Bleach (manga)

Un article de Vev.

Modèle:Redirect Modèle:Infobox animanga/Header Modèle:Infobox animanga/Manga Modèle:Infobox animanga/Anime Modèle:Infobox animanga/Other Modèle:Infobox animanga/Footer Modèle:Nihongo is an ongoing manga series written and illustrated by manga artist Tite Kubo that has appeared in Weekly Shonen Jump magazine since August 2001.

Bleach follows the adventures of Ichigo Kurosaki, a high school student with the ability to see ghosts, and Rukia Kuchiki, a shinigami (Soul Reaper or, literally, "death god"). The early parts of the story focus mainly on the characters. As events unfold, the story begins to delve deeper into the world of these gods of death.

The manga series has been adapted into an animated television series, two OVAs, two animated feature films, a rock musical, numerous video games and a TCG (Trading Card Game). Compilation volumes of the manga have sold over 40 million copies in Japan, and have reached the top of manga sales charts in the United States. The manga received the Shogakukan Manga Award in 2005, and the anime has been nominated for several American Anime Awards.

Sommaire

1 Introduction
2 Characters
- 2.1 Main characters
- 2.2 Character types
3 Setting
4 Media information
5 References
6 External links

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Introduction

Modèle:See also

Image:Hollow2.jpg

Ichigo facing an attacking hollow, Fishbone D.

The story opens with the sudden appearance of the shinigami Rukia Kuchiki in Ichigo Kurosaki's bedroom. She is surprised at his ability to see her, but their resulting conversation is interrupted by the appearance of a hollow, an evil spirit. After Rukia is severely wounded while trying to protect Ichigo, she intends to transfer half her powers to Ichigo, hoping to give him the opportunity to face the hollow on equal footing. Ichigo unintentionally absorbs almost all her powers instead, allowing him to defeat the hollow with ease.

The next day, Rukia appears in Ichigo's classroom as a transfer student. Much to his surprise, she appears to be a normal human. She theorizes that it was the unusual strength of Ichigo's spirit that caused him to absorb almost all her powers, thus leaving her stranded in the human world. Rukia has transferred herself into a gigai — an artificial human body — while waiting to recover her abilities. In the meantime, Ichigo must take over her job as a shinigami, battling hollows and guiding lost souls to Soul Society.

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Characters

All Bleach characters are "souls". Living humans contain souls within their bodies, while disembodied souls, or spirits, have a form composed of particles of spiritual energy called Modèle:Nihongo, which otherwise mimics human anatomy, aside from slowed aging. This form encompasses all of the spirit's being; there is no distinction between spirit and body. There are a variety of different types of spirits in Bleach, each with a different visual theme and approach to combat.

In addition to being a world of several species with supernatural ability, Bleach also has a great variety of characters, personalities, as well as power. At the beginning, the story focused largely on Ichigo and his beginnings as a soul reaper in his hometown of Karakura. Later on, the story centered around not only on Ichigo and his friends, but also a myriad of shinigami. Unlike the modern description of a "death god," the shinigami in Bleach have very eccentric characters with such variety that are only matched on how each of them look. Most of them play significant roles in Ichigo's quest to protect his loved ones as well as providing motives for Ichigo's increasing power to truly be his namesake; "the one who protects."

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Main characters

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Modèle:Nihongo Modèle:Anime voices: The primary protagonist of Bleach, orange haired high school junior Ichigo Kurosaki is forced to become a substitute shinigami after unwittingly absorbing most of Rukia's powers. His cynical nature at first makes him ill-disposed towards the duty, but with the passage of time he comes to accept and welcome it, recognizing that even if he is not able to save everyone, he can at least use his skills to protect those close to him.

Modèle:Nihongo Modèle:Anime voices: Rukia Kuchiki is a cool-tempered shinigami who was sent on a hollow extermination patrol in Ichigo Kurosaki's hometown. Though her physical appearance is that of a teenage girl, in reality she is around 150 years old. Rukia is forced to transfer her power to Ichigo and assume a temporary lifestyle as a regular human. She registers at the local high school and takes up residence in Ichigo's closet, while teaching him how to be a substitute shinigami in her place.

