Bill Gates

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Modèle:Pp-semi-protected Modèle:Otherpeople Modèle:Infobox Person William Henry Gates III (born October 28, 1955<ref>Bill Gates: Chairman, Microsoft Corp. http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/exec/billg/bio.mspx</ref>) is an American entrepreneur, software executive, philanthropist and chairman of Microsoft, the software company he founded with Paul Allen. During his career at Microsoft he has held the positions of CEO and chief software architect, and he remains the largest individual shareholder with more than 8% of the common stock.<ref>Microsoft 2006 Proxy Statement. 2006-10-06.</ref>

Gates is one of the best-known entrepreneurs of the personal computer revolution. Although he is widely admired,<ref> Staff writer

  . 
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   Vietnam gives Gates star welcome 
     
 " , BBC News , 2006-04-22
 
  . Retrieved on 2006-11-19
 . </ref><ref>   Lam , Andrew 
       
   
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   The fall and rise of Saigon: Vietnamese consumers make up for lost time 
     
 " , San Francisco Chronicle , 2005-04-24
 
  . Retrieved on 2007-06-22
 . </ref><ref>   Baldauf , Scott 
       
   
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   Gates, the biggest thing in India since the Beatles 
     
 " , Christian Science Monitor , 2002-11-14
 
  . Retrieved on 2006-11-19
 . </ref>

his business tactics have been criticized as anti-competitive and in some instances ruled as such in court.<ref>Modèle:Cite journal</ref><ref>Findings of Fact. United States v. Microsoft (1998)</ref> Since amassing his fortune, Gates has pursued a number of philanthropic endeavors, donating large amounts of money to various charitable organizations and scientific research programs through the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, established in 2000.

The annual Forbes magazine's list of The World's Billionaires has ranked Gates as the richest person in the world from 1995 to 2007, with recent estimates putting his net worth over $56 billion USD.<ref name="forbes"> Kroll , Luisa

 ; Allison Fass

     (2007-03-06)
   
.    #1 William Gates III 
. The World's Billionaires
. Forbes.com

. Retrieved on 2007-07-29. </ref> When family wealth is considered, his family ranks second behind the Walton family, heirs of Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton. In July 2007, Fortune magazine reported that the increase in value of Mexican billionaire Carlos Slim's holdings of stock caused him to surpass Bill Gates as the world's richest man.<ref> Walsh , Fiona

  . 
 "
   Mexican tycoon overtakes Bill Gates as world's richest man 
     
 " , The Guardian
  , 2007-07-03
 
 . </ref><ref>   Lash , Herbert 
       
   
  . 
 "
   Latin America stocks surge anew, lift Carlos Slim also 
     
 " , Reuters
  , 2007-07-07
 
 . </ref> Forbes maintains that Slim is second to Gates as of its last calculation of billionaire fortunes. Forbes does not plan to recalculate Slim's wealth until next year.<ref>   Aspin , Chris 
       
   
  . 
 "
   I don't care if I'm richest in world... 
     
 " , Reuters
  , August 3, 2007
 
  . Retrieved on 2007-08-11
 . </ref>

[modifier]

Early life

William Henry Gates III was born in Seattle, Washington, to William H. Gates, Jr. (now Sr.) and Mary Maxwell Gates. His family was wealthy; his father was a prominent lawyer, his mother served on the board of directors for First Interstate Bank and the United Way, and her father, J. W. Maxwell, was a national bank president. Bill has one older sister, Kristi (Kristianne), and one younger sister, Libby. He was the fourth of his name in his family, but was known as William Gates III or "Trey" because his father had dropped his own "III" suffix.<ref name="gatesmogul">Modèle:Cite book</ref> Several writers claim that Maxwell set up a million-dollar trust fund for Gates.<ref name="harddrive">Modèle:Cite book</ref> A 1993 biographer who interviewed both Gates and his parents (among other sources) found no evidence of this and dismissed it as one of the "fictions" surrounding Gates's fortune.<ref name="gatesmogul"/> Gates denied the trust fund story in a 1994 interview<ref name="playboy">Modèle:Cite journal</ref> and indirectly in his 1995 book The Road Ahead.<ref>Modèle:Cite book</ref>

Gates excelled in elementary school, particularly in mathematics and the sciences. At thirteen he enrolled in the Lakeside School, Seattle's most exclusive preparatory school. When he was in the eighth grade, the school mothers used proceeds from Lakeside's rummage sale to buy an ASR-33 teletype terminal and a block of computer time on a General Electric computer.<ref name="gatesmogul"/> Gates took an interest in programming the GE system in BASIC and was excused from math classes to pursue his interest. After the Mothers Club donation was exhausted he and other students sought time on other systems, including DEC PDP minicomputers. One of these systems was a PDP-10 belonging to Computer Center Corporation, which banned the Lakeside students for the summer after it caught them exploiting bugs in the operating system to obtain free computer time.

At the end of the ban, the Lakeside students (Gates, Paul Allen, Ric Weiland, and Kent Evans) offered to find bugs in CCC's software in exchange for free computer time. Rather than use the system via teletype, Gates went to CCC's offices and studied source code for various programs that ran on the system, not only in BASIC but FORTRAN, LISP, and machine language as well. The arrangement with CCC continued until 1970, when it went out of business. The following year Information Sciences Inc. hired the Lakeside students to write a payroll program in COBOL, providing them not only computer time but royalties as well. At age 14, Gates also formed a venture with Allen, called Traf-O-Data, to make traffic counters based on the Intel 8008 processor. That first year he made $20,000; however, when his age was discovered, business slowed.<ref>Modèle:Cite interview</ref><ref>Modèle:Cite book</ref>

As a youth, Bill Gates was active in the Boy Scouts of America where he achieved its second highest rank, Life Scout. According to a press inquiry, Bill Gates stated that he scored 1590 on his SATs.<ref> The new—and improved?—SAT

. The Week Magazine

. Retrieved on 2006-05-23. </ref> He enrolled at Harvard College in the fall of 1973 intending to get a pre-law degree,<ref>http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/Gates.Mirick.html#business</ref> but did not have a definite study plan.<ref name=larryking>Modèle:Cite interview</ref> While at Harvard, he met his future business partner, Steve Ballmer, whom he later appointed as CEO of Microsoft. At the same time, he co-authored and published a paper on algorithms with computer scientist Christos Papadimitriou.<ref name=gatespapadimitriou> Modèle:Cite journal </ref>

[modifier]

Microsoft

Main article: Microsoft

[modifier]

BASIC

After reading the January 1975 issue of Popular Electronics that demonstrated the Altair 8800, Gates contacted MITS (Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems), the creators of the new microcomputer, to inform them that he and others were working on a BASIC interpreter for the platform.<ref name="keyevents"> Key Events In Microsoft History

. Retrieved on 1 October 2005.

(DOC format) </ref> In reality, Gates and Allen did not have an Altair and had not written code for it; they merely wanted to gauge MITS's interest. MITS president Ed Roberts agreed to meet them for a demo, and over the course of a few weeks they developed an Altair emulator that ran on a minicomputer, and then the BASIC interpreter. The demonstration, held at MITS's offices in Albuquerque, was a success and resulted in a deal with MITS to distribute the interpreter as Altair BASIC. Paul Allen was hired into MITS,<ref name=thocp1>
   Microsoft history at the History of Computing Project

. Retrieved on August 11, 2005.

</ref> and Gates took a leave of absence from Harvard to work with Allen at MITS, dubbing their partnership "Micro-soft" (a portmanteau of microcomputer and software) in November 1975.<ref name=thocp1/> Within a year, the hyphen was dropped, and on November 26, 1976, the tradename "Microsoft" was registered with the USPTO.<ref name=thocp1/>

Microsoft's BASIC was popular with computer hobbyists, but Gates discovered that a pre-market copy had leaked into the community and was being widely copied and distributed. In February 1976, Gates wrote an Open Letter to Hobbyists in the MITS newsletter saying that MITS could not continue to produce, distribute, and maintain high-quality software without payment.<ref>Bill Gates, An Open Letter to Hobbyists, February 3, 1976</ref> This letter was unpopular with many computer hobbyists, but Gates persisted in his belief that software developers should be able to demand payment. Microsoft became independent of MITS in late 1976, and it continued to develop programming language software for various systems.

According to Gates, people at Microsoft often did more than one job during the early years; whoever answered the phone when an order came in was responsible for packing and mailing it. Gates oversaw the business details, but continued to write code as well. In the first five years, he personally reviewed every line of code the company shipped, and often rewrote parts of it as he saw fit.<ref name="waterloo">Modèle:Cite speech</ref>

[modifier]

IBM partnership

In 1980 IBM approached Microsoft to make the BASIC interpreter for its upcoming personal computer, the IBM PC. When IBM's representatives mentioned that they needed an operating system, Gates referred them to Digital Research (DRI), makers of the widely used CP/M operating system.<ref> John Steele Gordon Michael Maiello

     (2002-12-23)
   
.    Pioneers Die Broke 
. Forbes

. Retrieved on 2006-07-05. </ref> IBM's discussions with Digital Research went poorly, and they did not reach a licensing agreement. IBM representative Jack Sams mentioned the licensing difficulties during a subsequent meeting with Gates and told him to get an acceptable operating system. A few weeks later Gates proposed using 86-DOS (QDOS), an operating system similar to CP/M and which Tim Paterson of Seattle Computer Products had made for hardware similar to the PC. Microsoft made a deal with SCP to become the exclusive licensing agent, and later the full owner, of 86-DOS, but did not mention that IBM was a potential customer. Gates never understood why DRI had walked away from the deal, and in later years he claimed that DRI founder Gary Kildall capriciously "went flying" during an IBM appointment, a characterization that Kildall and other DRI employees would deny. After adapting the operating system for the PC, Microsoft delivered it to IBM as PC-DOS in exchange for a one-time fee<ref> MS DOS and PC DOS

. Lexikon's History of Computing

. Retrieved on 2006-07-05. </ref> Gates insisted that IBM let Microsoft keep the copyright on the operating system, because he believed that other hardware vendors would clone IBM's system.<ref name="usnews">Modèle:Cite journal</ref> They did, and the sales of MS-DOS made Microsoft a major player in the industry.<ref>"

   Microsoft to Microsoft disk operating system (MS-DOS) 
     
 " , Smart Computing
  , March 2002
 
  . Retrieved on 2006-07-05
 . </ref>

[modifier]

Strategy and management

Image:Billgates.JPG

Bill Gates giving his deposition at Microsoft on August 27, 1998

From Microsoft's founding in 1975 until 2006, Gates had primary responsibility for Microsoft's product strategy. He aggressively broadened the company's range of products, and wherever Microsoft achieved a dominant position he vigorously defended it. Many decisions that led to antitrust litigation over Microsoft's business practices have had Gates' approval. In the 1998 United States v. Microsoft case, Gates gave deposition testimony that several journalists characterized as evasive. He argued with examiner David Boies over the definitions of words such as: compete, concerned, ask, and we.<ref>CNN, Gates deposition makes judge laugh in court, November 17, 1998</ref> BusinessWeek reported: Modèle:Quotation

Gates later said that he had simply resisted attempts by Boies to mischaracterize his words and actions. As to his demeanor during the deposition, he said "Whatever that penalty is should be levied against me: rudeness to Boies in the first degree."<ref>Modèle:Cite journal</ref> Despite Gates' denials, the judge ruled that Microsoft had committed monopolization and tying, blocking competition, in violation of the Sherman Act.

