952 in film|1952]] || ''[[Clash by Night]]'' || Peggy || ||
+|-
+| ''[[We're Not Married!]]'' || Annabel Jones Norris || $750/week || $5,900/week
+|-
+| ''[[Don't Bother to Knock]]'' || Nell Forbes || ||
+|-
+| ''[[Monkey Business (1952 film)|Monkey Business]]'' || Miss Lois Laurel || ||
+|-
+| ''[[O. Henry's Full House]]'' || Streetwalker || ||
+|-
+|rowspan="3" | [[1953 in film|1953]] || ''[[Niagara (1953 film)|Niagara]]'' || Rose Loomis || ||
+|-
+| ''[[Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (film)|Gentlemen Prefer Blondes]]'' || Lorelei Lee || $1,250/week || $9800/week
+|-
+| ''[[How to Marry a Millionaire]]'' || Pola Debevoise || ||
+|-
+|rowspan="2" | [[1954 in film|1954]] || ''[[River of No Return]]'' || Kay Weston || ||
+|-
+| ''[[There's No Business Like Show Business]]'' || Vicky Hoffman/Vicky Parker || ||
+|-
+| [[1955 in film|1955]] || ''[[The Seven Year Itch]]'' || The Girl || $1,500/week || $12,000/week
+|-
+| [[1956 in film|1956]] || ''[[Bus Stop (film)|Bus Stop]]'' || Cherie || ||
+|-
+| [[1957 in film|1957]] || ''[[The Prince and the Showgirl]]'' || Elsie Marina || ||
+|-
+| [[1959 in film|1959]] || ''[[Some Like It Hot]]'' || Sugar Cane Kowalczyk || $200,000 plus 10% gross over $4 million || $1,400,000 +10% gross over $29m
+|-
+| [[1960 in film|1960]] || ''[[Let's Make Love]]'' || Amanda Dell || ||
+|-
+| [[1961 in film|1961]] || ''[[The Misfits (film)|The Misfits]]'' || Roslyn Taber || $250,000 || $1,700,000
+|-
+| [[1962 in film|1962]] || ''[[Something's Got to Give]]'' || Ellen Wagstaff Arden || $100,000 || $690,000
+|-
+|}
-== Bibliographie ==
+==Awards and nominations==
+*1952 [[Photoplay]] Award: Special Award
+*1953 [[Golden Globe]] Henrietta Award: World Film Favorite Female.
+*1953 Photoplay Award: Most Popular Female Star
+*1956 [[British Academy of Film and Television Arts|BAFTA]] Film Award nomination: Best Foreign Actress for ''The Seven Year Itch''
+*1956 [[Golden Globe]] nomination: Best Motion Picture Actress in Comedy or Musical for ''Bus Stop''
+*1958 BAFTA Film Award nomination: Best Foreign Actress for ''The Prince and the Showgirl''
+*1958 [[David di Donatello]] Award (Italian): Best Foreign Actress for ''The Prince and the Showgirl''
+*1959 Crystal Star Award (French): Best Foreign Actress for ''The Prince and the Showgirl''
+*1960 Golden Globe, Best Motion Picture Actress in Comedy or Musical for ''Some Like It Hot''
+*1962 Golden Globe, World Film Favorite: Female
+*Star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] 6104 Hollywood Blvd.
+*1999 she was ranked as the sixth greatest female star of all time by the [[American Film Institute]] in their list [[AFI's 100 Years... 100 Stars]].
-(Début de bibliographie, à compléter puisque de nombreux bouquins en français sont disponibles. Les livres en anglais, comme les éditions épuisées, sont mentionnés en raison de leur(s) qualité(s) et parce qu'à l'heure actuelle il peut être assez facile de les dénicher d'occasion, ou même neufs, sur le net.)
+{{start}} {{s-awards}}
-* Michael Conway et Mark Ricci, ''Marilyn Monroe'', Henri Veyrier, Paris, 1974, traduction de Henri Daussy. Epuisé. (Bon compte-rendu de la filmographie, des critiques de l'époque, très belles photos de tournage.)
+{{s-bef|before=[[Rosalind Russell]] <br> for ''[[Auntie Mame]]''}}
-* [[Norman Mailer]], ''Marilyn - a biography'', Grosset & Dunlap, New York, 1973 ; (français: "Mémoires imaginaires de Marilyn Monroe", Ed.: 10-18, 1991, ISBN 2264016434), plusieurs rééditions en anglais; tirages épuisés, mais cela se trouve assez facilement sur internet. (Cette bio est discutée car d'aucuns commentent que Mailer parle moins de Marilyn que de sa fixation sur Marilyn; l'iconographie est cependant absolument superbe.)
