Tom Cruise

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-	[[Image:Tom Cruise 2006.jpg|thumb|right|225px|Tom Cruise en visite à [[Yahoo!]], le 21 mars 2006.]]	+	{{Infobox Actor
		+	| name =Tom Cruise
		+	| image = Tom Cruise 2006.jpg
		+	| birthname = Thomas Cruise Mapother IV
		+	| birthdate = {{birth date and age|1962|7|3}}
		+	| location = [[Syracuse, New York|Syracuse]], [[New York]]
		+	| yearsactive = 1981 - Present
		+	| spouse = [[Mimi Rogers]] (1987-1990)<br>[[Nicole Kidman]] (1990-2001)<br>[[Katie Holmes]] (2006-)
		+	| goldenglobeawards = '''[[Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama|Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama]]''' <br> 1989 ''[[Born on the Fourth of July]]'' <br> '''[[Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy|Best Actor - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy]]''' <br> 1996 ''[[Jerry Maguire]]'' <br> '''[[Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor - Motion Picture|Best Supporting Actor - Motion Picture]]''' <br> 1999 ''[[Magnolia (film)|Magnolia]]''
		+	| awards = '''[[National Board of Review Award for Best Actor|NBR Award for Best Actor]]'''<br>1996 ''[[Jerry Maguire]]'' <br> '''[[National Board of Review Award for Best Cast|NBR Award for Best Cast]]'''<br>1999 ''[[Magnolia (film)|Magnolia]]'' <br> '''[[Saturn Award for Best Actor (film)]]'''<br>2001 ''[[Vanilla Sky]]''
		+	}}
-	'''Tom Cruise''', de son vrai nom ''Thomas Cruise Mapother IV'', ([[3 juillet]] [[1962]] à [[Syracuse (New York)|Syracuse]], État de [[New York (État)|New York]] - ), est un [[acteur]] et [[Producteur de cinéma|producteur]] [[États-Unis|américain]]. Il est devenu une vedette internationale avec la sortie du film ''[[Top Gun]]''. Depuis le milieu des [[années 1980]], son nom est souvent associé aux succès du [[box-office]] mondial.	+	'''Thomas Cruise Mapother IV''' (born [[July 3]], [[1962]]), more commonly known as '''Tom Cruise''', is an [[United States|American]] [[actor]] and [[film producer]]. He joins only [[Tom Hanks]] as an actor to have seven consecutive [[US$]]100 million plus [[Blockbuster (entertainment)|blockbusters]] on his résumé, and Forbes magazine ranked him as the world's most powerful celebrity in 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.forbes.com/lists/2006/53/6YG2.html| title=Tom Cruise ranked 1 among The Top 100 Celebrities In 2006| publisher=[[Forbes]]|accessdate=2007-05-01|date=[[2007-05-01]]}}</ref> He has been nominated for three [[Academy Awards]] and won three [[Golden Globe Award]]s.
-	== Biographie ==	+	His first leading role was 1983's ''[[Risky Business]]''.<ref name="imdb">{{imdb name|id=0000129|name=Tom Cruise}}</ref> After that, he starred in many top films and became a Hollywood celebrity, perhaps the most notable of these being the hugely successful [[1986]] film [[Top Gun (film)|Top Gun]].
-	Tom Cruise est né le 3 juillet 1962 à Syracuse (New-York). Enfant, il a une passion pour le sport et en pratique beaucoup : le basket, football, hockey, baseball... Il découvre sa vocation de comédien en interprétant Nathan Detroit dans "Blanches Colombes et Vilains Messieurs".	+
-	Tom Cruise ne se contente pas d'être un acteur brillant puisqu'il a fondé en 1993 sa propre société de production Cruise/Wagner, en collaboration avec Paula Wagner. Ils ont notamment produit les trois [[Mission Impossible]], et le dernier film de Alejandro Amenabar, [[Les Autres]].	+	Cruise is also known for his criticism of [[Psychiatry]], and for his support of [[Scientology]],<ref> [http://www.scientology.org/html/opencms/cos/scientology/en_US/news-media/briefing/cc/gala/index.html Scientology News: Tom Cruise Tops List of Scientology Celebrities at Celebrity Centre International 34th Anniversary] [[Church of Scientology]]; 2006; Accessed March 23 2007 </ref> which has attracted controversy and media interest.
-	En 2004, on pu le voir dans [[Le Dernier Samouraï]], et en 2005 dans [[Mission : Impossible 3]] et [[La Guerre des mondes (film, 2005)|La Guerre Des Mondes]], adaptation du roman d'H.G. Wells.	+
-	=== Carrière ===	+	==Family and early life==
		+	Cruise was born in [[Syracuse, New York]] ,<ref name="family_tree_treat">{{cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/news/wenn/2004-01-13#celeb7|title=Cruise's Family Tree Treat|accessdate=2007-10-17|date=2004-01-13}}</ref> the son of Mary Lee ([[married and maiden names|née]] Pfeiffer), a special education teacher, and Thomas Cruise Mapother III, an electrical engineer. <ref name="filmref">{{cite web|url=http://www.filmreference.com/film/26/Tom-Cruise.html|title=Tom Cruise Biography|accessdate=2007-10-17}}</ref> Cruise has [[Germans|German]] and Colonial [[English people|English]] ancestry from his paternal great-grandparents, William Reibert and Charlotte Louise Voelker; and purportedly [[Welsh people|Welsh]] ancestry from his paternal great-great-grandfather, Dylan Henry Mapother, who emigrated from [[Flint, Wales|Flint]], [[Wales]] to [[Louisville, Kentucky]] in 1850.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.genealogy.com/famousfolks/tomc/d0/i0000031.htm|title=Ancestry of Tom Cruise: Fourth Generation}}</ref><ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/iconsofwales/sites/content/pages/tom_cruise.shtml Icons Of Wales - Tom Cruise]</ref> His great-great-grandmother Mary Cruise married twice. Her first husband was Dillon Henry Mapother, by whom she had six children. She remarried after Dillon's death, to Thomas O'Mara. Their son Thomas O'Mara, enumerated as such in the 1880 Census, was later known as "Thomas Cruise Mapother". The reason(s) for him changing his name are not entirely clear. Thus, from his and his wife Anna Stewart Bateman, he has [[Irish people|Irish]] and Colonial [[English people|English]] ancestry, respectively. His maternal ancestry is half [[Irish people|Irish]] and half [[Germans|German]] (including [[Alsace|Alsatian]]).<ref>[http://worldconnect.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=PED&db=houston&id=I3330 Dreyfous-Kahrs-Thomas-Hamilton Family]</ref> Anna Stewart Bateman's great-grandfather was a third cousin of President [[George Washington]] and descended seven times from King [[Jean de Brienne]] of Jerusalem, once from King [[Louis VIII of France]], once from King [[Henry III of England]], twice from King [[Edward I of England]] and three times from King [[Edward III of England]].<ref name="ancestry">{{cite web|url=http://www.wargs.com/other/mapother.html|title=Ancestry of Tom Cruise|accessdate=2007-10-17}}</ref><ref name="geneall">{{cite web|url=http://www.geneall.net/U/per_page.php?id=283967|title=Thomas Cruise Mapother IV|accessdate=2007-10-17}}</ref>
-	À 14 ans, Tom Cruise ne se prédestinait pas à devenir acteur. En effet, après une année passée dans un [[monastère]] [[franciscain]], il est prêt à entrer dans les ordres. Au [[lycée]], il découvre le métier de [[acteur|comédien]] en jouant dans des spectacles tels que ''[[Godspell]]'' et ''[[Blanches colombes et vilains messieurs]]'', et se rend compte qu’il a trouvé sa vocation. Il débarque à [[New York]] en [[1980]] à l’âge de 18 ans. Il obtient en [[1981]] sa première apparition dans ''[[Un amour infini]]'' de [[Franco Zeffirelli]], débutant ainsi sa carrière cinématographique. Il poursuit la même année en jouant le rôle d’un jeune militaire dans ''[[Taps]]'' d’[[Harold Becker]].	+	When Cruise was twelve, his mother left his father, taking Cruise and his sister Lee Anne with her.<ref name="parade">{{cite web|url=http://www.parade.com/articles/editions/2006/edition_04-09-2006/Tom_Cruise_cover|title="I Can Create Who I Am"|accessdate=2007-10-17|date=2006-04-09}}</ref> Cities in which Tom lived included [[Ottawa, Ontario]] (where he attended [[Colonel By Secondary School]]), [[Louisville, Kentucky]], [[Winnetka, Illinois]] and [[Wayne, New Jersey]]. In all, Cruise attended eight elementary schools and three high schools. He briefly attended a [[Franciscan]] [[seminary]] in [[Cincinnati]] and aspired to become a [[Holy Orders|Catholic priest]]. He eventually graduated from [[Glen Ridge High School]] in New Jersey in [[1980]].