As an executive, Gates met regularly with Microsoft's senior managers and program managers. Most firsthand accounts of these meetings portray him as hostile, berating managers for perceived holes in their business strategies or their proposals which place the company's long-term interests at risk.<ref name="playboy"/><ref> Ballmer , Steve

     (October 9, 1997)
   
.    Steve Ballmer Speech Transcript - Church Hill Club 
. Microsoft PressPass
. Microsoft

. Retrieved on 2006-05-16. </ref><ref>Modèle:Cite book</ref> He has been described shouting at length at employees before letting them continue, with such remarks as "That's the stupidest thing I've ever heard!" and "Why don't you just give up your options and join the Peace Corps?"<ref> David Bank

     (February 1, 1999)
   
.    Breaking Windows 
. Wall Street Journal

. Retrieved on 2006-05-16. </ref> However, he was also known to back down when the targets of his outbursts responded frankly and directly.<ref> The Gates Operating System

. Time 
 
 (January 13, 1997)

. Retrieved on 2006-05-16. </ref> When subordinates appeared to be procrastinating, he was known to quip, "Do you want me to do it over the weekend?"<ref name="pdc97">Modèle:Cite speech</ref><ref>Modèle:Cite journal</ref>

In 2004, Gates told a group of 1,000 people gathered at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, that "We want to take everything that the programmer knows, and express those in as high a level as we can," said Bill Gates. Gates forsaw machine learning applied to the diagnosis of problems "in a system". "Machine learning techniques can build a model and then use it to see if things are unusual" and that this field of science "can block the abnormal components, preserving the system's integrity and security". "We can already beat the fastest typists of Chinese with a Chinese speech recognition system". Gates also announced a solution to email spam that week, saying that for example, according to the MIT newspaper, "If mail comes in from what the spam filter thinks is a stranger, some type of proof is required".<ref>Modèle:Cite journal</ref>

Gates' role at Microsoft for most of its history was primarily a management and executive role. However, he was an active software developer in the early years, particularly on the company's programming language products. He has not officially been on a development team since working on the TRS-80 Model 100 line, but he wrote code as late as 1989 that shipped in the company's products.<ref name="pdc97"/> On June 15, 2006, Gates announced that he would transition out of his day-to-day role over the next two years to dedicate more time to philanthropy. He divided his responsibilities between two successors, placing Ray Ozzie in charge of day-to-day management and Craig Mundie in charge of long-term product strategy.<ref> Microsoft PressPass

  . 
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   Microsoft Announces Plans for July 2008 Transition for Bill Gates 
     
 " , Microsoft PressPass
  , June 15, 2006
 
 . </ref><ref>   Fried , Ina 
       
   
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   Ozzie, Mundie pick up tech mantle at Microsoft 
     
 " , CNET News.com , 2006-06-16
 
  . Retrieved on 2007-02-17
 . </ref>

One of his last initiatives before announcing his departure was the creation of a robotics software group at Microsoft.

[modifier]

Personal life

Image:BillGates and Lula1852.jpeg

Bill Gates and Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva in Davos. January 26, 2003

Gates married Melinda French from Dallas, Texas on January 1, 1994. They have three children: Jennifer Katharine Gates (1996), Rory John Gates (1999) and Phoebe Adele Gates (2002). Bill Gates' house is one of the most expensive houses in the world, and is a modern 21st century earth-sheltered home in the side of a hill overlooking Lake Washington in Medina, Washington. According to King County public records, as of 2006, the total assessed value of the property (land and house) is $125 million, and the annual property tax is $991,000. Also among Gates' private acquisitions is the Codex Leicester, a collection of writings by Leonardo da Vinci, which Gates bought for USD $30.8 million at an auction in 1994.<ref>http://www.mos.org/leonardo/bio.html</ref>

Gates' e-mail address has been widely publicized, and he received as many as 4,000,000 e-mails in 2004, most of which were spam.<ref> Wendland , Mike

  . 
 "
   Ballmer checks out my spam problem 
     
 " , Detroit Free Press , 2004-12-02
 
  . Retrieved on 2007-07-13
 . </ref> He has said that much of this junk mail "offers to help [him] get out of debt or get rich quick", which "would be funny if it weren't so irritating".<ref>   Gates , Bill 
       
   
  . 
 "
   Why I Hate Spam 
     
 " , Wall Street Journal , 2003-06-23
 
  . Retrieved on 2006-11-19
 . </ref>

[modifier]

Wealth and investments

Image:Bill Gates Master Chief.jpg

An actor dressed as Master Chief stands with Bill Gates at the Halo 3 launch.

Gates has been number one on the "Forbes 400" list from 1993 through to 2006 and number one on Forbes list of "The World's Richest People" from 1995 to 2006 with 58 billion U.S. dollars. In 1999, Gates's wealth briefly surpassed $100 billion causing him to be referred to in the media as a "centibillionaire".<ref name="centibillionaire"> Bill Gates - Founder of Microsoft

. Lycos Canada Money

.</ref> Since 2000, the nominal value of his Microsoft holdings has declined due to a fall in Microsoft's stock price after the dot-com bubble and the multi-billion dollar donations he has made to his charitable foundations. In May 2006, Gates said in an interview that he wished that he were not the richest man in the world, stating that he disliked the attention it brought.<ref> Bolger , Joe

  . 
 "
   I wish I wasn't the richest man in the world, says Bill Gates 
     
 " , The Times , 2006-05-05
 
  . Retrieved on 2006-11-19
 . </ref> A July 3, 2007 report by Mexican financial journalist Eduardo Garcia indicated that Gates' position as the wealthiest person in the world has in fact been usurped by telecommunications magnate Carlos Slim Helú.<ref>   Walsh , Fiona 
       
   
  . 
 "
   Mexican tycoon overtakes Bill Gates as world's richest man 
     
 " , The Guardian
  , 2007-07-03
 
 . </ref>

Gates has several investments outside Microsoft, which in 2006 paid him a salary of US$966,667.<ref>Year 2006 compensation: salary $616,667, bonus $350,000. From Microsoft's Proxy Statement</ref> He founded Corbis, a digital imaging company, in 1989. In 2004 he became a director of Berkshire Hathaway, the investment company headed by longtime friend Warren Buffett.<ref> Fried , Ina

  . 
 "
   Gates joins board of Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway 
     
 " , CNET News.com , 2004-12-14
 
  . Retrieved on 2006-11-19
 . </ref> He is a client of Cascade Investment Group, a wealth management firm with diverse holdings.

[modifier]

Philanthropy

In 2000, Gates and his wife founded the charitable Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The generosity and extensive philanthropy of David Rockefeller has been credited as a major influence. Bill Gates and his father have met with Rockefeller several times and have modeled their giving in part on the Rockefeller family's philanthropic focus, namely those global problems that are ignored by governments and other organizations.<ref>Philanthropy</ref>

The foundation's grants have provided funds for college scholarships for under-represented minorities, AIDS prevention, diseases prevalent in third world countries, and other causes. In 2000, the Gates Foundation endowed the University of Cambridge with $210 million for the Gates Cambridge Scholarships. The Foundation has also pledged over $7 billion to its various causes, including $1 billion to the United Negro College Fund. According to a 2004 Forbes magazine article, Gates gave away over $29 billion to charities from 2000 onwards. These donations are usually cited as sparking a substantial change in attitudes towards philanthropy among the very rich, with philanthropy becoming the norm.<ref>A 25 February, 2006 survey of philanthropy by The Economist noted, "The media, which used to take little notice of charitable donations, now eagerly rank the super-rich by their munificence..."</ref>

[modifier]

Transition

On June 16, 2006, Gates announced that he would move to a part-time role within Microsoft (leaving day-to-day operations management)<ref>Microsoft: "Microsoft Announces Plans for July 2008 Transition for Bill Gates" webpage: [1].</ref> in July 2008 to begin a full-time career in philanthropy, but would remain as chairman. Gates credited Warren Buffett with influencing his decision to commit himself to charitable causes.<ref> Carol J. Loomis

  . 
 "
   Warren Buffett Gives Away his Fortune 
     
 " , Fortune , 2006-06-25
 
  . Retrieved on 2006-12-09
 . </ref> Days later, Buffett announced that he would begin matching Gates' contributions to the Gates Foundation, up to $1.5 billion per year in stock.<ref>NPR: "Buffett Gift Sends $31 Billion to Gates Foundation," NPR All Things Considered, 26-June-2006, webpage: NPR-Buffett.</ref>

[modifier]

Awards and recognition

Image:Billgates.jpg

Bill Gates at Consumer Electronics Show, January 4, 2006

Time magazine named Gates one of the 100 people who most influenced the 20th century, as well as one of the 100 most influential people of 2004, 2005, 2006 and again in 2007. Gates and Oprah Winfrey are the only two people to make all four lists. Time also collectively named Gates, his wife Melinda and U2's lead singer Bono as the 2005 Persons of the Year for their humanitarian efforts. In a list compiled by the magazine New Statesman in 2006, he was voted eighth in the list of "Heroes of our time".<ref> Jason Cowley

  . 
 "
   Heroes of our time - the top 50 
     
 " , New Statesman
  , May 22, 2006
 
 . </ref> Gates was listed in the Sunday Times power list in 1999, named CEO of the year by Chief Executive Officers magazine in 1994, ranked number one in the "Top 50 Cyber Elite" by Time in 1998, ranked number two in the Upside Elite 100 in 1999 and was included in The Guardian as one of the "Top 100 influential people in media" in 2001.

