1942

Un article de Vev.

Modèle:Otheruses Modèle:Year nav Modèle:C20YearInTopicX Year 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. Modèle:C20YearTOCship

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Events of 1942

(Below, many events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.)

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January

January 2 - WWII: Manila is captured by Japanese forces. The Japanese Admiral stays in Solvec (owned by Charles Henry de Silva), Philippines.
January 7 - WWII: Siege of the Bataan Peninsula begins.
January 10 - WWII: The last German air-raid on Liverpool. This raid destroyed the home of William Patrick Hitler, Adolf Hitler's nephew. After his house was destroyed William Hitler went to the USA and joined the navy to fight against his uncle.
January 11 - WWII: **Japan declares war on the Netherlands and invades the Netherlands East Indies.
- WWII: The Japanese capture Kuala Lumpur.
January 19 - WWII: Japanese forces invade Burma.
January 20 - WWII: Nazis at the Wannsee conference in Berlin decide that the "final solution to the Jewish problem" is relocation, and later extermination.
January 23 - WWII: The Battle of Rabaul begins.
January 25 - WWII: Thailand declares war on the United States and United Kingdom.
January 26 - WWII: The first American forces arrive in Europe landing in Northern Ireland.
January 31 - WWII: The last organized Allied forces leave Malaya, ending the 54-day campaign.

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February

February 2 - WWII: President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signs an executive order directing the internment of Japanese Americans and the seizure of their property.
February 8 - António Óscar Carmona is elected president of Portugal.
- WWII: Top United States military leaders hold their first formal meeting to discuss American military strategy in the war.
- Daylight saving time goes into effect in the United States.
February 11 - Operation Cerberus - Flotilla of Kriegsmarine ships dash from Brest through the English Channel to northern ports; British fail to sink any one of them.
February 15 - WWII: Singapore surrenders to Japanese forces.
February 19 - WWII:
- 242 Japanese warplanes attack Darwin, Australia.
- President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs executive order 9066 allowing the United States military to define areas as exclusionary zones. These zones affect the Japanese on the West Coast, and Germans and Italians primarily on the East Coast.
February 20 - Lieutenant Edward O'Hare becomes America's first World War II flying ace.
February 22 - WWII: President Franklin Delano Roosevelt orders General Douglas MacArthur out of the Philippines as American defense of the nation collapses.
February 23 - The Japanese submarine I-17 fires sixteen high-explosive shells toward an oil refinery near Santa Barbara, California, causing little damage.
February 24 - Propaganda: The Voice of America begins broadcasting.
February 25 - Princess Elizabeth registers for war service.
February 26 - The worst Coal dust explosion to date occurs in Honkeiko, China. It claims 1549 lives. The growth of the coal mining industry was a major goal of Mao Zedong's first Five-Year Plan.<ref>"Year by Year 1942" -- History Channel International</ref>
February 27 - WWII: During the Battle of the Java Sea an allied (ABDA) task force under Dutch command, trying to stem a Japanese invasion of the Dutch East Indies is defeated by a Japanese task force in the Java Sea.

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March

March - Construction began what would be the largest army ammunition plant in the United States during WWII; the Badger Army Ammunition Plant
March 9 - Executive Order 9082 (February 28, 1942) reorganized the United States Army into three major commands - Army Ground Forces, Army Air Forces, and Services of Supply, later redesignated Army Service Forces.
March 28 - British Commandos raided St Nazaire on the coast of Western France.

Image:Hiryu f075712.jpg

The Japanese aircraft carrier, Hiryu under attack by US aircraft at the Battle of Midway.

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April

April 3 - WWII: Japanese forces begin an all-out assault on the United States and Filipino troops on the Bataan Peninsula. Bataan fell on April 9 and the Bataan Death March began.
April 5 - WWII: Japanese Navy attacks Colombo in Ceylon (Sri Lanka). Royal Navy Cruisers HMS Cornwall and HMS Dorsetshire are sunk southwest of the island.
April 9 - WWII: Japanese Navy launches air raid on Trincomalee in Ceylon (Sri Lanka); Royal Navy Aircraft Carrier HMS Hermes and Royal Australian Navy Destroyer [[HMAS Vampire (D6Image:Cool.gif|HMAS Vampire]] are sunk off the country's East Coast.
April 13 - The FCC minimum programming time required of TV stations is cut from 15 hours to four hours a week during the war.
April 15 - WWII:King George VI awards the George Cross to Malta, "To honour her brave people I award the George Cross to the Island Fortress of Malta, to bear witness to a heroism and a devotion that will long be famous in history." From January 1 to July 24, 1942, there was only one 24-hour period during which no bombs fell on this tiny island.
April 18 - Tokyo, Japan is bombed by B-25 Mitchells commanded by then-Lieutenant Colonel James Doolittle.
April 27 - WWII: A national plebiscite is held in Canada on the issue of conscription.
April 29 - WWII: Explosion at a chemical factory in Tessenderlo, Belgium leaves 200 dead and 1,000 injured.