-	Les trois années suivantes sont décisives et font du comédien inconnu une star de premier plan. [[Francis Ford Coppola|Coppola]] le noie tout d’abord au milieu d’une génération de jeunes acteurs au futur prometteur dans ''[[Outsiders]]'', puis il apparaît dans trois autres films d’ados, dont ''[[Risky Business]]''. En [[1985]], [[Ridley Scott]] le dépayse en l’envoyant dans l’heroic-fantasy avec ''[[Legend]]'', mais finalement c’est avec le frère de Ridley, [[Tony Scott|Tony]], que Tom connaît la gloire mondiale dans ''[[Top Gun]]''.	+	Cruise has said that he suffered from [[Child abuse|abuse as a child]]. This was partially due to him suffering from [[dyslexia]]. He stated that when something went wrong, his father came down hard on him. He told ''[[Parade Magazine]]'' that his father was "a bully" and "a merchant of chaos." Cruise said he learned early on that his father was - and, by extension, some people were - not to be trusted: "I knew from being around my father that not everyone means me well."<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2006/SHOWBIZ/Movies/04/06/people.cruise.ap/index.html CNN report about Parade Magazine article]</ref> Having gone through fifteen schools in twelve years, Cruise, who dropped his father's name at age twelve, was also a victim of [[Bullying|bullying]] at school.
-	En parallèle de ses succès au [[box-office]], Tom s’essaye, là aussi avec succès, au [[cinéma d'auteur]]. Fils spirituel de [[Paul Newman]] et as du billard dans ''[[La Couleur de l'argent]]'', frère responsable et émouvant dans ''[[Rain Man]]'', vétéran du [[Guerre du Viêt Nam|Viêt Nam]] paralysé dans ''[[Né un 4 juillet]]'', avocat dépassé dans ''[[La Firme]]'', cet acteur d'1 m 70 suit un parcours volontairement éclectique et s’impose à tous les types de public, élargissant même son registre en 1994 avec ''[[Entretien avec un vampire]]'', où il incarne un seigneur de la nuit, c'est-à-dire un [[vampire]].	+	Cruise started acting after being sidelined from his high school's wrestling team due to a knee injury. While injured, he successfully auditioned for a lead role in his high school's production of ''[[Guys and Dolls]]'' and decided to become an actor after his success in the role. His cousin [[William Mapother]] is also an actor most known for playing [[Ethan Rom]] on ''[[Lost (TV series)|Lost]]''.
-	En 1992, Tom s’associe avec son agente [[Paula Wagner]] et prend la casquette de [[Producteur de cinéma|producteur]] pour créer en 1996 ''[[Mission: Impossible (film)|Mission : Impossible]]''. Il forme ensuite un couple en pleine crise sentimentale avec [[Nicole Kidman]] dans le dernier film de [[Stanley Kubrick]], ''[[Eyes Wide Shut]]''. En 2002 sort le fruit de sa collaboration avec [[Steven Spielberg]], ''dans le film de [[science-fiction]] [[Minority Report]]''. Après le succès du ''[[Dernier Samouraï]]'' en 2004, nous retrouvons Tom Cruise dans un rôle de « méchant » dans le thriller de [[Michael Mann]] : ''[[Collatéral]]'' (août 2004). À l'été 2005, sort sur les écrans le second fruit de la collaboration Cruise/Spielberg, ''[[la Guerre des mondes (film, 2005)|la Guerre des mondes]]'', avant de découvrir ''[[Mission: Impossible 3]]'' en 2006.	+	==Hollywood==
		+	{{seealso|Tom Cruise filmography}}
-	Le 22 août 2006, le studio américain [[Paramount]] met fin au contrat de Tom Cruise, après quatorze ans de collaboration. Raison invoquée : les frasques de la star depuis un an, qui ont fait de lui la risée des médias et des comiques américains.	+	===Acting career===
-	Les médias américains ont d'ailleurs prétendu qu'il avait attaqué les producteurs de la série télévisée animée satirique ''[[South Park]]'' après qu'un épisode se soit moqué de lui pour sa prétendue homosexualité et ses liens avec la [[scientologie]], ce qui a été démenti par son attaché de presse.	+	====1980s====
-	Le 2 novembre 2006, le porte-parole de la [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer|MGM]] annonce que le studio s'associe à la Cruise/Wagner. Ceux-ci dirigeront le studio [[United Artists]].	+	[[Image:Tom cruise 1989.jpg|thumb|right|Tom Cruise in 1989]]
-	Bien que son image publique ait souffert ces dernières années, du fait de son rôle de producteur et des recettes qu'engendrent sa participation à un film Tom Cruise demeure l'unes des personnes les plus influentes à Hollywwod.	+	Cruise's first acting role came in 1981, when he had a small role in ''[[Endless Love (film)|Endless Love]]'', a drama/romance film starring [[Brooke Shields]]. Later that same year he had a more substantial role in the film ''[[Taps (film)|Taps]]'', appearing alongside [[George C. Scott]], [[Timothy Hutton]] and [[Sean Penn]]. The film about military cadets was moderately successful. In 1983, he was one of many teenaged stars to appear in [[Francis Ford Coppola]]'s ''[[The Outsiders (film)|The Outsiders]]''. The cast for this film included [[Rob Lowe]], [[Matt Dillon]], [[Patrick Swayze]], and [[Ralph Macchio]], some of which were part of the ''[[Brat Pack]]''. That same year Cruise appeared in the teen comedy ''[[Losin' It]]'' with [[Shelley Long]]. Also in 1983, ''[[Risky Business]]'' was released, widely thought to be the film that propelled Cruise to stardom. One sequence in the film, featuring Cruise [[lip sync|lip-syncing]] [[Bob Seger]]'s "[[Old Time Rock and Roll]]" in his underwear, has become an [[Pop icon|iconic]] moment in film history. The film has been described as "A Generation-X classic, and a career-maker for Tom Cruise".<ref name="rottentomatoes">{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1017641-risky_business/|title=Risky Business - Rotten Tomatoes}}</ref> A fourth film that was released in 1983 was the high-school football drama, ''[[All the Right Moves]]''.