Gates has received four honorary doctorates, from the Nyenrode Business Universiteit, Breukelen, The Netherlands in 2000,<ref>nyenrode.nl</ref> the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden in 2002, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan in 2005, and a fourth<ref>Bill Gates Gets Degree After 30 Years</ref> in June 2007, from Harvard University.<ref>Excerpts of speech at Harvard Graduation</ref> Gates was also given an honorary KBE (Knighthood) from Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom in 2005,<ref>BBC, Knighthood for Microsoft's Gates, March 2, 2005</ref> in addition to having entomologists name the Bill Gates flower fly, Eristalis gatesi, in his honor.<ref>Bill Gates' Flower Fly Eristalis gatesi Thompson</ref>

Bill delivered the keynote address at the Fall COMDEX in 1983, 1985, 1988, 1990, 1994, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2003.

Bill and Melinda received the Prince of Asturias Award for International Cooperation on May 4, 2006, in recognition of their world impact through charity giving.<ref>Bill and Melinda Gates named in Top 10 Persons of 2006, Retrieved May 9, 2006</ref> In November 2006, he and his wife were awarded the Order of the Aztec Eagle for their philanthropic work around the world in the areas of health and education, particularly in Mexico, and specifically in the program "Un país de lectores".<ref>http://diariooficial.segob.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=4936346 (Spanish) Diario Oficial de la Federación, Proclamation of the Award</ref>

[modifier]

Bill Gates in film

A 2002 film called Nothing So Strange uses a fictional assassination of Bill Gates in Los Angeles as the backbone of the plot <ref>"Nothing So Strange," IMDB</ref>.

In the 1999 docudrama Pirates of Silicon Valley Bill Gates was portrayed by Anthony Michael Hall.

[modifier]

References

[modifier]

External links

Modèle:Sisterlinks

Profiles and biographies

Pictures
- Bill Gates House Pictures
- Picture Gallery of Bill Gates

Interviews
- Bill Gates speaks with Peter Jennings of ABC
- BBC Interview with Bill Gates
- Playboy Interview with Bill Gates
- Interview with Bill Moyers
- Modèle:Google video
- Bill Gates interviewed by Jon Stewart on "The Daily Show"
- 1989 Bill Gates Talk on Microsoft - The present (1989) and future of the software industry.
- Bill Gates Charlie Rose interviews

Modèle:Start box Modèle:Succession box Modèle:Succession box Modèle:End box

Modèle:Microsoft Executives Modèle:Persondata Modèle:DEFAULTSORT:Gates, Bill ang:Bill Gates ar:بيل غيتس ast:Bill Gates bs:Bill Gates br:Bill Gates bg:Бил Гейтс ca:Bill Gates cs:Bill Gates cy:Bill Gates da:Bill Gates de:Bill Gates et:Bill Gates el:Μπιλ Γκέητς es:Bill Gates eo:Bill Gates eu:Bill Gates fa:بیل گیتس fr:Bill Gates ga:Bill Gates gl:Bill Gates ko:빌 게이츠 hi:बिल गेट्स hr:Bill Gates io:Bill Gates ilo:Bill Gates id:Bill Gates ia:Bill Gates is:Bill Gates it:Bill Gates he:ביל גייטס jv:Bill Gates ku:Bill Gates lv:Bils Geitss lt:Bilas Geitsas li:Bill Gates jbo:bil.geits hu:Bill Gates mk:Бил Гејтс mt:Bill Gates mr:बिल गेट्स ms:Bill Gates nl:Bill Gates new:बिल गेट्स ja:ビル・ゲイツ no:Bill Gates nn:Bill Gates uz:Bill Gates nds:Bill Gates pl:Bill Gates pt:Bill Gates ro:Bill Gates qu:Bill Gates ru:Гейтс, Уильям Генри III sq:Bill Gates scn:Bill Gates simple:Bill Gates sk:Bill Gates sl:Bill Gates sr:Бил Гејтс sh:Bill Gates fi:Bill Gates sv:Bill Gates tl:Bill Gates ta:பில் கேட்ஸ் th:บิลล์ เกตส์ vi:Bill Gates tr:Bill Gates uk:Ґейтс Вільям Генрі III ur:بل گیٹس yi:ביל געיטס bat-smg:Bils Geitsos zh:比尔·盖茨

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Bill Gates

Un article de Vev.