+{{s-ttl|title=[[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy]] <br> for ''[[Some Like It Hot]]''|years=1960}}
-* Randall Riese et Neal Hitchens, ''The unabridged Marilyn - Her life from A to Z'', Congdon & Weed, Inc., New York, 1987 ; plusieurs retirages chez différents éditeurs ensuite, sinon disponible; en anglais seulement. (Assez nécessaire pour tout fan, car la vie de Marilyn, les gens, les films, etc. sont classés par ordre alphabétique: une mine de renseignements.)
+{{s-aft|after=[[Shirley MacLaine]] <br> for ''[[The Apartment]]''}}
-* Anthony Summers, ''Les vies secrètes de Marilyn Monroe'' ''(Goddess - The secret lives of Marilyn Monroe, 1985)'', Presses de la Renaissance, Paris, 1986, traduction de Daniel Authier; Jai lu, 1987 ; tirages épuisés mais la version de poche se trouve encore facilement neuve. (Considéré, notamment par le ''A to Z'', comme un des bons livres sur Marilyn.)
+{{end}}
-* [[Michel Schneider]] : "Marilyn dernières séances" Grasset, [[Prix Interallié]] 2006, ISBN 2246703719. Roman sur sa [[psychanalyse]] avec [[Ralph Greenson]]. Michel Schneider donne une synthèse romancée mais très documentée sur sa fin.
-Egalement, concernant les souvenirs de Marilyn et le niveau élevé de son image sur le marché des objets de collection:
+==See also==
+* [[Death of Marilyn Monroe]]
-* ''The Personal Property of Marilyn Monroe'', catalogue de vente aux enchères de la maison [[Christie's]], opération ayant eu lieu les mercredi 27 et jeudi 28 octobre 1999 à New York; il s'agit d'un catalogue cartonné de 415 pages, un beau livre donc, présentant (photos et descriptions) tous les objets imaginables mis en vente à cette occasion provenant de la succession, à savoir habits, lettres, photos, livres, bijoux, vaisselle, documents officiels... Une merveille qui nous fait entrer de plein pied dans la vie quotidienne de Marilyn: un ''must'' pour le ''hard fan''.<BR />Pour l'anecdote, les quelque 576 lots de cette vente avaient été légués par Marilyn à [[Lee Strasberg]] dans l'espoir qu'il les remettrait au cercle des amis, ce qu'il n'a pas fait: les biens ont été thésaurisés et, à la mort de Lee, remis à son épouse Anna Strasberg, qui s'en est donc séparée lors de cette vente aux enchères. Le montant total des enchères avait été estimé entre $ 10 et 15 mio. et s'est élevé finalement $ 13,4 mio.
+* [[Marilyn Monroe in popular culture]]
+* [[Berniece Baker Miracle]], her half-sister
-==Mensurations==
+* [[Look alike contest]] Monroe's popularity as a costume
+* [[Mark Bellinghaus]] Monroe memorabilia collector and activist
-{| class="wikitable"<noinclude></noinclude>
-! Année
-! Mensurations
-|-----
-| 1945
-|92-64-88
-|-----
-|1946
-|92-64-92
-|-----
-|1951
-|95-62-88
-|-----
-|1952
-|92-62-88
-|-----
-|1955
-|97-62-92
-|-----
-|1956
-|95-62-95
-|-----
-|}
-En 1955, Marilyn suggéra que son épitaphe fût : « Ici repose Marilyn Monroe, 97-62-92 »
 ==Notes==
-<references />
+<!--See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the <ref(erences/)> tags-->
+{{reflist|2}}
-== Voir aussi ==
+==References==
-{{Commons}}
+*{{cite book | last = Baty | first = S. Paige | title=American Monroe: The Making of a Body Politic | publisher=University of California Press| year=1995 |id=ISBN 0-520-08806-9}} Examines Monroe's stature as an icon.
-{{Wikiquote}}
+*{{cite book | last = Belmont | first = Georges | title=Marilyn Monroe and the Camera| publisher=Te Neues Publishing Company| year=2000 | id=ISBN 3-8238-5467-4}} Monroe's "love affair" with the camera.
-{{Liste_acteurs}}
+*{{cite book | last = Churchwell | first = Sarah | title=The Many Lives of Marilyn Monroe| publisher=Metropolitan Books| year=2004 | id=ISBN 0-8050-7818-5}} Explores Western Civilization's fixation with Monroe.