Modèle:Nihongo Modèle:Anime voices: Orihime Inoue is a long-time classmate of Ichigo, closely linked to him by mutual friend Tatsuki Arisawa. She is effectively an orphan, as she and her elder brother Sora ran away from their abusive home at a young age, and her brother later died. Though initially devoid of spiritual powers, she begins to develop spiritual awareness and later obtains one of the most powerful healing abilities in the Bleach universe, able to completely restore a body to its previous state regardless of how severely it is wounded.

Modèle:Nihongo Modèle:Anime voices: Yasutora Sado, better known as Chad, is one of Ichigo's few friends at school. He is a biracial (Japanese/Mexican) student who towers over his classmates. Despite his imposing appearance he is quite meek, and refuses to fight unless it is for the sake of another. He does not have awareness of ghosts at first, but can still touch hollows, and eventually is able to see them when he witnesses a group of children being attacked by a hollow. He discovers a unique ability that strengthens and armors his arms, enabling him to fight hollows.

Modèle:Nihongo Modèle:Anime voices: A mysterious and cheery man, Kisuke Urahara runs the Urahara Shop, a candy store that also sells supernatural items to shinigami. Despite his sanguine nature he is one of the most significant figures in the Bleach universe, bearing immense knowledge of the spiritual realms which he uses to mastermind the operations of the protagonists.

Modèle:Nihongo Modèle:Anime voices: Though on the surface nothing more than the solitary class genius, Uryū Ishida is actually a Quincy, descendant of a line of priest-like hollow-hunting archers. He bears a deep grudge against all shinigami, including Ichigo, but comes to view Ichigo differently over time, eventually becoming an ally and friendly rival.

Modèle:Nihongo Modèle:Anime voices: Renji Abarai is an elite shinigami bearing the rank of 6th Division lieutenant, making him second in command of a sub-branch of the shinigami armed forces. Although first introduced as a deadly enemy, he has conflicting loyalties between his duties and Rukia, whom he grew up with. A brash and driven man, he holds both a deep respect and animosity towards his immediate superior, 6th Division captain Byakuya Kuchiki.

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Character types

Human: The humans of Bleach are much like the residents of modern Japan, and most cannot see or sense disembodied spirits in any way. Spirits can, however, inhabit artificial human bodies called gigai which are visible to ordinary humans. One in 50,000 humans is a medium with some awareness of nearby spirits, but only a third of these are able to see them clearly, and only the strongest of mediums are able to speak with or touch spirits.<ref>Kubo, Tite (2002). Bleach, Volume 1. Tokyo, Japan: Shueisha, chapter 1, 9. ISBN 4-08-873213-8</ref> Certain unique humans naturally have both the power to sense and the strength to fight with spirits. Ordinary humans can gain the ability to interact with spirits by spending time around a large source of spirit energy.<ref>Kubo, Tite (2002). Bleach, Volume 6. Tokyo, Japan: Shueisha, chapter 44, 19. ISBN 4-08-873366-5</ref>

Plus: Benign spirits in Bleach are known as pluses (wholes in the official English editions). A plus is the spirit of a person who has died.<ref name="Rukia explains: souls">Kubo, Tite (2002). Bleach, Volume 1. Tokyo, Japan: Shueisha, chapter 1, 19-21. ISBN 4-08-873213-8</ref> A chain, known as the Modèle:Nihongo, protrudes from the chest and binds the plus to a location, object or person that they felt close to in life.<ref name="Rukia explains: Kanonji">Kubo, Tite (2002). Bleach, Volume 4. Tokyo, Japan: Shueisha, chapter 28, 10-12. ISBN 4-08-873310-X</ref> The soul can move about freely if the chain is broken, but this also causes the chain to corrode.<ref name="Rukia explains: Kanonji"/> Normally, pluses are sent to Soul Society by shinigami in a ritual called Modèle:Nihongo before this corrosion becomes significant. If the Chain of Fate is corroded entirely before a soul burial can be performed, a hole will form in the chest of the soul where the chain was once anchored. Such souls are driven mad and become evil spirits known as hollows.<ref name="Rukia explains: Kanonji"/> If the Chain of Fate is torn out deliberately, this also leads to spiritual degradation.<ref>Kubo, Tite (2002). Bleach, Volume 4. Tokyo, Japan: Shueisha, chapter 28, 18. ISBN 4-08-873310-X</ref>

Shinigami: Shinigami (Soul Reapers in the official English editions, Death Gods in most subtitled versions) are the psychopomps of Bleach. They are souls with inner spiritual power, recruited from the ranks of the residents and nobility of Soul Society. Like all spirits, they cannot be detected by normal humans. Shinigami use their zanpakutō, supernatural swords that are the manifestation of their owners' power, to perform soul burials on pluses.<ref name="Rukia explains: souls" /> Shinigami also use zanpakutō and magic known as kidō to fight their archrivals, the hollows.<ref name="Rukia explains: souls" /> A group of shinigami known as the vizard have obtained hollow powers, gaining removable masks and access to certain hollow abilities.