Version actuelle

Sommaire

Early life

Microsoft

BASIC

IBM partnership

Strategy and management

Personal life

Wealth and investments

Philanthropy

Transition

Awards and recognition

Bill Gates in film

References

Further reading

External links

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-{{Semi-protection}}
+{{pp-semi-protected|small=yes}}
-'''William Henry Gates III''' [[Ordre de l'Empire britannique|KBE]] dit '''Bill Gates''' (né le [[28 octobre]] [[1955]] à [[Seattle]]) est un [[informaticien]] et [[chef d'entreprise]] [[États-Unis|américain]], pionnier dans le domaine de la [[Ordinateur personnel|micro informatique]], et célèbre pour avoir fondé en [[1975]], à l'âge de 20 ans, avec son ami [[Paul Allen]], la société de [[logiciel]]s de [[Ordinateur personnel|micro-informatique]] [[Microsoft Corporation|Micro-Soft]] (renommée depuis [[Microsoft]]). Son entreprise a acheté le [[système d'exploitation]] [[QDOS]] pour en faire [[MS-DOS]], puis a conçu [[Windows]], tous deux en situation de quasi-[[monopole]] mondial. Il est également devenu, grâce au succès commercial de [[Microsoft]], l'[[Liste des milliardaires du monde|homme le plus riche du monde]] de [[1996]] à [[2007]] avec une fortune personnelle estimée à plus de 59 milliards de [[dollars]] (''[[Forbes (magazine)|Forbes]]'', septembre [[2007]]). Il est [[Ordre de l'Empire britannique|Chevalier de l'Empire Britannique]].
+<!--
-[[Image:Bill Gates in Poland.jpg|thumb|380px|Bill Gates en [[Pologne]] en [[2006]]]]
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-==Les années de formation: [[1955]]-[[1975]]==
+If you would like to experiment with Wikipedia, please copy the following address into your browser's address bar:
+http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandbox
-Bill Gates naît le [[28 octobre]] [[1955]] à [[Seattle]], État de [[Washington (État)|Washington]], aux [[États-Unis]]. Son père, [[William Henri Gates II|William Henry Gates Sr.]], est [[Avocat (métier)|avocat]] d'affaires. Sa mère, [[Mary Maxwell Gates]], est [[professeur]] et présidente de la direction de quelques entreprises et banques de l'[[United Way of America]].
-Bill Gates découvre l'[[informatique]] à la très select [[Lakeside School]] de [[Seattle]], qui dispose alors d'un [[PDP-10]] loué. Il y réalise avec son ami d'enfance [[Paul Allen]] son premier [[programme informatique]] : un jeu de [[Morpion (jeu)|morpion]].
+It will take you to a page where new users can try out the editing features!
+===================================================================================================================================
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+{{otherpeople}}
+{{Infobox Person
+| name = William Henry Gates III
+| image = Bill Gates in Poland cropped.jpg
+| caption =
+| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1955|10|28}}
+| birth_place = [[Seattle, Washington|Seattle]], [[Washington]], [[United States|U.S.]]
+| occupation = [[Chairperson|Chairman]], [[Microsoft]]<br />Co-Chair, [[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]]
+| networth = US$59 billion (2007)<ref>[http://www.forbes.com/2007/09/19/richest-americans-forbes-lists-richlist07-cx_mm_0920rich_land.html The Forbes 400]</ref>
+| spouse = [[Melinda Gates]] (1994-present)
+| children = 3
+| website = [http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/exec/billg/ Microsoft Corporation]<br>[http://www.gatesfoundation.org/ Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]
+| footnotes =
+}}
+'''William Henry Gates III'''<!-- not "KBE" --> (born [[October 28]], [[1955]]<ref>Bill Gates: Chairman, Microsoft Corp. http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/exec/billg/bio.mspx</ref>) is an [[United States|American]] [[entrepreneur]], [[software]] [[executive]], [[philanthropist]] and <!-- still -->[[chairman of the board|chairman]] of [[Microsoft]], the software company he founded with [[Paul Allen]]. During his career at Microsoft he has held the positions of [[chief executive officer|CEO]] and [[software architecture|chief software architect]], and he remains the largest individual shareholder with more than 8% of the [[common stock]].<ref>[http://www.microsoft.com/msft/reports/proxy2006.mspx Microsoft 2006 Proxy Statement]. 2006-10-06.</ref>
-En [[1968]], âgé de 13 ans, il fonde avec Allen et quelques autres, le Lakeside Programmers Group. Quelques sociétés recourront à leurs talents, essentiellement pour optimiser et sécuriser des systèmes et des applications existantes écrites en [[langage assembleur]].
+Gates is one of the best-known entrepreneurs of the [[personal computer]] revolution. Although he is widely admired,<ref>{{cite news|
+author=Staff writer|
+title=Vietnam gives Gates star welcome|
+date=2006-04-22|
+work=BBC News|
+url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4933290.stm|
+accessdate = 2006-11-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|
+last=Lam|
+first=Andrew|
+title=The fall and rise of Saigon: Vietnamese consumers make up for lost time|
+date=2005-04-24|
+work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]|
+url=http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2005/04/24/INGK5CC63P.DTL|
+accessdate = 2007-06-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|
+last=Baldauf|
+first=Scott|
+title=Gates, the biggest thing in India since the Beatles|
+date=2002-11-14|
+work=[[Christian Science Monitor]]|
+url=http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/1114/p07s02-wosc.html|
+accessdate = 2006-11-19}}</ref>
+his business tactics have been criticized as anti-competitive and in some instances ruled as such in court.<ref>{{cite journal|
+last=Shenk|
+first=David|
+title=Slamming Gates|
+journal=The New Republic|
+date=1998-01-26|
+url=http://davidshenk.com/webimages/THENEWREPUBLIC.PDF|
+accessdate = 2006-12-28}}</ref><ref>Findings of Fact. ''United States v. Microsoft'' (1998)</ref>
+Since amassing his fortune, Gates has pursued a number of [[philanthropy|philanthropic]] endeavors, donating large amounts of money to various charitable organizations and scientific research programs through the [[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]], established in 2000.
-En [[1973]], Gates entre à l'[[Université Harvard|Université d'Harvard]] à l'âge de 18 Ans. Il y rencontre [[Steve Ballmer]], futur [[Président-directeur général|PDG]] de [[Microsoft]], il abandonne rapidement ses études pour se consacrer uniquement à la [[programmation informatique]].
+The annual ''[[Forbes]]'' magazine's list of [[Lists of billionaires|The World's Billionaires]] has ranked Gates as the richest person in the world from 1995 to 2007, with recent estimates putting his net worth over $56 billion [[USD]].<ref name="forbes">{{cite web|
+first=Luisa|last=Kroll|
+coauthors=Allison Fass|
+date=2007-03-06|
+title=#1 William Gates III|
+work=The World's Billionaires|
+publisher=Forbes.com|
+url=http://www.forbes.com/lists/2007/10/07billionaires_William-Gates-III_BH69.html|
+accessdate=2007-07-29}}</ref> When family wealth is considered, [[Gates family|his family]] ranks second behind the [[Walton family]], heirs of [[Wal-Mart]] founder [[Sam Walton]]. In July 2007, ''[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]'' magazine reported that the increase in value of Mexican billionaire [[Carlos Slim Helú|Carlos Slim]]'s holdings of stock caused him to surpass Bill Gates as the world's richest man.<ref>{{cite news|
+title=Mexican tycoon overtakes Bill Gates as world's richest man|
+url=http://business.guardian.co.uk/story/0,,2117330,00.html?gusrc=rss&feed=24|
+first=Fiona |last=Walsh|
+date=2007-07-03|
+publisher=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|
+title=Latin America stocks surge anew, lift Carlos Slim also|
+url=http://www.reuters.com/article/reutersEdge/idUSN0655656120070707|
+first=Herbert|last=Lash|
+date=2007-07-07|
+publisher=Reuters}}</ref> ''Forbes'' maintains that Slim is second to Gates as of its last calculation of billionaire fortunes. Forbes does not plan to recalculate Slim's wealth until next year.<ref>{{cite news | first=Chris | last=Aspin | url=http://www.reuters.com/article/oddlyEnoughNews/idUSN0247043920070803?feedType=RSS | title=I don't care if I'm richest in world... | publisher=Reuters | date=August 3, 2007 | accessdate=2007-08-11}}</ref>
-==Premiers succès : la naissance de [[BASIC]]==
+==Early life==
+William Henry Gates III was born in [[Seattle]], [[Washington]], to [[William H. Gates, Sr.|William H. Gates, Jr.]] (now ''Sr.'') and [[Mary Maxwell Gates]]. His family was wealthy; his father was a prominent lawyer, his mother served on the board of directors for First Interstate Bank and the [[United Way of America|United Way]], and her father, J. W. Maxwell, was a [[National bank#United States|national bank]] president. Bill has one older sister, Kristi (Kristianne), and one younger sister, Libby. He was the fourth of his name in his family, but was known as William Gates III or "[[Trey]]" because his father had dropped his own "III" suffix.<ref name="gatesmogul">{{cite book|
+title =Gates: How Microsoft's Mogul Reinvented an Industry and Made Himself The Richest Man in America|
+isbn = 978-0-385-42075-7|
+year =1993|
+publisher =Touchstone|
+last=Manes|
+first=Stephen|
+coauthors=and Paul Andrews}}</ref> Several writers claim that Maxwell set up a million-dollar [[trust fund]] for Gates.<ref name="harddrive">{{cite book|
+title =Hard Drive: Bill Gates and the Making of the Microsoft Empire|
+isbn = 978-0-471-56886-5|
+year =1993|
+publisher =John Wiley & Sons|
+last=Wallace|
+first=James|
+coauthors=and Jim Erickson}}</ref>
+A 1993 biographer who interviewed both Gates and his parents (among other sources) found no evidence of this and dismissed it as one of the "fictions" surrounding Gates's fortune.<ref name="gatesmogul"/> Gates denied the trust fund story in a 1994 interview<ref name="playboy">{{cite journal
+|author =Staff writer
+|date =1994-12-08
+|title=The Bill Gates Interview
+|journal=Playboy
+|url=http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/Bill.Gates.html
+|accessdate = 2006-05-16}}</ref>
+and indirectly in his 1995 book ''The Road Ahead''.<ref>{{cite book|
+last=Stross|
+first=Randall E.|
+year=1997|
+title=The Microsoft Way|
+publisher=Perseus Books Group|
+isbn= 978-0-201-32797-7 }}</ref>
-Il co-réalise avec Allen un [[interpréteur]] [[BASIC]] pour l'[[Altair|Altair 8800]]. Cette réalisation est à la fois un tour de force et un coup de chance : le développement se fait entièrement sur [[PDP-10]] et l'[[Altair BASIC]] n'est essayé sur un véritable Altair 8800 que le jour de la démonstration, laquelle réussit parfaitement. L'Altair BASIC marque une étape dans l'histoire de la micro informatique : ce sera le premier [[langage de programmation]] à avoir fonctionné sur un [[micro-ordinateur]] commercial. Ce sera également le premier [[logiciel]] édité par [[Microsoft Corporation]] (qui s'appelle encore Micro-Soft), fondée pour l'occasion, en [[1975]], alors que Gates est âgé de 20 ans.