+*{{cite book | last = Cunningham | first = Ernest W. | title=The Ultimate Marilyn | publisher=Renaissance Books| year=1997 | id=ISBN 1-58063-003-0}} A compendium of facts, fantasies and scandals about Marilyn Monroe.
+*{{cite book | last = Gilmore | first = John | title=Inside Marilyn Monroe: A Memoir | publisher=Ferine Books | year=2007 | id=ISBN 0-9788968-0-7}} Examination of Monroe's personal and professional life.
+*{{cite book | last = Guiles | first = Fred Lawrence | title=Norma Jean: The Life of Marilyn Monroe | publisher=Paragon House Publishers| year=1993 | id=ISBN 1-55778-583-X}} Reissue of a biography cited in this article.
+*{{cite book | last = Mailer | first = Norman | title=Marilyn: A Biography | publisher=Grosset & Dunlap| year=1973 | id=ISBN 0-448-01029-1}} His controversial take on Monroe.
+*''My Sister Marilyn'', Miracle, Berniece Baker and Mona Raw Baker. Publisher: Algonquin Books; first edition (1994) Hardcover: 238 pages ISBN 1565120701
+*{{cite book | last = Monroe | first = Marilyn | title=My Story | publisher=Cooper Square Press| year=2000 | id=ISBN 0-8154-1102-2}} Reprint of her memoirs, ghost-written by Ben Hecht; introduction by [[Andrea Dworkin]].
+*{{cite book | last = Rollyson | first = Carl E. | title=Marilyn Monroe: A Life of the Actress | publisher=Da Capo Press| year=1993 | id=ISBN 0-306-80542-1}} Scholarly look at her films.
+*{{cite book | last = Spoto | first = Donald | title=Marilyn Monroe: The Biography | publisher=Cooper Square Press| year=2001 | id=ISBN 0-8154-1183-9}} Biography cited in this article.
+*{{cite book | last = Smith | first = Matthew | title=Marilyn's Last Words: Her Secret Tapes and Mysterious Death | publisher=Carroll & Graf Publishers | year=2004 | id=ISBN 0-7867-1380-1}} Alleged transcripts of Monroe's therapy sessions.
+*{{cite book | last = Taylor | first = Roger G. | title=Marilyn in Art| publisher=Chaucer Press| year=2006 |id=ISBN 1-904957-02-1}} Examines Monroe's influence on numerous artists.
+*Vitacco-Robles, Gary (2003). ''Cursum Perficio: Marilyn Monroe's Brentwood Hacienda: The Story of Her Final Months.'' IUniverse. ISBN 0-595-01082-2
+*{{cite book | last = Victor | first = Adam | title=The Complete Marilyn Monroe | publisher=Thames and Hudson Ltd | year=1999 | id=ISBN 0-500-01978-9}}
+*[[Gloria Steinem|Steinem, Gloria]] (1988). ''Marilyn: Norma Jeane'', photos by [[George Barris (photographer)|George Barris]].  Signet. (1988) ISBN  0451155963
-===Liens externes===
+==External links==
-*{{imdb name |id=0000054 |name=Marilyn Monroe}}
+{{Commons|Marilyn Monroe}}
-*{{en}} [http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/monroe.htm Dossiers du FBI], deux fichiers {{Pdf}} (97 pages)
+*[http://www.marilynmonroecollection.com The Marilyn Monroe Collection]
-*{{fr}} [http://www.teki.info/communaute/citations.php?q=Marilyn%20Monroe Quelques citations de Maryline Monroe]
+*[http://www.marilynremembered.org Marilyn Remembered Fan Club]
+*[http://www.forevermarilyn.com The Forever Marilyn Fan Club]
+*[http://www.parade.com/articles/web_exclusives/2007/04-15-2007/Parade_Classic_Marilyn_Monroe Marilyn Monroe's 1952 interview with Parade]
+*{{imdb name|id=0000054|name=Marilyn Monroe}}
+*{{tcmdb name|id=134087|name=Marilyn Monroe}}
+*[http://www.marilynmonroe.com Official website]
+*[http://mysite.verizon.net/resv9yjn/] Virtual Tour of Marilyn Monroe's Brentwood Hacienda
+*[http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=725 Marilyn Monroe's grave site]
+*[http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/thedailymirror/2007/06/marilyn_monroe.html  Marilyn Monroe, Frank Sinatra, Joe DiMaggio and the 1954 "Wrong Door Raid."]