Hollow: The hollows are the major antagonists of Bleach. They are evil spirits who reside in Hueco Mundo but travel to the living world to feed on the souls of the living and dead alike. Like shinigami, hollows are made of spiritual matter and cannot be detected by ordinary humans. While the majority of hollows can be overcome by the average shinigami, there are some which surpass even the most elite shinigami in strength. All normal hollows wear white masks,<ref name="Rukia explains: Kanonji" /> but a small group of hollows have broken them, becoming arrancar. By shattering their masks, these hollows regain the ability to reason, sometimes obtain a humanoid form, and gain access to shinigami powers.<ref>Kubo, Tite (2006). Bleach, Volume 21. Tokyo, Japan: Shueisha, chapter 187, 14. ISBN 4-08-874027-0</ref>

Image:Quincy (Bleach).jpg

Quincy with their distinctive bows.

Quincy: The Quincy are a clan of spiritually aware humans who once fought against the hollows, using bows composed of spiritual energy to slay them.<ref name="Urahara explains: Quincy">Kubo, Tite (2002). Bleach, Volume 5. Tokyo, Japan: Shueisha, chapter 36, 12-14. ISBN 4-08-873335-5</ref> As opposed to shinigami, Quincy absorb and channel energy from their surroundings to fight.<ref>Kubo, Tite (2002). Bleach, Volume 6. Tokyo, Japan: Shueisha, chapter 49, 2. ISBN 4-08-873366-5</ref> Unlike the shinigami method of killing hollows which allows the hollow to enter Soul Society, the Quincy technique simply destroys the hollow's soul entirely.<ref name="Urahara explains: Quincy"/> This method has the propensity to shatter the balance of the universe, because when souls are destroyed, the number of souls entering and leaving Soul Society cannot remain equal.<ref>Kubo, Tite (2002). Bleach, Volume 6. Tokyo, Japan: Shueisha, chapter 46, 1-6. ISBN 4-08-873366-5</ref> This issue prompted the shinigami to conduct a campaign to exterminate the Quincy about 200 years before the main storyline.<ref>Kubo, Tite (2002). Bleach, Volume 6. Tokyo, Japan: Shueisha, chapter 46, 9. ISBN 4-08-873366-5</ref> At least two Quincy still remain.

Artificial soul: Artificial souls (Also known as Modified Souls, or Mod Souls) are a type of soul mass-produced by the shinigami.<ref name="Rukia explains: artificial souls">Kubo, Tite (2002). Bleach, Volume 2. Tokyo, Japan: Shueisha, chapter 13, 14-16. ISBN 4-08-873237-5</ref> Issued in pill form, they are used to force shinigami out of their gigai during protracted stays in the living world, and also to evict pluses that refuse to leave their bodies after death.<ref name="Rukia explains: artificial souls"/> They come with a pre-programmed personality that animates the host body until the owner returns.<ref name="Rukia explains: artificial souls"/> In addition to the mundane versions, a series of experimental souls authorized and created by shinigami researchers exists.<ref name="Rukia explains: modsouls">Kubo, Tite (2002). Bleach, Volume 2. Tokyo, Japan: Shueisha, chapter 15, 9-10. ISBN 4-08-873237-5</ref> Known as modified souls, these were meant to hunt hollows by possessing soulless human bodies and supercharging a particular aspect of them (for example, strength or speed).<ref name="Rukia explains: modsouls"/> The shinigami decided to scrap the project due to the inhumanity of forcing dead bodies to fight, and ordered the destruction of all modified souls.<ref name="Rukia explains: modsouls"/> Only one modified soul exists in the manga (Kon), but there are three more such characters in the anime.
Bount: Exclusive to the anime, the Bounts are a clan of human beings with high spiritual energy and special powers. They were accidentally created by shinigami scientists looking for a way to create eternal life. Bounts consume the souls of human beings to survive; theoretically, a Bount could live forever by doing so. Although the Bounts have a strict rule to consume only the souls of the dead, the final group of Bounts chose to drain souls from living humans in order to become more powerful. Each Bount uses a "doll" in combat, a type of familiar possessing its own special abilities. Every doll is unique and is a manifestation of the user's power. If the doll is destroyed, its owner is destroyed as well.