+Gates excelled in elementary school, particularly in [[mathematics]] and the [[science]]s. At thirteen he enrolled in the [[Lakeside School]], Seattle's most exclusive preparatory school. When he was in the eighth grade, the school mothers used proceeds from Lakeside's [[rummage sale]] to buy an [[ASR-33]] [[teletype]] [[computer terminal|terminal]] and a block of computer time on a [[General Electric]] computer.<ref name="gatesmogul"/> Gates took an interest in programming the GE system in [[BASIC programming language|BASIC]] and was excused from math classes to pursue his interest. After the Mothers Club donation was exhausted he and other students sought time on other systems, including [[Digital Equipment Corporation|DEC]] [[Programmed Data Processor|PDP]] [[minicomputer]]s. One of these systems was a [[PDP-10]] belonging to Computer Center Corporation, which banned the Lakeside students for the summer after it caught them exploiting bugs in the [[operating system]] to obtain free computer time.
-Le 3 février [[1976]], Bill Gates, écrit une lettre nommée "An open letter to hobbyists" (lettre ouverte aux amateurs), dans laquelle il condamne pour la première fois le partage illégal de l'un de ses logiciels propriétaires, le BASIC d'Altair :
+At the end of the ban, the Lakeside students (Gates, [[Paul Allen]], [[Ric Weiland]], and Kent Evans) offered to find bugs in CCC's software in exchange for free computer time. Rather than use the system via teletype, Gates went to CCC's offices and studied [[source code]] for various programs that ran on the system, not only in BASIC but [[FORTRAN]], [[LISP]], and [[machine language]] as well. The arrangement with CCC continued until 1970, when it went out of business. The following year Information Sciences Inc. hired the Lakeside students to write a [[payroll]] program in [[COBOL]], providing them not only computer time but [[royalties]] as well. At age 14, Gates also formed a venture with Allen, called [[Traf-O-Data]], to make [[traffic counter]]s based on the [[Intel 8008]] processor. That first year he made $20,000; however, when his age was discovered, business slowed.<ref>{{Cite interview|
-''We have written 6800 BASIC, and are writing 8080 APL and 6800 APL, but there is very little incentive to make this software available to hobbyists. Most directly, the thing you do is theft.''
+last=Gates|
+first=Bill|
+interviewer=David Allison|
+city=Bellevue, WA|
+year=1993}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|
+last=Chposky|
+first=James|
+coauthors=and Ted Leonsis|
+year=1989|
+title=Blue Magic: The People, the Power and the Politics Behind the IBM Personal Computer|
+publisher=Grafton|
+isbn= 978-0-246-13445-3}}</ref>
-==Le partenariat avec IBM : [[MS-DOS]], [[Windows]]==
+As a youth, Bill Gates was active in the [[Boy Scouts of America]] where he achieved its second highest rank, Life Scout. According to a press inquiry, Bill Gates stated that he scored 1590 on his [[SAT]]s.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://theweekmagazine.com/article.aspx?id=803 | title=The new—and improved?—SAT | accessdate = 2006-05-23 | publisher=The Week Magazine}}</ref>
+He enrolled at [[Harvard College]] in the fall of 1973 intending to get a [[pre-law]] degree,<ref>http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/Gates.Mirick.html#business</ref>
+but did not have a definite study plan.<ref name=larryking>{{cite interview|
+last=Gates|
+first=Bill|
+interviewer=Larry King|
+program=Larry King Live|
+callsign=CNN|
+date=2000-01-01|
+city=Redmond, WA|
+url=http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0001/01/lklw.00.html|
+accessdate = 2006-11-19}}</ref> While at Harvard, he met his future [[business]] partner, [[Steve Ballmer]], whom he later appointed as CEO of Microsoft. At the same time, he co-authored and published a paper on algorithms with computer scientist [[Christos Papadimitriou]].<ref name=gatespapadimitriou>
+{{cite journal
+ | last = Gates
+ | first = William
+ | coauthors = Papadimitriou Christos
+ | year = 1979
+ | title = Bounds for sorting by prefix reversal
+ | journal = Discrete Math
+ | volume = 27
+ | pages = 47-57
+ }}
+</ref>
-En [[1980]], [[Microsoft]] signe un contrat<ref>http://www.groklaw.net/pdf/PX00004.pdf</ref> avec [[International Business Machines Corporation|IBM]] pour développer le [[système d'exploitation]] [[MS-DOS]], à commercialiser avec chaque [[ordinateur personnel]] [[IBM PC]]. MS-DOS est commercialisé aux [[États-Unis]] à partir du [[12 août]] [[1981]], mais n'est pas développé par Microsoft: Il a, le 6 janvier 1981 acquis des droits d'exploitation de 86-DOS à la société Seattle Computer Product (SCP) <ref>http://www.groklaw.net/pdf/PX00001.pdf</ref>, puis le 22 juillet 1981 a conclu un accord de commercialisation<ref>http://www.groklaw.net/pdf/PX00002.pdf</ref> avec la société SCP permettant à Microsoft de présenter le produit comme sien et à SCP de toucher des royalties sur le volume de vente. Notons que l'accord incluait déjà une version multi-utilisateurs.
+==Microsoft==
+{{main|Microsoft}}
+===BASIC===
+After reading the January 1975 issue of ''[[Popular Electronics]]'' that demonstrated the [[Altair 8800]], Gates contacted [[Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems|MITS]] (Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems), the creators of the new microcomputer, to inform them that he and others were working on a [[BASIC]] interpreter for the platform.<ref name="keyevents">{{cite web | title=Key Events In Microsoft History | url=http://www.microsoft.com/visitorcenter/student.mspx | accessdaymonth = 1 October |accessyear=2005 }} ([[DOC]] format) </ref> In reality, Gates and Allen did not have an Altair and had not written code for it; they merely wanted to gauge MITS's interest. MITS president [[H. Edward Roberts|Ed Roberts]] agreed to meet them for a demo, and over the course of a few weeks they developed an Altair [[emulator]] that ran on a minicomputer, and then the BASIC interpreter. The demonstration, held at MITS's offices in Albuquerque, was a success and resulted in a deal with MITS to distribute the interpreter as [[Altair BASIC]]. Paul Allen was hired into MITS,<ref name=thocp1>
+ {{cite web
+ | title=Microsoft history at the History of Computing Project
+ | url=http://www.thocp.net/companies/microsoft/microsoft_company.htm
+ | accessmonthday = August 11 | accessyear=2005 }}
+</ref>
+and Gates took a [[leave of absence]] from Harvard to work with Allen at MITS, dubbing their [[partnership]] "Micro-soft" (a [[portmanteau]] of '''[[microcomputer]]''' and '''software''') in November 1975.<ref name=thocp1/> Within a year, the hyphen was dropped, and on [[November 26]], [[1976]], the tradename "Microsoft" was registered with the [[USPTO]].<ref name=thocp1/>
-Sa fortune est faite, et ne cessera plus de croître à des niveaux record. Bill Gates est persuadé qu'un jour tous les foyers et le monde professionnel seront équipés d'[[ordinateurs personnels]]. IBM est loin d'être le premier sur le marché: Apple, entre autres, s'était déjà lancé sur ce marché quatre ans auparavant avec un succès foudroyant. Le poids d'IBM et le génie commercial de Bill Gates sont alors d'une importance primordiale pour le décollage de MS-DOS.
+Microsoft's BASIC was popular with computer hobbyists, but Gates discovered that a pre-market copy had leaked into the community and was being widely copied and distributed. In February 1976, Gates wrote an [[Open Letter to Hobbyists]] in the MITS newsletter saying that MITS could not continue to produce, distribute, and maintain high-quality software without payment.<ref>[http://www.blinkenlights.com/classiccmp/gateswhine.html Bill Gates, ''An Open Letter to Hobbyists, [[February 3]], [[1976]]]</ref> This letter was unpopular with many computer hobbyists, but Gates persisted in his belief that software developers should be able to demand payment. Microsoft became independent of MITS in late 1976, and it continued to develop programming language software for various systems.
-==[[Microsoft]]==
+According to Gates, people at Microsoft often did more than one job during the early years; whoever answered the phone when an order came in was responsible for packing and mailing it. Gates oversaw the business details, but continued to write code as well. In the first five years, he personally reviewed every line of code the company shipped, and often rewrote parts of it as he saw fit.<ref name="waterloo">{{cite speech|
+url=http://www.microsoft.com/billgates/speeches/2005/10-13Waterloo.aspx|
+last=Gates|
+first=Bill|
+title=Remarks by Bill Gates|
+date=2005-10-13|
+location=Waterloo, Ontario|
+accessdate = 2006-12-11}}</ref>
-[[Microsoft]] en faisant évoluer au rythme effréné des micro-ordinateurs son [[système d'exploitation]] et sa gamme de logiciels bureautiques [[Microsoft Office]], [[traitement de texte]], [[tableur]], [[base de donnée]], utilitaires, jeux, etc. Microsoft sort la première version d'une extension graphique de son [[système d'exploitation]], [[Windows]], concurrente de [[Graphical environment manager|GEM]] et des [[Mac OS]] d'[[Apple, Inc.|Apple]] en [[1985]]. Windows est alors, et pour 10 ans encore, un simple programme, le système d'exploitation restant MS-DOS. Le succès met très longtemps à venir pour les premières versions de Windows, {{Références nécessaires|l'interface étant graphiquement très peu aboutie et d'une utilisation loin d'être intuitive}}. Windows est cependant déjà devenu le système d'exploitation le plus vendu au monde et fait la fortune de [[Microsoft]] et de ses [[actionnaire]]s, avec une emprise sur le marché mondial gravitant autour de 90%, au point de lui coûter un procès pour [[monopole]] et une grave menace de dissolution de son entreprise dans les années 2000.
+===IBM partnership===
+In 1980 [[IBM]] approached Microsoft to make the BASIC interpreter for its upcoming personal computer, the [[IBM PC]]. When IBM's representatives mentioned that they needed an [[operating system]], Gates referred them to [[Digital Research]] (DRI), makers of the widely used [[CP/M]] operating system.<ref>{{cite web|
+url=http://www.forbes.com/forbes/2002/1223/258_print.html|
+title=Pioneers Die Broke|publisher=Forbes|
+author=John Steele Gordon Michael Maiello|
+date=[[2002-12-23]]|
+accessdate = 2006-07-05}}</ref>
+IBM's discussions with Digital Research went poorly, and they did not reach a licensing agreement. IBM representative Jack Sams mentioned the licensing difficulties during a subsequent meeting with Gates and told him to get an acceptable operating system. A few weeks later Gates proposed using [[86-DOS]] (QDOS), an operating system similar to CP/M and which [[Tim Paterson]] of [[Seattle Computer Products]] had made for hardware similar to the PC. Microsoft made a deal with SCP to become the exclusive licensing agent, and later the full owner, of 86-DOS, but did not mention that IBM was a potential customer. Gates never understood why DRI had walked away from the deal, and in later years he claimed that DRI founder [[Gary Kildall]] capriciously "went flying" during an IBM appointment, a characterization that Kildall and other DRI employees would deny. After adapting the operating system for the PC, Microsoft delivered it to IBM as [[PC-DOS]] in exchange for a one-time fee<ref>{{cite web|
+url=http://www.computermuseum.li/Testpage/MSDOS-PCDOS.htm|
+title=MS DOS and PC DOS|
+work=Lexikon's History of Computing|
+accessdate = 2006-07-05}}</ref>