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May

May - First test of an undersea oil pipeline in Operation Pluto.
May 5 - WWII: Operation Ironclad - United Kingdom forces invades French colony of Madagascar.
May 6 - WWII: On Corregidor, the last American forces in the Philippines surrender to the Japanese.
May 8 - WWII: The Battle of the Coral Sea comes to an end. This is the first time in the naval history where two enemy fleets fought without seeing each other's fleets.
May 8/May 9 - WWII: On the night of 8/9 May 1942, gunners of the Ceylon Garrison Artillery on Horsburgh Island in the Cocos Islands rebelled. Their mutiny was crushed and three of them were executed, the only British Commonwealth soldiers to be executed for mutiny during the Second World War.
May 12 - WWII: Second Battle of Kharkov - In the eastern Ukraine, the Soviet Army initiates a major offensive. During the battle the Soviets will capture the city of Kharkov from the German Army, only to be encircled and destroyed.
May 15 - WWII: In the United States, a bill creating the Women's Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC) is signed into law.
May 20 - First African-American seamen taken into US Navy.
May 21 - WWII: Mexico declares war against Nazi Germany after the sinking of the Mexican tanker Faja de Oro by the German U-boat, U-160, off Key West.
May 27 - WWII: Operation Anthropoid - attempted assassination of Reinhard Heydrich in Prague.
May 31 - June 1- WWII: Attack on Sydney Harbour - Japanese midget submarines infiltrate Sydney Harbour in an attempt to attack Allied warships.

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June

June 1 - WWII: Mexico declares war on Germany, Italy and Japan.
June 4 - WWII: Reinhard Heydrich succumbs to wounds sustained on May 27 from Czechoslovakian paratroopers acting in Operation Anthropoid
June 4-June 7 - WWII: The Battle of Midway.
June 7 - WWII: Japanese forces invade the Aleutian Islands. This is the first invasion of American soil in 128 years.
June 8 - WWII: Attack on Sydney Harbour: Australian cities of Sydney and Newcastle are shelled by Japanese submarines. The eastern suburbs of both cities are damaged and the east coast is blacked-out.
June 9 - WWII: Nazis burn the Czech village of Lidice as reprisal for the killing of Reinhard Heydrich.
June 10 - WWII: the Gestapo massacre 173 male residents of Lidice, Czechoslovakia in retaliation for the killing of a Nazi official.
June 12 - Holocaust: Future essayist Anne Frank receives a diary for her thirteenth birthday.
June 13 - The United States opens its Office of War Information, a center for production of propaganda.

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July

July 1 - July 27 - WWII: the First Battle of El Alamein.
July 3 - Guadalcanal falls to the Japanese.
July 9 - Holocaust: Anne Frank's family goes into hiding in an attic above her father's office in an Amsterdam warehouse.
July 13 - WWII: German U-Boats sink three more merchant ships in Gulf of St. Lawrence.
July 16
- Holocaust: On order from the Vichy France government headed by Pierre Laval, French police officers round-up 13,000-20,000 Jews and imprison them in the Winter Velodrome.
- Georges Bégué and others escape from Mauzac prison camp.
July 18 - WWII: The Germans test fly the Messerschmitt Me-262 using only its jets for the first time.
July 19 - WWII: Battle of the Atlantic - German Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz orders the last U-boats to withdraw from their United States Atlantic coast positions in response to an effective American convoy system.
July 21 - Japanese establish beachhead on the north coast of New Guinea in the Buna-Gona area; small Australian force begins rearguard action on the Kokoda Track Campaign.
July 22 - Holocaust: The systematic deportation of Jews from the Warsaw Ghetto begins.
July 29 - The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR institutes the Order of Suvorov, the Order of Kutuzov, and reinstates the Order of Alexander Nevsky.
July 31 - The Oxford Committee of Famine Relief (OXFAM) founded.

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August

August 7 - WWII: Battle of Guadalcanal begins - US Marines initiate the first American offensive of the war with a landing on Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands.
August 8
- WWII: In Washington, DC, six German would-be saboteurs are executed (two others were cooperative and received life imprisonment instead).
- Quit India resolution is passed by the Bombay session of the All India Congress Committee (AICC), which led to the start of a historical civil disobedience movement across India.
August 9
- Indian leader, Mohandas Gandhi is arrested in Bombay by British forces.
- Start, led by the goalkeeper Nikolai Trusevich, play football against the German Luftwaffe team Flakelf in Nazi-occupied Kiev. Against all odds, they win 5-3. Eight of them are later arrested and tortured, and at least four are killed.
August 13 - 14 night - In London instruments detect a massive burst of cosmic rays.
August 15 - WWII: SS Ohio, an American tanker, reaches Malta as part of the convoy of Operation Pedestal.
August 16 - Polish-Jewish teacher Janusz Korczak follows a group of Jewish children into Treblinka death camp.
August 19 - WWII: The Dieppe Raid - Allied forces raid Dieppe, France. Fred Thompson Born.
August 22 - WWII: Brazil declared war on Germany and Italy.
August 25 - WWII: Japanese marines land at Milne Bay.
August 30 - Luxembourg is formally annexed to the German Reich.
August 31 - General strike launched in Luxembourg to protest against forced conscription.