-	=== Ses relations ===	+	Cruise's next film was the 1985 [[fantasy (genre)|fantasy]] film ''[[Legend (film)|Legend]]'' directed by [[Ridley Scott]].
-	C’est à 21 ans que Tom connaît son premier amour avec [[Rebecca De Mornay]], sa partenaire dans ''[[Risky Business]]''. Le couple qu’ils formaient à l’écran devient couple dans la vie. Ils se sépareront deux ans plus tard.	+	Cruise was then selected as the first choice by producers [[Jerry Bruckheimer]] and [[Don Simpson]] for an upcoming American fighter pilot film. Cruise at first apparently turned down the project, but helped to alter the script he was given and developed the film. After being taken for a flight with the [[Blue Angels]], Cruise changed his mind and signed on with the project. The project was titled ''[[Top Gun (film)|Top Gun]]'' and opened in May 1986, becoming the highest grossing film of the year, taking in [[United States dollar|US$]]353,816,701 in worldwide figures.
-	Peu après sa rupture, Tom rencontre la chanteuse [[Cher (chanteuse)|Cher]], alors âgée de 39 ans, Tom n’a alors que 23 ans. Leur idylle, qui dura quelques mois, resta longtemps l’une des mieux gardées d’[[Hollywood]].	+	He also starred in [[Martin Scorsese]]'s ''[[The Color of Money]]'' along with [[Paul Newman]] that same year, which earned Paul a [[Best Actor]] academy award.
-	En 1986, Tom fait la connaissance de l’actrice [[Mimi Rogers]], de 7 ans son aînée. Après plusieurs mois de relation, il demande sa main sur les conseils de [[Paul Newman]]. Il l’épouse en secret le 9 mai 1987. Elle est à l'origine de sa conversion à la Scientologie.	+	In 1988, he starred in the light hearted drama ''[[Cocktail (film)|Cocktail]].'' The film received mixed reviews and Cruise was subsequently nominated for a [[Razzie]] award in 1989. Later that year, ''[[Rain Man]]'' was released, which also starred [[Dustin Hoffman]] and was directed by [[Barry Levinson]]. The film was praised by critics and was nominated for eight [[Academy Awards]], and won four, including [[Best Picture]] and Best Actor.
-	Mimi souhaite que Tom abandonne sa trop dangereuse passion pour les [[course automobile|courses automobiles]]. Le couple ne survivra pas à toutes leurs différences. En 1989, il découvre [[Nicole Kidman]] dans le film ''Calme blanc''. Il recommande la candidature de l'actrice pour ''[[Jours de tonnerre]]''.	+	====1990s====
-	Mais, à l’époque, Tom est encore marié à Mimi Rogers. Une fois le divorce prononcé, Tom et Nicole commencent à former un vrai couple, se montrant en public. Ils se marient le 24 décembre [[1990]].	+	Cruise was welcomed with similar success the following year when he received [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]] nominations for [[Oliver Stone]]'s ''[[Born on the Fourth of July (film)|Born on the Fourth of July]]'', which was based on the best selling autobiography of Anti-Vietnam War hero [[Ron Kovic]]; for the first time the audience knew Tom could play complicated roles other than handsome boys. In 1990, Cruise starred as hot-shot race car driver "Cole Trickle" in [[Tony Scott]]'s ''[[Days of Thunder]]''. While filming ''Days of Thunder'' Cruise first met Australian actress [[Nicole Kidman]], who was his co-star. Cruise's next film was [[Ron Howard]]'s ''[[Far and Away]]'' where he again was starring with Nicole Kidman. After ''Days of Thunder'' he starred in the military thriller ''[[A Few Good Men]]'' with [[Jack Nicholson]] and [[Demi Moore]]. This film was very well received and earned Cruise a Golden Globe and MTV nominations. The following year he starred in [[Sydney Pollack]]'s ''[[The Firm (1993 film)|The Firm]]'' along with [[Gene Hackman]] and [[Ed Harris]]. It was based on the best selling novel by [[John Grisham]], and won Favorite Dramatic Motion Picture at the [[People's Choice Awards]].
-	Leur couple, devient l’un des plus en vue d'[[Hollywood]]. La séparation intervient cependant au bout de dix ans, rendue publique en février [[2001]]. Le divorce est prononcé le 8 août 2001.	+	In 1994, Cruise starred along with [[Brad Pitt]], [[Antonio Banderas]] and [[Christian Slater]] in [[Neil Jordan]]'s ''[[Interview with the Vampire]]'', a gothic drama/horror film that was based on [[Anne Rice]]'s best selling novel which was also very well received, although Rice was outspoken in her criticism of Cruise having been cast in the film. In 1996, Cruise starred in (as well as produced) [[Brian de Palma]]'s ''[[Mission: Impossible (film)|Mission: Impossible]]''. The film, a remake of the [[Mission: Impossible|1960s TV series]], grossed US$456,494,803 worldwide, making it the third highest grossing film that year. That same year he played the title role in the comedy-drama ''[[Jerry Maguire]]''. The film earned him an Academy Award [[Academy Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] nomination as well as winning co-star [[Cuba Gooding, Jr.]] an [[Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor|Academy Award]]; the film was nominated for five Academy Awards in total. The film also included the line "[[Show Me the Money]]!" which became part of popular culture. ''Jerry Maguire'' saw Tom Cruise become the first actor in history to star in five consecutive films that grossed at least $100 million in domestic release. In 1999 he starred in the erotic thriller ''[[Eyes Wide Shut]]'' which took two years to complete and was director [[Stanley Kubrick]]'s last film. It was also the last film in which he starred alongside then spouse [[Nicole Kidman]]. But the film, which had a straightforward description of sex and a recondite story-telling style, raised great controversies. Cruise also played a [[Misogyny|misogynistic]] [[Seduction community|male guru]] in ''[[Magnolia (film)|Magnolia]]'' (1999), which netted him a Best Supporting Actor Oscar nomination. He was originally intended to play as Jericho Cane in the action horror flim ''[[End of Days (1999 film)|End of Days]]'' before [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]] assumed the lead role.