+Gates insisted that IBM let Microsoft keep the [[copyright]] on the operating system, because he believed that  other hardware vendors would clone IBM's system.<ref name="usnews">{{cite journal|
+author=Staff writer|
+date=2001-08-20|
+title=Interview with Bill Gates|
+journal=U.S. News & World Report|
+url=http://www.usnews.com/usnews/biztech/gatesivu.htm|
+accessdate=2007-09-12}}</ref>
+They did, and the sales of MS-DOS made Microsoft a major player in the industry.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.smartcomputing.com/editorial/article.asp?article=articles/archive/r0603/09r03/09r03.asp|title=Microsoft to Microsoft disk operating system (MS-DOS)|publisher=Smart Computing|date=March 2002|accessdate = 2006-07-05}}</ref>
-En [[1986]], Microsoft fait son entrée en [[Bourse (économie)|Bourse]]. Les investisseurs l'accueillent avec enthousiasme : le jour même, Gates devient [[milliardaire]]. Il deviendra l'homme le plus riche du monde dix ans plus tard en [[1996]]. Selon [[Forbes (magazine)|Forbes]], sa fortune personnelle était en [[2007]] estimée à 56 milliards de dollars (voir [[liste des milliardaires du monde]]). Ses [[Action (finance)|action]]s dans la société [[Microsoft]], dont il détient en [[2005]] un peu moins de 10% du [[Capital social|capital]], constituent environ 50% de sa fortune.
+===Strategy and management===
+[[Image:Billgates.JPG|thumb|250px|right|Bill Gates giving his deposition at Microsoft on [[August 27]], [[1998]]]]
+From Microsoft's founding in 1975 until 2006, Gates had primary responsibility for Microsoft's product strategy. He aggressively broadened the company's range of products, and wherever Microsoft achieved a dominant position he vigorously defended it. Many decisions that led to [[United States antitrust law|antitrust]] litigation over Microsoft's [[business practices]] have had Gates' approval. In the 1998 ''[[United States v. Microsoft]]'' case, Gates gave deposition testimony that several journalists characterized as evasive. He argued with examiner [[David Boies]] over the definitions of words such as: ''compete'', ''concerned'', ''ask'', and ''we''.<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/TECH/computing/9811/17/judgelaugh.ms.idg/index.html CNN, ''Gates deposition makes judge laugh in court'', [[November 17]], [[1998]]]</ref> ''BusinessWeek'' reported:
+{{quotation|Early rounds of his deposition show him offering obfuscatory answers and saying 'I don't recall' so many times that even the presiding judge had to chuckle. Worse, many of the technology chief's denials and pleas of ignorance were directly refuted by prosecutors with snippets of e-mail Gates both sent and received.<ref>[http://www.businessweek.com/1998/48/b3606125.htm BusinessWeek, ''Microsoft's Teflon Bill'', 11/30/98]</ref>}}
-Bien peu d'entreprises ont eu une image liée si fortement à leur fondateur, si bien qu'il a souvent été comparé à [[Henry Ford]] et à [[William Rockefeller]], qui furent comme lui à l'origine de nouveaux domaines économiques ([[Automobile|véhicules particuliers]] et industrie [[Pétrole|pétrolière]]), et également d'excès de la société de consommation.
+Gates later said that he had simply resisted attempts by Boies to mischaracterize his words and actions. As to his demeanor during the deposition, he said "Whatever that penalty is should be levied against me: rudeness to Boies in the first degree."<ref>{{cite journal|
+last=Heilemann|
+first=John|
+title=The Truth, The Whole Truth, and Nothing But The Truth|
+date=2000-11|
+journal=Wired|
+url=http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/8.11/microsoft_pr.html|
+accessdate = 2006-12-11}}</ref>
+Despite Gates' denials, the judge ruled that Microsoft had committed monopolization and tying, blocking competition, in violation of the [[Sherman Act]].
-{{Référence nécessaire|Le [[15 juin]] [[2006]], Bill Gates a annoncé qu'à partir de juillet [[2008]] il ne s'occuperait plus des affaires courantes de [[Microsoft]]}}. Il restera à son poste et conseillera certains projets mais se concentrera sur des œuvres caritatives. ([http://www.microsoft.com/billgates/speeches/2006/06-15transition.asp annonce par Bill Gates])
+As an executive, Gates met regularly with Microsoft's senior managers and program managers. Most firsthand accounts of these meetings portray him as hostile, berating managers for perceived holes in their business strategies or their proposals which place the company's long-term interests at risk.<ref name="playboy"/><ref>{{cite web|
+url=http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/exec/steve/churchillclub.mspx|
+title=Steve Ballmer Speech Transcript - Church Hill Club|
+first=Steve|last=Ballmer|
+date=[[October 9]], [[1997]]|
+publisher=Microsoft|
+work=Microsoft PressPass|
+accessdate = 2006-05-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|
+first=Michael|last=Drummond|
+title=Renegades of the Empire|
+year=1999|
+publisher=Crown|
+isbn= 978-0-609-60416-8}}</ref>
+He has been described shouting at length at employees before letting them continue, with such remarks as "That's the stupidest thing I've ever heard!" and "Why don't you just give up your options and join the [[Peace Corps]]?"<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.breakingwindows.net/1link3.htm | title=Breaking Windows | publisher=Wall Street Journal | author=David Bank|date=[[February 1]], [[1999]] | accessdate = 2006-05-16}}</ref> However, he was also known to back down when the targets of his outbursts responded frankly and directly.<ref>{{cite web
+| url=http://www.time.com/time/gates/gates5.html
+| title=The Gates Operating System
+| publisher=Time
+| date=[[January 13]], [[1997]]
+| accessdate = 2006-05-16}}</ref> When subordinates appeared to be procrastinating, he was known to quip, "Do you want me to do it over the weekend?"<ref name="pdc97">{{cite speech|
+url=http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/exec/billg/speeches/1997/pdc.aspx|
+first=Bill|last=Gates|
+title=Remarks by Bill Gates|
+location=San Diego, CA|
+date=1997-09-26|
+accessdate = 2006-05-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal
+|first=Robert J.|last=Herbold
+|date=2002-01-01
+|title=Inside Microsoft: Balancing Creativity and Discipline
+|url=http://hbswk.hbs.edu/archive/2865.html
+|journal=Harvard Business Review
+|accessdate = 2006-05-16}}</ref>
-== Vie privée ==
+In 2004, Gates told a group of 1,000 people gathered at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]], that "We want to take everything that the programmer knows, and express those in as high a level as we can," said Bill Gates. Gates forsaw machine learning applied to the diagnosis of problems "in a system". "Machine learning techniques can build a model and then use it to see if things are unusual" and that this field of science "can block the abnormal components, preserving the system's integrity and security". "We can already beat the fastest typists of Chinese with a Chinese speech recognition system". Gates also announced a solution to email [[spam]] that week, saying that for example, according to the MIT newspaper, "If mail comes in from what the spam filter thinks is a stranger, some type of proof is required".<ref>{{cite journal|author=Daher, Waseem S.|title=Gates Speaks on Spam, Searching, Jobs|url=http://www-tech.mit.edu/V124/N8/018gates.8n.html|date=[[February 27]], [[2004]]|work=The Tech|volume=124|issue=8|publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology|accessdate=2007-12-18}}</ref>
-Le {{1er_janvier}} [[1994]], il épouse [[Melinda French]], employée de [[Microsoft]], avec laquelle il a deux filles, Jennifer Katherine (née en [[1996]]) et Phœbe Adele (née en [[2002]]) et un garçon, Rory John (né en [[1999]]). Il emménage avec sa famille au bord du [[Seattle|lac de Washington]] près de [[Seattle]] dans la maison de ses rêves estimée à 50 millions de [[dollars]]{{Référence nécessaire}}.
+Gates' role at Microsoft for most of its history was primarily a management and executive role. However, he was an active software developer in the early years, particularly on the company's [[programming language]] products. He has not officially been on a development team since working on the [[TRS-80 Model 100 line]], but he wrote code as late as 1989 that shipped in the company's products.<ref name="pdc97"/> On [[June 15]], [[2006]], Gates announced that he would transition out of his day-to-day role over the next two years to dedicate more time to philanthropy. He divided his responsibilities between two successors, placing [[Ray Ozzie]] in charge of day-to-day management and [[Craig Mundie]] in charge of long-term product strategy.<ref>{{cite news
+|url=http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2006/jun06/06-15CorpNewsPR.mspx
+|title=Microsoft Announces Plans for July 2008 Transition for Bill Gates
+|publisher=Microsoft PressPass
+|author=Microsoft PressPass
+|date=[[June 15]], [[2006]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|
+first=Ina|last=Fried|
+title=Ozzie, Mundie pick up tech mantle at Microsoft|
+work=CNET News.com|
+date=2006-06-16|
+url=http://news.com.com/Ozzie,+Mundie+pick+up+tech+mantle+at+Microsoft/2008-1014_3-6084765.html|
+accessdate = 2007-02-17}}</ref>
+One of his last initiatives before announcing his departure was the creation of a [[robotics]] software group at Microsoft.
-Le [[2 mars]] [[2005]], Bill Gates est [[noblesse|anobli]] par la [[Liste des souverains anglais|reine]] [[Élisabeth II du Royaume-Uni]] au grade de [[Ordre de l'Empire britannique|chevalier d’honneur de l’ordre de l'Empire britannique]] pour sa contribution aux entreprises britanniques et pour les efforts qu'il déploie à combattre la [[pauvreté]] dans le monde. Toutefois, n'étant pas citoyen d'un pays du [[Commonwealth]], il ne peut préfixer son nom du titre [[Ordre de l'Empire britannique|Sir]]. Il peut cependant ajouter les lettres [[Ordre de l'Empire britannique|KBE (Knight of British Empire/Chevalier de l'Empire britannique)]] à la suite de son nom.
+==Personal life==
+[[Image:BillGates and Lula1852.jpeg|thumb|250px|right|Bill Gates and [[Brazil]]ian President [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]] in [[Davos]]. [[January 26]], [[2003]] ]]
+Gates married [[Melinda Gates|Melinda French]] from [[Dallas, TX |Dallas]], [[Texas]] on [[January 1]], [[1994]]. They have three children: Jennifer Katharine Gates (1996), Rory John Gates (1999) and Phoebe Adele Gates (2002).
+[[Bill Gates' house]] is one of the most expensive houses in the world, and is a modern 21st century [[earth sheltering|earth-sheltered home]] in the side of a hill overlooking [[Lake Washington]] in [[Medina, Washington|Medina]], [[Washington]]. According to [[King County, Washington|King County]] public records, [[as of 2006]], the total assessed value of the property (land and house) is $125 million, and the annual property tax is $991,000. Also among Gates' private acquisitions is the [[Codex Leicester]], a collection of writings by [[Leonardo da Vinci]], which Gates bought for USD $30.8 million at an auction in [[1994]].<ref>http://www.mos.org/leonardo/bio.html</ref>
-La majorité de l'héritage de Bill Gates devrait revenir à sa Fondation, par laquelle il est devenu l'un des plus grands donateurs pour la [[pauvreté]] dans le monde avec plusieurs centaines de millions de dollars de sa fortune personnelle. En 2006, il a annoncé qu'il lèguera 95% de sa fortune à la lutte contre les maladies et l'[[analphabétisme]] dans les pays du Sud et 5% à ses héritiers.