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Setting

Image:Soul Society.jpg

A view of Seireitei in Soul Society.

The planes of existence in the Bleach universe broadly correspond to the life and afterlife of human belief systems. The living humans of Bleach reside in a world resembling present-day Japan; buried souls live in a kind of Heaven called Soul Society; evil souls are sent to Hell. Once in Soul Society, a spirit is able to live longer than humans in the living world, with many aging into the thousands of years. Once a spirit dies in Soul Society, its soul is sent back to the living world and reborn as a new human. This provides the two worlds with balance.

Human world: The human world of Bleach is modern Japan, specifically, a fictional area of Western Tokyo called Karakura Town.<ref name="Karakura">Kubo, Tite (2006). Bleach Official Character Book SOULs. Tokyo, Japan: Shueisha, 31. ISBN 4-08-874079-3</ref> In this world, Ichigo attends school and fights hollows. Places of note are the high school, the Urahara Shop, the river where Ichigo's mother was killed, the cemetery, Karakura Hospital, and Ichigo and Orihime's homes.
Soul Society: Soul Society consists of an expansive walled city Modèle:Nihongo, in the center and four regions, each with 80 districts, outside of it. The districts outside of the Seireitei are known as the Modèle:Nihongo and are the place where non-shinigami and commoners live.<ref>Kubo, Tite (2003). Bleach, Volume 9. Tokyo, Japan: Shueisha, chapter 71, 18. ISBN 4-08-873495-5</ref> The district number of the Rukongai (ranging from 1 to 80) also describes its conditions.<ref name="Renji flashback">Kubo, Tite (2003). Bleach, Volume 11. Tokyo, Japan: Shueisha, chapter 98, 5. ISBN 4-08-873555-2</ref> District 1, the closest to Seireitei, is peaceful and orderly, while the most distant District 80 is filled with criminals and has the poorest living conditions.<ref name="Renji flashback"/> A king resides in another realm within Soul Society. <ref>Kubo, Tite (2006). Bleach, Volume 25. Tokyo, Japan: Shueisha, chapter 223, 07. ISBN 4-08-874289-3</ref>
Hueco Mundo: Hueco Mundo is the area between the human world and Soul Society. Literally meaning "hollow world" (the word hueco can also mean "hole"), it is where hollows reside, and are undetectable as long as they remain inside. Entrances to Hueco Mundo are created by ripping the dimensional fabric between the two worlds. Hueco Mundo is divided into three sections. On the surface is a desert-like realm, held in perpetual nighttime and home to the strongest hollows and the Las Noches palace. Directly underneath is the Forest of Menos, home to general menos and almost all the Gillian. A third layer, below the Forest of Menos, is explored in the anime, but is only mentioned in the manga. <ref>Bleach Episode 147</ref>

Image:Gates of hell bleach.png

Gates of Hell

Hell: Hell is the destination of those who committed unforgivably evil acts during their lives in the human world. When a hollow whose mortal soul is too wicked to enter Soul Society is slain by a zanpakutō, the gates of hell (giant doors held by skeletons) appear and begin to open. A giant, laughing spiritual being with a blade spears the wicked spirit and drags it down into hell.<ref>Kubo, Tite (2002). Bleach, Volume 2. Tokyo, Japan: Shueisha, chapter 12, 8-13. ISBN 4-08-873366-5</ref>

Bleach characters move from world to world by several means. Shinigami open passages between worlds by means of their zanpakutō. Butterflies created during soul burial, called Modèle:Nihongo, make these routes safe. Human souls usually cross between planes only through birth into the human world or soul burial by shinigami. Living humans can also use special portals to move between worlds, but this is dangerous. While hollows are portrayed as able to move between planes at will by opening rifts in space, they usually remain in Hueco Mundo due to the risk of discovery in Soul Society or the human world. Encounters between characters crossing realms are a driving plot force in Bleach.