-	La cause en serait principalement une incompatibilité d'ordre religieux. Nicole souhaitait voir leurs enfants élevés dans la tradition [[catholique]], tandis que Tom restait attaché à [[Scientologie|l'église de Scientologie]]. Organisation classée comme sectaire en France dont il est, avec [[John Travolta]], le fervent défenseur.	+	==== 2000s ====
		+	In 2000, Cruise returned as [[Ethan Hunt]] in the second installment of the ''Mission Impossible'' films, releasing ''[[Mission: Impossible II]]''. The film was directed by [[Hong Kong]] director [[John Woo]] and branded with his [[Gun fu]] Style, but it continued the series' blockbuster success at the box office, taking in almost US$546 M in worldwide figures, like its predecessor, being the third highest grossing film of the year. The following year Cruise starred in the remake of the 1997 film ''[[Abre Los Ojos]]'', ''[[Vanilla Sky]]''. In 2002, Cruise starred in the [[dystopia]]n [[science fiction]] thriller, ''[[Minority Report (film)|Minority Report]]'' which was directed by [[Steven Spielberg]] and based on the science fiction short story by [[Philip Dick]]; as well as ''[[The Last Samurai]]''.
-	Tom rencontre [[Pénélope Cruz]], sur le tournage de ''[[Vanilla Sky]]''. Ils s'affichent publiquement une semaine après l’officialisation de son divorce avec Nicole. Très vite, ils forment l’un des couples les plus [[glamour]] d’Hollywood, jusqu'à l'annonce en mars 2004 que leur relation avait pris fin deux mois auparavant.	+	In the 2004 [[Michael Mann (film director)|Michael Mann]]'s crime-thriller film ''[[Collateral (film)|Collateral]]'', Cruise took a turn against his generic "good guy" role by playing the role of a sociopathic hitman. In 2005, Cruise starred in [[Steven Spielberg]]'s ''[[War of the Worlds (2005 film)|War of the Worlds]]''. The film earned US$234 M and ultimately earned US$591.4 M worldwide . The film also earned three [[Golden Raspberry Awards|Razzie]] nominations including one for Cruise.
-	En 2006, Tom Cruise est désormais en couple avec [[Katie Holmes]], ayant rendu leur relation publique courant avril 2005. Le public retient surtout son passage sur le plateau de l'émission télévisée d'[[Oprah Winfrey]], où Cruise, surexcité, parle de son amour à propos de Holmes, se dandinant, s'agenouillant, serrant les mains de Winfrey et bondissant sur le canapé les bras en l'air. Le tout sous l'hilarité du public. Cependant, cette prestation fut considérée comme le signe d'un état de déséquilibre de l'acteur. Cela donna lieu à un nouveau terme dans le [[jargon]] anglais américain : ''[[jumping the couch]]'' (que l'on peut traduire par « sauter le canapé »), désignant une vedette qui « pète les plombs ».	+	In 2006, he reprised his role as Ethan Hunt in the third installment of the ''Mission Impossible film series'' ''[[Mission: Impossible III]]'' which was also a box office success and was more positively received by critics than its predecessor. He appeared in the 2007 drama ''[[Lions for Lambs]]'' and will star in the 2008 thriller ''[[Valkyrie (film)|Valkyrie]]''.
-	En avril 2006, Katie Holmes donne naissance à une petite fille prénommée Suri.	+	===Producing career===
		+	Cruise partnered with producer [[Paula Wagner]] to form [[Cruise/Wagner Productions]] which has co-produced several of Cruise's films,<ref>{{imdb company|id=0130381|company=Cruise/Wagner Productions [us]}}</ref> the first being ''[[Mission: Impossible (film)|Mission: Impossible]]'' in 1996 which was also Cruise's first project as a producer. He won a Nova Award (shared with [[Paula Wagner]]) for Most Promising Producer in Theatrical Motion Pictures at the PGA Golden Laurel Awards in 1997 for his work as a producer for the film ''Mission: Impossible''.
-	Le samedi 18 novembre 2006, il épouse Katie au château d'Odescalchi à [[Bracciano]], à 30 km au nord de [[Rome]] ([[Italie]]) selon le rite de L'Église de Scientologie.	+	His next project as a producer was the 1998 film ''[[Without Limits]]'' about famous American runner [[Steve Prefontaine]]. Cruise returned to work as a producer in 2000, continuing work on the ''Mission Impossible'' sequel. He then served as an executive producer for ''[[The Others (2001 film)|The Others]]'' which starred [[Nicole Kidman]], also that year, he again worked as actor/producer in ''[[Vanilla Sky]]''. He subsequently worked on (but did not star in) ''[[Narc (film)|Narc]]'', ''[[Hitting It Hard]]'' and ''[[Shattered Glass]]''. His next project, which he also starred in, was ''[[The Last Samurai]]'', he was jointly nominated for the Motion Picture Producer of the Year Award at the 2004 PGA Golden Laurel Awards. He then worked on ''[[Suspect Zero]]'', ''[[Elizabethtown (film)|Elizabethtown]]'' and ''[[Ask the Dust (film)|Ask the Dust]]''.
-	Il s'agit du troisième mariage pour Cruise et du premier pour Holmes, qui forment l'un des couples les plus en vue et les plus controversés d'Hollywood. En effet, la presse mondiale pense que le couple n'est qu'un coup médiatique, destiné à relancer la carrière de Tom Cruise et de Katie Holmes. Les nombreux excès d'amour de la part de Tom pour Katie entraînent certains doutes quant à sa sincérité.{{référence nécessaire}}	+