+Gates' e-mail address has been widely publicized, and he received as many as 4,000,000 e-mails in 2004, most of which were [[E-mail spam|spam]].<ref>{{cite news|
+first=Mike|last=Wendland|
+title=Ballmer checks out my spam problem|
+date=2004-12-02|
+work=Detroit Free Press|
+url=http://www.acme.com/mail_filtering/article_2.html|
+accessdate=2007-07-13}}</ref> He has said that much of this junk mail "offers to help [him] get out of debt or get rich quick", which "would be funny if it weren't so irritating".<ref>{{cite news|
+last=Gates|
+first=Bill|
+date=2003-06-23|
+title=Why I Hate Spam|
+work=Wall Street Journal|
+url=http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/ofnote/06-23wsjspam.mspx|
+accessdate = 2006-11-19}}</ref>
-==La Fondation Gates==
+===Wealth and investments===
+[[Image:Bill Gates Master Chief.jpg|thumb|left|An actor dressed as {{nowrap|[[Master Chief (Halo)|Master Chief]]}} stands with Bill Gates at the {{nowrap|''[[Halo 3]]''}} launch.]]Gates has been number one on the "[[Forbes 400]]" list from 1993 through to 2006 and number one on ''Forbes'' list of "[[Lists of billionaires|The World's Richest People]]" from 1995 to 2006 with 58 billion U.S. dollars. In 1999, Gates's wealth briefly surpassed $100 billion causing him to be referred to in the media as a "centibillionaire".<ref name="centibillionaire">{{cite web|url=http://lycos.ca/money/bill-gates.html|title=Bill Gates - Founder of Microsoft|publisher=Lycos Canada Money}}</ref> Since 2000, the nominal value of his Microsoft holdings has declined due to a fall in Microsoft's stock price after the [[dot-com bubble]] and the multi-billion dollar donations he has made to his charitable foundations. In May 2006, Gates said in an interview that he wished that he were not the richest man in the world, stating that he disliked the attention it brought.<ref>{{cite news|last=Bolger|first=Joe|date=2006-05-05|title=I wish I wasn't the richest man in the world, says Bill Gates|work=[[The Times]]|url=http://technology.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,19509-2166075,00.html|accessdate = 2006-11-19}}</ref> A July 3, 2007 report by [[Mexico|Mexican]] financial journalist Eduardo Garcia indicated that Gates' position as the wealthiest person in the world has in fact been usurped by [[telecommunications]] magnate [[Carlos Slim Helú]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Mexican tycoon overtakes Bill Gates as world's richest man|url=http://business.guardian.co.uk/story/0,,2117330,00.html?gusrc=rss&feed=24|first=Fiona |last=Walsh|date=2007-07-03|publisher=The Guardian}}</ref>
-En [[2000]], il crée la [[Fondation Bill & Melinda Gates]], qui a pour objectif d'apporter à la population mondiale des innovations en matière de santé et d’acquisition de connaissances, et dispose de quelque 28,8 milliards de dollars US.
+Gates has several investments outside Microsoft, which in 2006 paid him a salary of US$966,667.<ref>Year 2006 compensation: salary $616,667, bonus $350,000. From Microsoft's [http://www.microsoft.com/msft/reports/proxy2006.mspx Proxy Statement]</ref> He founded [[Corbis]], a digital imaging company, in 1989. In 2004 he became a [[Board of directors|director]] of [[Berkshire Hathaway]], the investment company headed by longtime friend [[Warren Buffett]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Fried|first=Ina|date=2004-12-14|title=Gates joins board of Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway|work=CNET News.com|url=http://news.com.com/Gates+joins+board+of+Buffetts+Berkshire+Hathaway/2100-1014_3-5491312.html|accessdate = 2006-11-19}}</ref> He is a client of [[Cascade Investment Group]], a [[wealth management]] firm with diverse holdings.
-La Fondation Gates a déjà dépensé 9,26 milliards de dollars<ref>Sixtine Léon-Dufour, « La Fondation Gates, une machine de guerre contre «les plaies» du tiers-monde », dans ''[[Le Figaro]]'' du 17/06/2006 {{Lire en ligne|lien=http://www.lefigaro.fr/eco/20060617.FIG000000791_la_fondation_gates_une_machine_de_guerre_contre_les_plaies_du_tiers_monde.html}}</ref>, en particulier pour vacciner 55 millions d'enfants.
-Ces actions ont contribué à ce que le ''[[Time Magazine]]'' désigne Bill Gates ''homme de l'année 2005'', aux côtés de son épouse Melinda et de [[Bono]] (le chanteur du groupe [[U2 (groupe)|U2]]), pour leurs actions sur le front philanthropique.
+===Philanthropy===
+In 2000, Gates and his wife founded the charitable [[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]]. The generosity and extensive philanthropy of [[David Rockefeller]] has been credited as a major influence. Bill Gates and his father have met with Rockefeller several times and have modeled their giving in part on the [[Rockefeller family]]'s philanthropic focus, namely those global problems that are ignored by governments and other organizations.<ref>[http://www.rbf.org/2005%20Annual%20Report/Chronicle%20of%20Philanthropy.pdf Philanthropy]</ref>
-==Controverses autour de la Fondation Gates==
+The foundation's grants have provided funds for college [[scholarships]] for under-represented minorities, [[AIDS]] prevention, diseases prevalent in [[third world]] countries, and other causes. In 2000, the Gates Foundation endowed the [[University of Cambridge]] with $210 million for the [[Gates Cambridge Scholarships]]. The Foundation has also pledged over $7 billion to its various causes, including $1 billion to the [[United Negro College Fund]]. According to a 2004 ''Forbes'' magazine article, Gates gave away over $29 billion to charities from 2000 onwards. These donations are usually cited as sparking a substantial change in attitudes towards [[philanthropy]] among the very rich, with philanthropy becoming the norm.<ref>A [[25 February]], [[2006]] survey of [[philanthropy]] by ''The Economist'' noted, "The media, which used to take little notice of charitable donations, now eagerly rank the super-rich by their munificence..."</ref>
-En janvier 2007, le [[Los Angeles Times]] a fait paraître un article moins flatteur sur la Fondation Gates, accusant l'organisation d'investir 95% de ses fonds dans des investissements rémunérateurs gérés par des financiers chargés de "diversifier fortement leur portefeuille mais sans directives précises". Le quotidien souligne ainsi que certaines de ces initiatives sont contradictoires avec son action philanthropique. L'article cite le cas de campagnes de vaccinations financées dans le détroit du Niger notamment par la Fondation Gates qui investirait parallèlement dans des entreprises comme Eni, Royal Dutch Shell, Exxon Mobil, Chevron et Total, des compagnies éminemment responsables de la pollution dans cette région.
-Ce genre d'affaires ne serait pas isolé, selon le Los Angeles Times, qui souligne que la fondation a investi avec profit dans plusieurs compagnies reconnues pour leur impact néfaste sur l'environnement et la santé, mais aussi dans des compagnies de crédit immobiliers accusées d'avoir dépossédé des milliers de personnes, ou des sociétés employant des enfants. La Fondation Gates n'aurait "pas usé de sa puissance et de son immense richesse pour changer le comportement des compagnies dans lesquelles elle investit"<ref>Le Courrier International, ''Les œuvres pas très charitables de la fondation Gates'' 8 janvier 2007</ref>.
+===Transition===
+On [[June 16]], [[2006]], Gates announced that he would move to a part-time role within Microsoft (leaving day-to-day operations management)<ref>Microsoft: "Microsoft Announces Plans for July 2008 Transition for Bill Gates" webpage: [http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2006/jun06/06-15CorpNewsPR.mspx].</ref> in July 2008 to begin a full-time career in [[philanthropy]], but would remain as [[chairman]]. Gates credited [[Warren Buffett]] with influencing his decision to commit himself to charitable causes.<ref>{{cite news |title=Warren Buffett Gives Away his Fortune | url=http://money.cnn.com/2006/06/25/magazines/fortune/charity1.fortune/index.htm |work=Fortune |date=2006-06-25 |author=Carol J. Loomis |accessdate = 2006-12-09}}</ref> Days later, Buffett announced that he would begin matching Gates' contributions to the Gates Foundation, up to $1.5 billion per year in stock.<ref>NPR: "Buffett Gift Sends $31 Billion to Gates Foundation," NPR ''All Things Considered'', 26-June-2006, webpage: [http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5512893 NPR-Buffett].</ref>
-== Anecdotes ==
+==Awards and recognition==
-* Il a prêté concours à une publicité [[Coca-Cola]] qui le montrait de nuit dans les bureaux de [[Microsoft]] en quête d'une pièce de 10 cents qu'il s'engageait à rembourser<ref>[http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=2428643356101239067 Voir la publicité Coca Cola]</ref>.
+<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:gates azteca.jpg|thumb|Bill Gates with [[President of Mexico]] [[Felipe Calderón]], receiving the Order of the Aztec Eagle condecoration, [[March 20]], [[2007]]]] -->
-* En [[1998]], il est victime d'un attentat à la tarte à la crème en plein visage par l'[[écrivain]] [[Belgique|belge]] entarteur [[Noël Godin]]. S'il n'a pas porté plainte, l'affaire a fait grand bruit, tant par la diffusion de la photographie sur le Web que par la réalisation du jeu ''Pie Gates''.
+[[Image:Billgates.jpg|thumb|Bill Gates at [[Consumer Electronics Show]], [[January 4]], [[2006]]]]
-* Il aurait loué ''tous les [[hélicoptère]]s'' dans un large rayon autour du lieu de son mariage afin de ne pas être ennuyé par les [[paparazzi]].
+''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine named Gates one of the 100 people who most influenced the 20th century, as well as one of the 100 most influential people of 2004, 2005, 2006 and again in 2007. Gates and [[Oprah Winfrey]] are the only two people to make [[Time 100|all four lists.]] ''Time'' also collectively named Gates, his wife [[Melinda Gates|Melinda]] and [[U2]]'s lead singer [[Bono]] as the 2005 [[Person of the Year|Persons of the Year]] for their humanitarian efforts. In a list compiled by the magazine ''[[New Statesman]]'' in 2006, he was voted eighth in the list of "Heroes of our time".<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.newstatesman.com/200605220016 | title=Heroes of our time - the top 50 | publisher=New Statesman | author=Jason Cowley |date=[[May 22]], [[2006]]}}</ref> Gates was listed in the ''[[The Sunday Times (UK)|Sunday Times]]'' power list in 1999, named CEO of the year by ''Chief Executive Officers magazine'' in 1994, ranked number one in the "Top 50 Cyber Elite" by ''Time'' in 1998, ranked number two in the ''[[Upside (magazine)|Upside]]'' Elite 100 in 1999 and was included in ''[[The Guardian]]'' as one of the "Top 100 influential people in media" in 2001.
-* En [[1994]], Gates a acquis aux [[enchère]]s le ''[[Codex Hammer|Codex Hammer (ex Codex Leicester)]]'', célèbre manuscrit crypté de [[Léonard de Vinci]], pour 30,8 millions de dollars.
-* Bill Gates a publié un article scientifique avec Christos Papadimitriou dans la revue ''Discrete Mathematics'' intitulé ''Bornes pour les tris par renversement des index'', dont la référence précise est Gates W.H.; Papadimitriou, C.H. ''Bounds for sorting by prefix reversal.'' Discrete Math. 27 (1979), 47--57.