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September

September 3
- Francisco Franco fires foreign minister Serrano Súñer.
- An attempt by the Germans to liquidate the Jewish ghetto in Lakhva leads to an uprising.
September 5 - WWII: Japanese forces suffer their first defeat on land at the Battle of Milne Bay.
September 12 - RMS Laconia, carrying civilians, Allied soldiers and Italian POWs is torpedoed off the coast of West Africa and sinks.
September 24 - Andrée Borrel and Lise de Baissac became the first female SOE agents to be parachuted into occupied France.

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October

October 2 - British cruiser Curacao collides with the liner Queen Mary off the coast of Donegal and sinks - 338 drowned.
October 3 - First successful launch of A-4 rocket from Test Stand VII at Peenemünde, Germany. The rocket flew 147 kilometres wide and reached a height of 84.5 kilometres and was therefore the first man-made object reaching space.
October 9 - Statute of Westminster Adoption Act formalizes Australian autonomy.
October 11 - WWII: Battle of Cape Esperance - On the northwest coast of Guadalcanal, United States Navy ships intercept and defeat a Japanese fleet on their way to reinforce troops on the island.
October 14 - A German U-boat sinks the ferry SS Caribou, killing 137.
October 16 - Hurricane and flooding in Bombay - 40,000 dead.
October 23 - Award-winning composer and Hollywood songwriter Ralph Rainger ("Thanks for the Memory") is among the 12 people killed in the mid-air collision between an American Airlines DC-3 airliner and a U.S. Army bomber near Palm Springs, California.
October 23 - November 4 - WWII: the Second Battle of El Alamein.
October 26 - WWII: Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands - Two Japanese aircraft carriers are heavily damaged and one US carrier is sunk.
October 28 - The Alaska Highway is completed.
October 29 - Holocaust: In the United Kingdom, leading clergymen and political figures hold a public meeting to register outrage over Nazi Germany's persecution of Jews.

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November

November 2 - USAF forces, including B-24 Liberator's fly toward Oran, Africa. The squad intercepts many Luftwaffe patrols off the coast of Oran. The US Force won the air battle.
November 3 - WWII: Second Battle of El Alamein ends - German forces under Erwin Rommel are forced to retreat during the night.
November 8 - WWII:
- Operation Torch - United States and United Kingdom forces land in French North Africa.
- French Resistance Coup in Algiers, by which 400 French civil resistants neutralize the Vichyist XIXth Army Corps and the Vichyist generals (Juin, Darlan, etc.), so allowing the immediate success of Operation Torch in Algiers, and ultimately the whole of French North Africa.
November 9 - WWII: U.S serviceman Edward Leonski hanged at Melbourne's Pentridge Prison for the "Brown-Out" Murders of three women in May.
November 10 - WWII: In violation of a 1940 armistice, Germany invades Vichy France following French Admiral François Darlan agreement to an armistice with the Allies in North Africa.
November 12 - WWII: Battle of Guadalcanal begins - A naval battle near Guadalcanal starts between Japanese and American forces.
November 13 - WWII: Battle of Guadalcanal - Aviators from the USS Enterprise sink the Japanese battleship Hiei.
November 15 - WWII: Battle of Guadalcanal ends - Although the United States Navy suffered heavy losses, it was able to retain control of Guadalcanal.
November 19 - WWII: Battle of Stalingrad - Soviet Union forces under General Georgy Zhukov launch the Operation Uranus counter-attacks at Stalingrad, turning the tide of the battle in the USSR's favor.
November 21 - The completion of the Alaska Highway (also known as the Alcan Highway) is celebrated (the "highway" was not usable by general vehicles until 1943, however).
November 22 - WWII: Battle of Stalingrad - The situation for the German attackers of Stalingrad seems desperate during the Soviet counter-attack Operation Uranus and General Friedrich Paulus sends Adolf Hitler a telegram saying that the German Sixth Army is surrounded.
November 23 - German U-boat sinks SS Ben Lomond off the coast of Brazil. One crewman, Chinese second steward Poon Lim, is separated from the others and spends 130 days adrift until he is rescued April 3 1943.
November 26 - The movie Casablanca premièred at the Hollywood Theater in New York City.
November 27 - WWII: At Toulon, the French navy scuttles its ships and submarines to keep them out of Nazi hands.
November 28
- In Boston, Massachusetts, a fire in the Cocoanut Grove night club kills 491 people.
- The large-scale German "pacification" of Zamojszczyzna region of Poland begins.

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December

December 1 - Gasoline rationing begins in the United States.
December 2 - Manhattan Project: Below the bleachers of Stagg Field at the University of Chicago, a team led by Enrico Fermi initiate the first self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction (a coded message, "The Italian navigator has landed in the new world" was then sent to US President Franklin D. Roosevelt).
December 4 - Holocaust: In Warsaw, two women, Zofia Kossak and Wanda Filipowicz risk their lives by setting up the Council for the Assistance of the Jews.
December 7 - British commandos conduct Operation Frankton a raid on shipping in Bordeaux harbour.
December 24 - French Admiral Darlan, the former Vichy leader who had switched over to the Allies following the Torch landings, assassinated in Algiers.