-	== Controverse ==	+	Tom Cruise is noted as having negotiated some of the most lucrative movie deals in Hollywood, and was described in 2005 by Hollywood economist [[Edward Jay Epstein]] as "one of the most powerful - and richest - forces in Hollywood". Epstein argues that Cruise is one of the few producers (the others being [[George Lucas]], [[Steven Spielberg]] and [[Jerry Bruckheimer]]) who are regarded as able to guarantee the success of a billion-dollar movie franchise. Epstein also contends that the public obsession with Cruise's tabloid controversies obscures full appreciation of Cruise's exceptional commercial prowess in the industry.<ref>http://www.slate.com/id/2121617/</ref>
-	Membre de la [[Scientologie]] depuis les [[années 1980]], Tom Cruise a souvent été critiqué pour son attitude [[prosélyte]] (surtout depuis le milieu des [[années 2000]]), en participant aux manifestations officielles scientologues et en faisant à plusieurs reprises l'apologie de ce mouvement considéré comme [[sectaire]] en [[Europe]].	+	Cruise/Wagner Productions, Tom Cruise's film production company, is said to be developing a screenplay based on [[Erik Larson]]'s ''[[New York Times]]'' bestseller, ''[[The Devil in the White City]]'' about a real life serial killer at [[Chicago]]'s [[World's Columbian Exposition]]. Kathryn Bigelow is attached to the project to produce and helm. Meanwhile, [[Leonardo DiCaprio]]'s production company, Appian Way, is also developing a film about Holmes and the [[World's Fair]], in which DiCaprio will star.<ref>http://www.thezreview.co.uk/comingsoon/d/devilinthewhitecitythe.htm</ref>
-	== Filmographie ==	+	====Breakup with Paramount====
		+	On [[August 22]], [[2006]], [[Paramount Pictures]] announced it was ending its 14-year relationship with Tom Cruise. In the ''[[Wall Street Journal]]'', chairman of [[Viacom]] (Paramount's parent company) [[Sumner Redstone]] cited the economic damage to Tom Cruise's value as an actor and producer from his controversial public behavior and views.<ref>[http://money.cnn.com/2006/08/22/news/newsmakers/cruise_paramount/index.htm?cnn=yes CNN: Paramount Pictures cuts ties with Tom Cruise]</ref><ref>[http://www.nationalledger.com/artman/publish/article_27267912.shtml National Ledger: Sumner Redstone Rebuke of Tom Cruise: Now What?]</ref> Cruise/Wagner Productions responded that Paramount's announcement was a face-saving move after the production company had successfully sought alternative financing from [[private equity]] firms.<ref>[http://www.usatoday.com/money/media/2006-08-23-hedge-films-usat_x.htm USA Today: Cruise seeks financial backing from hedge funds]</ref> Industry analysts such as Edward Jay Epstein commented that the real reason for the split was most likely Paramount's discontent over Cruise/Wagner's exceptionally large share of [[DVD]] sales from the ''Mission: Impossible'' franchise.<ref>[http://www.ft.com/cms/s/d817b680-33a0-11db-981f-0000779e2340.html The Financial Times: Paramount vs. Cruise: all down the killer cut] by [[Edward Jay Epstein]]</ref><ref>[http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003052563 The Hollywood Reporter: Biz eyeing economics of Cruise-Par breakup: DVD slowdown forcing restraint]</ref> However, ''[[Radar (magazine)|Radar]]'' has claimed that the "personal conduct" complained of by Redstone was an allegedly Cruise-inspired attempt to intimidate [[Brad Grey]], CEO of Paramount. According to ''Radar'', when Grey was walking to his car one night after tense negotiations with Cruise over ''Mission: Impossible 3'', he was "surrounded by more than a dozen Scientologists, who pressured him to ease up on the actor ... Following a terse exchange, the visitors allowed Grey to get into his car and leave, but the message was clear." Grey reportedly stood his ground and convinced Cruise to accept a lower fee than the actor had initially demanded.<ref>{{cite web|title = Brad''' G'''rey's Scientology Scare|accessdate=2006-09-24|last = Bercovici |first = Jeff|url = http://www.radaronline.com/exclusives/2006/09/brad-greys-scientology-scare.php |date=[[2006-09-15]]|work = Radar Online|publisher = Radar magazine}}</ref>
-	* [[1981 au cinéma|1981]] : ''[[Un amour infini (1981)|Un amour infini]]'' (''Endless Love'') de [[Franco Zeffirelli]], dans le rôle de ''Billy''	+	====Management of United Artists====
-	* [[1981 au cinéma|1981]] : ''[[Taps]]'' de [[Harold Becker]], dans le rôle de ''David Shawn'' <small>(VF : [[Richard Darbois]])</small>	+	According to an Associated Press report on [[November 2]] [[2006]], Tom Cruise and Paula Wagner announced that they will be in charge of the [[United Artists]] film studio.<ref>[http://movies.msn.com/movies/article.aspx?news=240199&GT1=7701 Tom Cruise, Partner to Run Film Studio]</ref> Cruise will produce and star in films for United Artists, while Wagner will serve as UA's chief executive.
-	* [[1983 au cinéma|1983]] : ''[[Outsiders (film)|Outsiders]]'' de [[Francis Ford Coppola]], dans le rôle de ''Steve Randle''	+
-	* [[1983 au cinéma|1983]] : ''[[American Teenagers]]'' (''Losin' It'') de [[Curtis Hanson]], dans le rôle de ''Woody'' <small>(VF : [[Gilles Laurent]])</small>	+
-	* [[1983 au cinéma|1983]] : ''[[Risky Business]]'' de [[Paul Brickman]], dans le rôle de ''Joel Goodson'' <small>(VF : [[Vincent Ropion]])</small>	+
-	* [[1983 au cinéma|1983]] : ''[[L'Esprit d'équipe]]'' (''All the Right Moves'') de [[Michael Chapman]], dans le rôle de ''Stefen Djordjevic''	+
-	* [[1985 au cinéma|1985]] : ''[[Legend]]'' de [[Ridley Scott]], dans le rôle de ''Jack'' <small>(VF : [[Luq Hamet]])</small>	+
-	* [[1986 au cinéma|1986]] : ''[[Top Gun]]'' de [[Tony Scott]], dans le rôle de ''Pete « Maverick » Mitchell'' <small>(VF : [[Patrick Poivey]])</small>	+
-	* [[1986 au cinéma|1986]] : ''[[La Couleur de l'argent]]'' (''The Color of Money'') de [[Martin Scorsese]], dans le rôle de ''Vincent'' <small>(VF : [[Patrick Poivey]])</small>	+