-* Bill Gates se fait tuer dans le film ''[[South Park, le film : Plus long, plus grand et pas coupé|South Park]]'' par le chef de l'[[armée américaine]], pour cause de la lenteur de [[Windows 98]].
-* Bill Gates est aussi connu pour être un joueur de [[bridge]]<ref>[http://www.borokrom.com/Graphiques/bill%20gates.htm passionné borokrom.com]</ref>.
-* Bill Gates a brièvement rencontré [[José Bové]] à Paris en janvier 2007<ref>[http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x14yc4_quand-jose-bove-croise-bill-gates_politics dailymotion.com]</ref>.
-== Publications ==
+Gates has received four [[honorary doctorate]]s, from the [[Nyenrode Business Universiteit]], [[Breukelen]], [[The Netherlands]] in 2000,<ref>[http://www.nyenrode.nl/news/news_full.cfm?publication_id=599 nyenrode.nl]</ref> the [[Royal Institute of Technology]], [[Stockholm]], [[Sweden]] in 2002, [[Waseda University]], [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]] in 2005, and a fourth<ref>[http://p7.tech.mud.yahoo.com/blogs/hughes/13653 Bill Gates Gets Degree After 30 Years]</ref> in June 2007, from [[Harvard University]].<ref>[http://blog.seattlepi.nwsource.com/microsoft/archives/116363.asp Excerpts of speech at Harvard Graduation]</ref> Gates was also given an [[British honours system#Honorary Awards|honorary KBE]] ([[Knight]]hood) from [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Queen Elizabeth II]] of the [[United Kingdom]] in 2005,<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/3428673.stm BBC, ''Knighthood for Microsoft's Gates'', [[March 2]], [[2005]]]</ref> in addition to having [[entomology|entomologists]] name the Bill Gates flower fly, ''[[Bill Gates' flower fly|Eristalis gatesi]]'', in his honor.<ref>[http://www.sel.barc.usda.gov/Diptera/syrphid/gates.htm Bill Gates' Flower Fly Eristalis gatesi Thompson]</ref>
-* ''La route du futur'' (''The Road Ahead''), de Bill Gates, [[Nathan Myhrvold]] et [[Peter Rinearson]] (1995), éditions Robert Laffont, ISBN 2266075152
+Bill delivered the keynote address at the Fall [[COMDEX]] in 1983, 1985, 1988, 1990, 1994, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2003.
-* ''Le travail à la vitesse de la pensée'' (''Business @ the Speed of Thought''), de Bill Gates et [[Collins Hemingway]] (1999), éditions Robert Laffont
-== Voir aussi ==
+Bill and Melinda received the [[Prince of Asturias Award]] for International Cooperation on [[May 4]], [[2006]], in recognition of their world impact through charity giving.<ref>[http://top10.wikia.com/wiki/Persons_of_the_Year_2006 Bill and Melinda Gates named in Top 10 Persons of 2006], Retrieved [[May 9]], [[2006]]</ref> In November 2006, he and his wife were awarded the [[Order of the Aztec Eagle]] for their philanthropic work around the world in the areas of health and education, particularly in Mexico, and specifically in the program "Un país de lectores".<ref>http://diariooficial.segob.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=4936346 (Spanish) [[Diario Oficial de la Federación]], Proclamation of the Award</ref>
-{{Commons|Bill Gates|Bill Gates}}
-===Notes===
+==Bill Gates in film==
-{{reflist}}
+A 2002 film called ''[[Nothing So Strange]]'' uses a fictional assassination of Bill Gates in [[Los Angeles]] as the backbone of the plot <ref>"[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0274639/ Nothing So Strange]," ''[[IMDB]]''</ref>.
-=== Article connexe ===
-* [[Microsoft]]
-=== Liens externes ===
+In the 1999 [[docudrama]] ''[[Pirates of Silicon Valley]]'' Bill Gates was portrayed by [[Anthony Michael Hall]].{{-}}
-====Favorables====
-* {{en}} [http://www.microsoft.com Site officiel Microsoft]
-* {{en}} [http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/exec/billg/default.mspx Site personnel de Bill Gates]
-====Défavorables====
+==References==
-* {{fr}} [http://www.zdnet.fr/actualites/technologie/0,39020809,2109752,00.htm Stallman vs Gates]
+{{reflist|2}}
-* {{fr}} [http://www.courrierinternational.com/article.asp?obj_id=69663 Article Courrier International: "PHILANTHROPIE •  Les œuvres pas très charitables de la fondation Gates"]
-* {{en}} [http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-na-gates8jan08,0,7911824.story?page=1&coll=la-home-headlines Article Los Angeles Times: "Money clashes with mission"]
-{{Multi bandeau|Portail États-Unis d'Amérique|Portail biographie|portail informatique}}
+==Further reading==
+* {{cite book |last= Bank |first= David |year= 2001 |title= Breaking Windows: How Bill Gates Fumbled the Future of Microsoft |publisher= Free Press |isbn= 978-0-7432-0315-9 }}
+* {{cite book |last= Edstrom |first= Jennifer |coauthors= [[Marlin Eller]] |year= 1998 |title= [[Barbarians Led by Bill Gates|Barbarians Led by Bill Gates: Microsoft from the Inside]] |publisher= Henry Holt & Company |isbn= 978-0-8050-5755-3 }}
+* {{cite book |last= Gates |first= Bill |year= 1999 |title= [[Business @ the Speed of Thought]] |publisher= Business Plus |isbn= 978-0-446-67596-3 }}
+* {{cite book |last= Gates |first= Bill |year= 1995 |title= [[The Road Ahead]] |publisher= Penguin |isbn= 978-0-14-026040-3 }}
+* {{cite book |last= Lesinski |first= Jeanne M. |year= 2000 |title= Bill Gates |publisher= Lerner Publications |isbn= 978-0-8225-9689-9 }}
+* {{cite book |last= Lowe |first= Janet |authorlink= Janet Lowe |year= 1998 |title= Bill Gates Speaks: Insight from the World's Greatest Entrepreneur |publisher= [[John Wiley & Sons]] |isbn= 978-0-471-29353-8 }}
+* {{cite book |last= Manes |first= Stephen |authorlink= Stephen Manes |coauthors= Paul Andrews |year= 1993 |title= Gates: How Microsoft's Mogul Reinvented an Industry and Made Himself the Richest Man in America |publisher= Touchstone |isbn= 978-0-671-88074-3 }}
+* {{cite book |last= Rivlin |first= Gary |year= 2000 |title= The Plot to Get Bill Gates |publisher= Three Rivers Press |isbn= 978-0-8129-9073-7 }}
+* {{cite book |last= Wallace |first= James |coauthors= Jim Erickson |year= 1993 |title= Hard Drive: Bill Gates and the Making of the Microsoft Empire |publisher= Harper Business |isbn= 978-0-88730-629-7 }}
+* {{cite book |last= Wallace |first= James |year= 1997 |title= Overdrive: Bill Gates and the Race to Control Cyberspace |publisher= [[John Wiley & Sons]] |isbn= 978-0-471-18041-8 }}
-{{Lien BA|en}}
+==External links==
+{{sisterlinks|Bill Gates}}
+*'''Profiles and biographies'''
+**[http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/exec/billg/bio.mspx Biography of Bill Gates at Microsoft.com]
+**[http://www.time.com/time/gates/cover0.html Time Magazine Profile]
+**[http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/Gates.Mirick.html Bill Gates before Microsoft]
+**[http://www.gatesfoundation.org/ Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]
+**[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3428721.stm BBC: Bill Gates profile]
+**[http://www.voteview.com/gates.htm Entrepreneurs and American Economic Growth: William H. Gates]
+**[http://www.forbes.com/static/bill2005/LIRBH69.html Forbes: World's Richest People]
+**[http://evan.snew.com/ecgi/bgnw.cgi Bill Gates Net Worth Page]
+**[http://www.templetons.com/brad/billg.html Bill Gates Wealth Index]
+**[http://www.reuters.com/article/domesticNews/idUSN0730259120070607 Bill Gates returns to Harvard for degree]
+**{{imdb name|id=0309540|name=Bill Gates}}
+*'''Pictures'''
+**[http://labnol.blogspot.com/2005/05/inside-bill-gates-home.html Bill Gates House Pictures]
+**[http://www.zilliontech.com/knowledge/billgates.html Picture Gallery of Bill Gates]
+*'''Interviews'''
+**[http://abcnews.go.com/WNT/story?id=506354&amp;amp;page=1 Bill Gates speaks with Peter Jennings of ABC]
+**[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/4382112.stm BBC Interview with Bill Gates]
+**[http://beginnersinvest.about.com/od/billgates/l/blbillgatesint.htm Playboy Interview with Bill Gates]
+**[http://www.pbs.org/now/transcript/transcript_gates.html Interview with Bill Moyers]
+**{{google video|-1570088833224980251|Charlie Rose - An hour with Bill Gates}}
+**[http://www.comedycentral.com/motherload/index.jhtml?ml_video=81467 Bill Gates interviewed by Jon Stewart on "The Daily Show"]
+**[http://www.csclub.uwaterloo.ca/media/1989%20Bill%20Gates%20Talk%20on%20Microsoft.html 1989 Bill Gates Talk on Microsoft] - The present (1989) and future of the software industry.
+**[http://www.charlierose.com/guests/bill-gates Bill Gates] ''[[Charlie Rose (talk show)|Charlie Rose]]'' interviews
+{{start box}}
+{{succession box|
+before=[[Warren Buffett]]|
+title=[[Lists of billionaires|World's Richest Person]]|
+years=[[1996]]-[[2007]]|
+after= Incumbent
+}}
+{{succession box|
+ title=[[Person of the Year|Time's Persons of the Year]] (The [[Good Samaritan]]s, alongside [[Bono]] and [[Melinda Gates]]|
+ before=[[George W. Bush]]|
+ after=[[You (Time Magazine Person of the Year 2006)|You]]|
+ years=[[2005]]|
+}}
+{{end box}}
+{{Microsoft Executives}}
+{{Persondata
+|NAME=Gates, William Henry,III
+|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=Gates, Bill
+|SHORT DESCRIPTION=Business entrepreneur
+|DATE OF BIRTH={{Birth date and age|1955|10|28|mf=y}}
+|PLACE OF BIRTH=[[Seattle, Washington|Seattle]], [[Washington]]
+|DATE OF DEATH= N/A
+|PLACE OF DEATH= N/A
+}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Gates, Bill}}
-[[Catégorie:Bill Gates|*]]
-[[Catégorie:Naissance en 1955]]
+[[Category:Bill Gates|*]]
-[[Catégorie:Ancien élève d'Harvard]]
+[[Category:Microsoft employees]]
-[[Catégorie:Personnalité américaine en informatique]]
+[[Category:Businesspeople in software]]
-[[Catégorie:Personnalité américaine du monde des affaires]]
+[[Category:Computer pioneers]]
-[[Catégorie:Personnalité engagée dans la lutte contre le SIDA]]
+[[Category:Windows people]]
-[[Catégorie:Personnalité en systèmes d'exploitation]]
+[[Category:American agnostics]]
-[[Catégorie:Joueur de bridge]]
+[[Category:American businesspeople]]
-[[Catégorie:Microsoft]]
+[[Category:American chief executives]]
+[[Category:American computer programmers]]
+[[Category:American technology writers]]
+[[Category:American philanthropists]]
+[[Category:Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation people]]
+[[Category:American billionaires]]
+[[Category:National Medal of Technology recipients]]
+[[Category:Time magazine Persons of the Year]]
+[[Category:People from Seattle]]
+[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire]]
+[[Category:Honorary British knighthoods]]
+[[Category:1955 births]]
+[[Category:Living people]]
+[[Category:Members and associates of the United States National Academy of Engineering|Gates]]
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 [[pt:Bill Gates]]
-[[qu:Bill Gates]]
 [[ro:Bill Gates]]
+[[qu:Bill Gates]]
 [[ru:Гейтс, Уильям Генри III]]
+[[sq:Bill Gates]]
 [[scn:Bill Gates]]
-[[sh:Bill Gates]]
 [[simple:Bill Gates]]
 [[sk:Bill Gates]]
 [[sl:Bill Gates]]
-[[sq:Bill Gates]]
 [[sr:Бил Гејтс]]
+[[sh:Bill Gates]]
+[[fi:Bill Gates]]
 [[sv:Bill Gates]]
+[[tl:Bill Gates]]
 [[ta:பில் கேட்ஸ்]]
 [[th:บิลล์ เกตส์]]
-[[tl:Bill Gates]]
+[[vi:Bill Gates]]
 [[tr:Bill Gates]]
 [[uk:Ґейтс Вільям Генрі III]]
 [[ur:بل گیٹس]]
-[[uz:Bill Gates]]
-[[vi:Bill Gates]]
 [[yi:ביל געיטס]]
+[[bat-smg:Bils Geitsos]]
 [[zh:比尔·盖茨]]