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Media information

Main article: Bleach media and materials

Since its first appearance in August 2001, the Bleach manga has appeared weekly in Shueisha's Shonen Jump magazine. Shueisha also compiles the chapters into bimonthly tankōbon volumes. The first volume of the manga has sold over 1.25 million copies in Japan,<ref>2ch Jump Log Modèle:Ja icon. Accessed 2007-03-27.</ref> and the manga series as a whole has sold over 40 million volumes.<ref>2ch Jump Log Modèle:Ja icon. Accessed 2007-07-12.</ref> In 2005, Bleach was awarded the prestigious Shogakukan Manga Award in the shōnen category.<ref>Shogakukan Manga Award Modèle:Ja icon. Accessed 2006-12-14.</ref>

The Bleach animated TV series is broadcast on Wednesdays by TV Tokyo and affiliated stations throughout Japan. It is co-produced by TV Tokyo, Dentsu and Studio Pierrot and directed by Noriyuki Abe, with character designs by Masashi Kudō and music by Shiro Sagisu.<ref>TV Tokyo's Bleach staff listing Modèle:Ja icon Accessed 2007-03-27</ref> The series premiered on October 5, 2004. The first 63 episodes were based on the manga, and they were followed by 46 original episodes. Beginning with episode 110, the anime has returned to the manga storyline, incorporating elements from the filler episodes. In addition, two OVAs have been produced and an animated film, Bleach: Memories of Nobody, premiered in Japan on December 16, 2006. The second Bleach film, Bleach: The DiamondDust Rebellion, will be released on December 22, 2007.<ref>Bleach: Memories of Nobody website Accessed 2007-06-07</ref> In a 2006 internet poll by TV Asahi, Bleach was ranked as Japan's seventh-favorite anime program.<ref>"Japan's Favorite TV Anime" on Anime News Network. Accessed 2006-12-14.</ref>

Viz Media has released 21 English-language volumes of the manga in North America, and numerous scanlation groups continue to release unofficial English translations of new chapters. North American sales of the manga have been high, with Volume 16 placing in the top 10 graphic novel sales in December 2006<ref>Top 100 Graphic Novels Actual--December 2006 on ICv2. Accessed 2007-03-28.</ref> and Volume 17 being the best-selling manga volume for the month of February 2007.<ref>Top 100 Graphic Novels Actual--February 2007 on ICv2. Accessed 2007-03-28.</ref><ref>'Civil War' Finale Tops the Charts on ICv2. Accessed 2007-03-28.</ref> On March 15, 2006, Viz Media obtained foreign television, home video, and merchandising rights to the Bleach anime from the TV Tokyo Corporation and Shueisha.<ref>"Viz Media named master licensor for hit Japanese action manga Shonen Jump's Bleach" (press release) on Viz Media.com. Accessed 2007-04-01.</ref> Subsequently, Viz Media contracted Studiopolis to create the English dub of the anime,<ref>Studiopolis on Anime News Network. Accessed 2006-12-14.</ref> and has licensed its individual Bleach merchandising rights to several different companies.<ref>"Viz Announces Bleach Merchandise Licenses" on Anime News Network. Accessed 2007-03-24.</ref>

The English version of the Bleach anime premiered on Canada's YTV channel in the Bionix program block on September 8, 2006. Cartoon Network's Adult Swim began airing Bleach the following evening. As of October 20 2007, the show is on hiatus on Adult Swim, being replaced with another Viz series, Death Note. However, on November 10, 2007 at a Tandokucon panel, Kyle Hebert stated that they had fallen behind on their dubbing schedule, and that the show should be returning as soon as Death Note finishes its run. According to Adult Swim's T.V. schedule new episodes of Bleach will return on March 1, 2008 at 21:00 EST. In the UK, Bleach premieres new episodes every day at 21:00 on AnimeCentral, premiering episode one on September 13, 2007. The English version of Bleach was nominated for the "best manga" and "best theme" awards at the 2006 American Anime Awards, but did not win either category. It was nominated again in 2007 in the fields of "best manga", "best actor", "best DVD package design", and "best theme", but failed to win any awards.<ref>NYCC 07: The top five finalists for the first American Anime Awards on American Anime Awards. Accessed 2007-07-04.</ref>