-	* [[1988 au cinéma|1988]] : ''[[Cocktail (film, 1988)|Cocktail]]'' de [[Roger Donaldson]], dans le rôle de ''Brian Flanagan'' <small>(VF : [[William Coryn]])</small>	+
-	* [[1988 au cinéma|1988]] : ''[[Rain Man]]'' de [[Barry Levinson]], dans le rôle de ''Charlie Babbitt'' <small>(VF : [[Patrick Poivey]])</small>	+
-	* [[1989 au cinéma|1989]] : ''[[Né un 4 juillet]]'' (''Born on the Fourth of July'') d'[[Oliver Stone]], dans le rôle de ''Ron Kovic'' <small>(VF : [[Patrick Poivey]])</small>	+
-	* [[1990 au cinéma|1990]] : ''[[Jours de tonnerre]]'' (''Days of Thunder'') de [[Tony Scott]], dans le rôle de ''Cole Trickle'' <small>(VF : [[Patrick Poivey]])</small>	+
-	* [[1992 au cinéma|1992]] : ''[[Horizons Lointains]]'' (''Far and Away'') de [[Ron Howard]], dans le rôle de ''Joseph Donnelly'' <small>(VF : [[Patrick Poivey]])</small>	+
-	* [[1992 au cinéma|1992]] : ''[[Des hommes d'honneur]] (''A Few Good Men'') de [[Rob Reiner]], dans le rôle de ''Daniel Kaffee'' <small>(VF : [[Serge Faliu]])</small>	+
-	* [[1993 au cinéma|1993]] : ''[[La Firme (film)|La Firme]]'' (''The Firm'') de [[Sydney Pollack]], dans le rôle de ''Mitch McDeere'' <small>(VF : [[Patrick Poivey]])</small>	+
-	* [[1994 au cinéma|1994]] : ''[[Entretien avec un vampire]]'' (''Interview with the Vampire: The Vampire Chronicles'') de [[Neil Jordan]], dans le rôle de ''Lestat de Lioncourt'' <small>(VF : [[Jean-Philippe Puymartin]])</small>	+
-	* [[1996 au cinéma|1996]] : ''[[Mission: Impossible (film)|Mission : Impossible]]'' (''Mission: Impossible'') de [[Brian De Palma]], dans le rôle de ''Ethan Hunt'' <small>(VF : [[Patrick Poivey]])</small>	+
-	* [[1996 au cinéma|1996]] : ''[[Jerry Maguire]]'' de [[Cameron Crowe]], dans le rôle de ''Jerry Maguire'' <small>(VF : [[Serge Faliu]])</small>	+
-	* [[1999 au cinéma|1999]] : ''[[Eyes Wide Shut]]'' de [[Stanley Kubrick]], dans le rôle de ''Bill Harford'' <small>(VF : [[Yvan Attal]])</small>	+
-	* [[1999 au cinéma|1999]] : ''[[Magnolia (film)|Magnolia]]'' de [[Paul Thomas Anderson]], dans le rôle de ''Frank T.J. Mackey'' <small>(VF : [[Patrick Poivey]])</small>	+
-	* [[2000 au cinéma|2000]] : ''[[Mission: Impossible 2]]'' (''Mission: Impossible II'') de [[John Woo]], dans le rôle de ''Ethan Hunt'' <small>(VF : [[Yvan Attal]])</small>	+
-	* [[2001 au cinéma|2001]] : ''[[Vanilla Sky]]'' de [[Cameron Crowe]], dans le rôle de ''David Aames'' <small>(VF : [[Yvan Attal]])</small>	+
-	* [[2002 au cinéma|2002]] : ''[[Minority Report]]'' de [[Steven Spielberg]], dans le rôle de ''John Anderton'' <small>(VF : [[Yvan Attal]])</small>	+
-	* [[2003 au cinéma|2003]] : ''[[Le Dernier Samouraï]]'' (''The Last Samurai'') d'[[Edward Zwick]], dans le rôle de ''Nathan Algren'' <small>(VF : [[Jean-Philippe Puymartin]])</small>	+
-	* [[2004 au cinéma|2004]] : ''[[Collatéral]]'' (''Collateral'') de [[Michael Mann]], dans le rôle de ''Vincent'' <small>(VF : [[Bruno Choël]])</small>	+
-	* [[2005 au cinéma|2005]] : ''[[La Guerre des mondes (film, 2005)|La Guerre des mondes]]'' de [[Steven Spielberg]], dans le rôle de ''Ray Ferrier'' <small>(VF : [[Jean-Philippe Puymartin]])</small>	+
-	* [[2006 au cinéma|2006]] : ''[[Mission : Impossible III]]'' (''Mission: Impossible III'') de [[J.J. Abrams]], dans le rôle de ''Ethan Hunt'' <small>(VF : [[Jean-Philippe Puymartin]])</small>	+
-	* [[2007 au cinéma|2007]] : ''[[Lions et agneaux]]'' (''Lions for Lambs'') de [[Robert Redford]], dans le rôle du ''Sénateur Jasper Irving''	+
-	* [[2008 au cinéma|2008]] : ''[[Valkyrie (film)|Valkyrie]]'' (''Valkyrie'') de [[Bryan Singer]], dans le rôle de [[Claus Schenk von Stauffenberg]].	+
-	=== Apparitions ===	+	Production began in 2007 of ''[[Valkyrie (film)|Valkyrie]]'', a thriller based on the [[July 20]], [[1944]] assassination attempt against [[Adolf Hitler]]. The film was acquired in March 2007 by United Artists. On [[March 21]], [[2007]] Cruise signed on to play [[Claus von Stauffenberg]], the protagonist. This project marks the second production to be greenlighted since Cruise and Wagner took control of United Artists. The first was its inaugural film, ''[[Lions for Lambs]]'', directed by [[Robert Redford]] and starring Redford, [[Meryl Streep]] and Cruise. ''Lambs'' was released on [[November 9]], [[2007]]<ref>[http://newsmax.com/archives/ic/2007/3/21/73153.shtml?s=en Tom Cruise Takes on Adolf Hitler]. [[March 21]], [[2007]].</ref>, opening to [[Lions for Lambs#Critical reception|unimpressive box office revenue and critical reception]].
-	* [[1989 au cinéma|1989]] : ''[[Young Guns]]'' (''Young Guns'') de [[Christopher Cain]], dans une apparition non créditée.	+
-	* [[2002 au cinéma|2002]] : ''[[Austin Powers 3 : Goldmember|Austin Powers dans Goldmember]]'' (''Austin Powers In Goldmember'') de [[Jay Roach]], dans le rôle de ''Tom Cruise, dans le rôle d'Austin Powers''	+
-	=== Recettes brutes mondiales ===	+	==Popularity==
-	:<small>''Ces montants ne tiennent pas compte de l'[[inflation]].''</small>	+	In 1990, 1991 and 1997, ''[[People (magazine)|People]]'' magazine rated him among the 50 most [[beauty|beautiful]] people in the world.<ref name="imdb" /> In 1995, ''[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]]'' magazine ranked him among the 100 sexiest stars in film history.<ref name="imdb"/> Two years later, it ranked him among the top 5 movie stars of all time.<ref name="imdb" /> In 2002 and 2003, he was rated by ''[[Premiere (magazine)|Premiere]]'' among the top 20 in its annual Power 100 list.<ref name="imdb" /> .