+*[http://www.nfpl.library.on.ca/nfplindex/search.asp?search=1&db=5&idx=ti&query=marilyn+monroe Images taken at Niagara Falls during the filming of the movie Niagara] Niagara Falls Public Library (Ont.)
+*[http://www.worldcollectorsnet.com/filmmemorabilia/marilynmonroe.html Marilyn Monroe Collectibles Feature]
+*[http://www.nybooks.com/articles/9776 Married to Marilyn] by Norman Mailer from ''[[The New York Review of Books]]''
+*[http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0601.html New York Times, August 6, 1962]
-{{Multi bandeau|Portail cinéma réalisation|Portail États-Unis d'Amérique}}
+{{Persondata
+|NAME=Monroe, Marilyn
+|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=Norma Jeane Mortenson
+|SHORT DESCRIPTION=[[United States|American]] [[actress]]
+|DATE OF BIRTH=[[June 1]], [[1926]]
+|PLACE OF BIRTH=[[Los Angeles]], [[California]]
+|DATE OF DEATH=[[August 5]], [[1962]]
+|PLACE OF DEATH=[[Brentwood, Los Angeles, California|Brentwood, California]]
+}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Monroe, Marilyn}}
-[[Catégorie:Marilyn Monroe]]
+[[Category:American film actors]]
-[[Catégorie:Actrice américaine]]
+[[Category:American actor-singers]]
-[[Catégorie:Modèle pour Playboy]]
+[[Category:American female singers]]
-[[Catégorie:Nom de scène]]
+[[Category:Torch singers]]
-[[Catégorie:Naissance en 1926]]
+[[Category:American models]]
-[[Catégorie:Décès en 1962]]
+[[Category:American adult models]]
-[[Catégorie:Chanteuse américaine]]
+[[Category:Playboy Playmates from 1953-1959]]
-[[Catégorie:Chanteuse de jazz]]
+[[Category:Actors Studio alumni]]
+[[Category:Best Musical or Comedy Actress Golden Globe (film)]]
-{{lien BA|en}}
+[[Category:Hollywood Walk of Fame]]
+[[Category:John F. Kennedy]]
+[[Category:People from Los Angeles]]
+[[Category:Alumni of University High School (Los Angeles, California)]]
+[[Category:Converts to Judaism]]
+[[Category:American Jews]]
+[[Category:Jewish actors]]
+[[Category:English Americans]]
+[[Category:Scottish-Americans]]
+[[Category:Norwegian-Americans]]
+[[Category:Cause of death disputed]]
+[[Category:Drug-related human deaths in the United States]]
+[[Category:1926 births]]
+[[Category:1962 deaths]]
 [[ar:مارلين مونرو]]
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-[[en:Marilyn Monroe]]
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-[[fi:Marilyn Monroe]]
+[[fr:Marilyn Monroe]]
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-[[he:מרילין מונרו]]
+[[ko:메릴린 먼로]]
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-[[hr:Marilyn Monroe]] {{Lien AdQ|hr}}
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-[[hu:Marilyn Monroe]]
+[[hr:Marilyn Monroe]]
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-[[io:Marilyn Monroe]]
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-[[ja:マリリン・モンロー]]
+[[he:מרילין מונרו]]
 [[ka:მერილინ მონრო]]
 [[kk:Монро, Мерилин]]
-[[ko:메릴린 먼로]]
+[[lv:Merilina Monro]]
 [[lb:Marilyn Monroe]]
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-[[lv:Merilina Monro]]
+[[hu:Marilyn Monroe]]
 [[ml:മരിലിന്‍ മണ്രോ]]
 [[mn:Мэрилин Монро]]
-[[new:म्यारिलीन मुन्रो]]
 [[nl:Marilyn Monroe]]
-[[nn:Marilyn Monroe]]
+[[new:म्यारिलीन मुन्रो]]
+[[ja:マリリン・モンロー]]
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+[[nn:Marilyn Monroe]]
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+[[ro:Marilyn Monroe]]
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-[[ro:Marilyn Monroe]]
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+[[sq:Marilyn Monroe]]
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-[[sq:Marilyn Monroe]]
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+[[fi:Marilyn Monroe]]
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+[[vi:Marilyn Monroe]]
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-[[vi:Marilyn Monroe]]
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+[[bat-smg:Marilyn Monroe]]
 [[zh:玛丽莲·梦露]]