-	{|class="wikitable"	+	In 2006, Premiere magazine established Cruise as Hollywood's most powerful actor, as Cruise came in at number 13 on the magazines 2006 Power List, being the highest ranked actor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalenquirer.com/celebrity/63569|title=Tom Cruise's popularity tumble!|date=March 29, 2006|author=BANG Showbiz}}</ref>
-	!Année	+
-	!Titre	+
-	!Recettes	+
-	|-	+
-	|[[2007 au cinéma|2007]]	+
-	|''[[Lions et agneaux (film, 2007)|Lions et agneaux ]]''	+
-	| 14&nbsp;893&nbsp;000 [[USD]]	+
-	|-	+
-	|[[2005 au cinéma|2005]]	+
-	|''[[la Guerre des mondes (film, 2005)|la Guerre des mondes]]''	+
-	| 591&nbsp;416&nbsp;316 [[USD]]	+
-	|-	+
-	|[[2000 au cinéma|2000]]	+
-	|''[[Mission: Impossible 2]]''	+
-	| 545&nbsp;902&nbsp;562 [[USD]]	+
-	|-	+
-	|[[2003 au cinéma|2003]]	+
-	|''[[le Dernier Samouraï]]''	+
-	| 456&nbsp;758&nbsp;981 [[USD]]	+
-	|-	+
-	|[[1996 au cinéma|1996]]	+
-	|''[[Mission: Impossible (film)|Mission: Impossible]]''	+
-	| 456&nbsp;494&nbsp;833 [[USD]]	+
-	|-	+
-	|[[2006 au cinéma|2006]]	+
-	|''[[Mission: Impossible 3]]''	+
-	| 395&nbsp;500&nbsp;000 [[USD]]	+
-	|-	+
-	|[[2002 au cinéma|2002]]	+
-	|''[[Minority Report]]''	+
-	| 358&nbsp;372&nbsp;926 [[USD]]	+
-	|-	+
-	|[[1988 au cinéma|1988]]	+
-	|''[[Rain Man]]''	+
-	| 354&nbsp;825&nbsp;435 [[USD]]	+
-	|-	+
-	|[[1986 au cinéma|1986]]	+
-	|''[[Top Gun]]''	+
-	| 353&nbsp;816&nbsp;701 [[USD]]	+
-	|-	+
-	|[[1996 au cinéma|1996]]	+
-	|''[[Jerry Maguire]]''	+
-	| 273&nbsp;552&nbsp;592 [[USD]]	+
-	|-	+
-	|[[1993 au cinéma|1993]]	+
-	|''[[la Firme (film)|la Firme]]''	+
-	| 270&nbsp;248&nbsp;367 [[USD]]	+
-	|-	+
-	|[[1992 au cinéma|1992]]	+
-	|''[[Des hommes d'honneur]]''	+
-	| 243&nbsp;240&nbsp;178 [[USD]]	+
-	|-	+
-	|}	+
-	<small>Ces montants proviennent de {{en}} [http://www.boxofficemojo.com/ boxofficemojo.com]. Ils sont sujet à changement, habituellement vers le haut, lorsque les studios de cinéma les révisent pour tenir compte des ventes pour les films traduits, ce qui peut aller jusqu'à quelques années après la sortie officielle du film en Amérique du Nord.</small>	+	On [[16 June]], [[2006]], [[Forbes]] magazine published 'The Celebrity 100', a list of the most powerful celebrities, which Cruise topped. The list was generated using a combination of income (between June 2005 and June 2006), web references by [[Google]], press clips compiled by [[LexisNexis]], television and radio mentions (by [[Factiva]]), and the number of times a celebrity appeared on the cover of 26 major consumer magazines.
-	== Anecdote ==	+	As of August 2006, "a USA Today/Gallup poll in which half of those surveyed registered an "unfavorable" opinion of the actor" was cited as a reason in addition to "unacceptable behavior"<ref>[http://today.reuters.com/news/articlenews.aspx?type=domesticNews&storyid=2006-08-23T001318Z_01_N22285827_RTRUKOC_0_US-MEDIA-CRUISE.xml&src=rss&rpc=22 Reuter's]</ref> for Paramount's non-renewal of their production contract with Cruise. In addition, Marketing Evaluations reports that Tom Cruise's Q score (which is a measure of the popularity of celebrities), had fallen 40%. It was also revealed that Cruise is the celebrity people would least like as their best friend. Tom Cruise came bottom with just 3 percent, while the winner was 'School of Rock' star Jack Black.
-	*Tom Cruise apparaît dans le livre ''[[Tom Cruise m’a volé ma vie]]'' de [[Guillaume de La Croix]].	+
-	*Il est gaucher.	+
-	== Notes et références ==	+	==Relationships and personal life==
-	<references/>	+	===Mimi Rogers===
		+	Cruise was married to [[Mimi Rogers]] (married on [[May 9]], [[1987]], divorced [[February 4]], [[1990]]).<ref name="imdb" /> Rogers is generally believed to have introduced Cruise to Scientology.<ref> {{cite journal | last = Masters | first = Kim | year = 2005 | month = Sept/Oct | title = The Passion of Tom Cruise|journal = [[Radar (magazine)|Radar]] }} as excerpted by ''Radar'' at [http://www.radarmagazine.com/magazine/features/2005/08/the-passion-of-tom-cruise-excerpt.php]</ref>
-	== Liens externes ==	+	===Nicole Kidman===
-	{{Liste acteurs}}	+	Cruise met [[Nicole Kidman]] on the set of their film ''[[Days of Thunder]]''. The couple married on [[December 24]], [[1990]] and divorced on [[August 8]], [[2001]].<ref name="imdb" /> He and Kidman adopted two children, Isabella (born 1993) and Connor (born 1995).<ref name="imdb" /> They separated when Kidman was three months pregnant, just before their tenth wedding anniversary; she later miscarried.<ref>http://www.eonline.com/News/Items/0,1,8039,00.html</ref>
-	* [http://www.tomcruise.bittarget.com/ Site Francais sur Tom Cruise]	+
-	* [http://french.imdb.com/name/nm0000129/ Fiche IMDb]	+
-	== Source ==	+	===Penélope Cruz===
-	* Florence Colombani, [http://www.lepoint.fr/cinema/document.html?did=177993 « L'énigmatique Mr Cruise »], dans ''[[Le Point]]'', 4 mai 2006	+	Cruise was next romantically linked with [[Penélope Cruz]], the lead actress in his film ''[[Vanilla Sky]]''. In March 2004, he announced that their relationship had ended in January.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/film/3570639.stm</ref>
-	{{Commons | Tom_Cruise}}	+	===Katie Holmes===
		+	{{main|TomKat}}
		+	In April 2005, Cruise began dating [[Katie Holmes]], before announcing on [[17 June]] [[2005]] that he had proposed to her at the top of the [[Eiffel Tower]] in [[Paris]].<ref>http://www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml?type=topNews&storyID=8822036</ref> She accepted his proposal, and the couple married in [[Bracciano]], [[Italy]] on [[November 18]], [[2006]].
-	{{Portail cinéma}}	+	On [[April 18]], [[2006]] Katie gave birth to a baby girl named Suri at [[Saint John's Health Center]] in [[Santa Monica, California]].<ref>http://www.accesshollywood.com/movies/ah43.shtml</ref> Cruise stated that the name derives from the [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] word for "[[princess]]" or the Persian word meaning [[Suri (flower)|red rose]].<ref>http://www.gawker.com/news/births/on-the-matter-of-baby-suri-168181.php</ref> (''See also [[Sarah (female name)|Sarah]].'') She is the first child for Holmes and third for Cruise, who (as previously mentioned) has two adopted children with Nicole Kidman.<ref>[http://people.aol.com/people/articles/0,19736,1170244,00.html Katie Holmes & Tom Cruise Have a Girl!] ''[[People (magazine)|People.com]]''. [[April 18]], [[2006]].</ref> Katie and Tom are fans of club [[Real Madrid C.F.]] They were on the stands in last match of [[La Liga 2006-07]] between Real Madrid and [[RCD Mallorca]] which Real Madrid won 3-1 and the La Liga trophy.
		+	==Controversy==
		+	{{criticism-section}}
		+	===Scientology===
		+	Cruise is an outspoken advocate for the [[Church of Scientology]].<ref>http://www.answers.com/topic/tom-cruise?cat=entertainment</ref> He became involved with Scientology in 1990 through his first wife, [[Mimi Rogers]].<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/showbiz/1791617.stm Cruise lobbies over Scientology] BBC News</ref> Cruise has publicly said that Scientology, specifically the L. Ron Hubbard Scientology Study Tech, helped him overcome his [[dyslexia]].<ref>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7968809/ Cruise credits Scientology for his success] MSNBC</ref>
		+
		+	By 2003, Tom Cruise had become an active campaigner for Scientology and a promoter of Scientology "Tech" available to non-members. He lobbied politicians in [[France]] and [[Germany]], where the legal systems regard Scientology as a [[cult]] and [[business]] respectively. In 2005 the [[Paris]] city council revealed that Cruise had lobbied officials [[Nicolas Sarkozy]] and [[Jean-Claude Gaudin]], described him as a spokesman and militant for Scientology, and barred any further dealings with him.<ref>[http://www.examiner.ie/breaking/story.asp?j=182470131&p=y8z47x994&n=182471074&x= Paris snubs Scientology 'militant' Cruise] Irish Examiner</ref><ref>[http://www.sorcellerie.net/snews.asp?act=see&id=558 Tom Cruise ne sera pas citoyen d'honneur de Paris] (In French)</ref> Cruise co-founded and raised donations for [[Downtown Medical]] to offer New York 9/11 rescue workers detoxification therapy based on the works of [[L. Ron Hubbard]]. This has drawn criticism from the medical profession,<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/04/nyregion/04DETO.html?ex=1148011200&en=c46507c25827d1c3&ei=5070 ''Scientologist's Treatments Lure Firefighters''], Michelle O'Donnell, [[NY Times]], [[4 October]], [[2003]]</ref> as well as firefighters.<ref>{{cite news | first = Roger | last = Friedman | title = Tom Cruise Can't Put Out These Fires | url = http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,238238,00.html#2 | work = FOX 411 | publisher = [[Fox News Channel]] | date = [[2006-12-22]] | accessdate = 2006-12-30}}</ref> For these activities and others, [[David Miscavige]] awarded Scientology's Freedom Medal of Valor to Cruise in late 2004.
		+
		+	A controversy erupted in 2005 after he openly criticized actress [[Brooke Shields]] for using the drug [[Paxil]] (paroxetine), an [[anti-depressant]], to which Shields attributes her recovery from [[postpartum depression]] after the birth of her first daughter in 2003. Cruise asserted that there is no such thing as a [[chemical imbalance theory|chemical imbalance]], and that psychiatry is a form of [[pseudoscience]]. This led to a heated argument with [[Matt Lauer]] on ''[[The Today Show]]'' on [[June 24]], [[2005 in television|2005]].<ref>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/8344309/ "In tense moment, Cruise calls Lauer 'glib'"] [[MSNBC|MSNBC.COM]]. ([[June 28]] [[2005]])</ref>
		+	Brooke Shields responded to Cruise's comments by calling them "irresponsible and dangerous",<ref name="words">[http://www.eonline.com/News/Items/0,1,16683,00.html Brooke & Tom's War of the Words] E online.</ref> In late August of 2006, Cruise apologized in person to Shields for his comments; Shields said that she was "impressed with how heartfelt [the apology] was [...] I didn't feel at any time that I had to defend myself, nor did I feel that he was trying to convince me of anything other than the fact that he was deeply sorry. And I accepted it."<ref name="Apology">[http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/P/PEOPLE_SHIELDS?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT&CTIME=2006-09-02-20-45-16 Shields: Cruise Gave 'Heartfelt Apology']</ref> Cruise's spokesman confirmed that Cruise and Shields had made up but said that Cruise's position on anti-depressants had not changed.<ref name="Apology" /> Shields was a guest at Cruise's and Holmes's wedding.
		+
		+	Cruise also said in an ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' interview that [[psychiatry]] "is a [[Nazism|Nazi]] science" and that [[methadone]] was actually originally called Adolophine after [[Adolf Hitler]], a myth well-known as an [[urban legend]].<ref>[http://www.contactmusic.com/new/xmlfeed.nsf/mndwebpages/cruise%20tripped%20up%20by%20magazine%20over%20scientology%20claims CRUISE TRIPPED UP BY MAGAZINE OVER SCIENTOLOGY CLAIMS] contactmusic.com</ref> In an interview with ''[[Der Spiegel]]'' magazine, Cruise said that "In Scientology, we have the only successful [[drug rehabilitation]] program in the world. It's called [[Narconon]]... It's a statistically proven fact that there is only one successful drug rehabilitation program in the world. Period". While Narconon claims to have a success rate over 70%,<ref>[http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,druck-353577,00.html Actor Tom Cruise Opens Up about his Beliefs in the Church of Scientology]</ref><ref>[http://www.scientology.org/en_US/world/betterment/narconon/ NARCONON: A NEW LIFE FOR DRUG ADDICTS] Scientology web site</ref> the accuracy of this figure has been widely disputed.<ref>[http://www.xenu.net/archive/oca/narconon/success.html Narconon's success rates] Operation Clambake</ref> Scientology is well-known for its opposition to mainstream psychiatry.
		+
		+	===Jumping the couch===
		+	[[Image:Cruiseonoprah.jpg|thumb|Tom Cruise jumps on the couch during the taping of an interview on ''[[The Oprah Winfrey Show]]''.]]
		+	Cruise has made several expressions of his feelings for Holmes to the media, most notably the "couch incident" which took place on the popular ''[[Oprah Winfrey Show]]'' of [[May 23]], [[2005]]. Cruise "jumped around the set, hopped onto a couch, fell to one knee and repeatedly professed his love for his new girlfriend."<ref>{{cite news| last = Waxman|first = Sharon|title = How Personal Is Too Personal for a Star Like Tom Cruise?|work = The New York Times|language = English|publisher = The New York Times Company | url = http://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/02/movies/02crui.html?ex=1275364800&en=5bee0745ec59eea3&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss |date = [[2005-06-02]] | accessdate = 2006-08-26}}</ref> The phrase "jumping the couch," fashioned after "[[jumping the shark]]," is used to describe someone "going off the deep end" in public in a manner extreme enough to tarnish his or her reputation. It enjoyed a short-lived popularity, being chosen by the editors of the ''[[Historical Dictionary of American Slang]]'' as the "slang term of the year" in 2005<ref>{{cite web | title='Jump the couch' is top gun of slang in '05|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/10650547/}}</ref> and by the nonprofit group [[Global Language Monitor]] as one of its top phrases for the year.<ref>{{cite web | title=Language Monitor The Top Ten Phrases of 2005 | url=http://www.languagemonitor.com/Top_Word_Lists.html}}</ref>
		+
		+	The "couch incident" was voted #1 of 2005's "Most Surprising Television Moments" on a countdown on [[E!]]<ref>[http://www.boxofficeprophets.com/column/index.cfm?columnID=9334]</ref> and was the subject of numerous parodies.
		+
		+	===South Park episode===
		+	In 2005, the television show ''[[South Park]]'' provoked controversy with "[[Trapped in the Closet (South Park)|Trapped in the Closet]]", an episode that [[satire|satirized]] [[Scientology]] and the long-standing rumors regarding Cruise being a closeted homosexual. In the episode, Cruise becomes depressed and locks himself in a closet, after [[Stan Marsh]] (one of the main child characters in the series) tells Cruise (who has been told that Stan is the reincarnation of [[L. Ron Hubbard]]) that he considers [[Jon Heder]] to be a better actor than Cruise. As Cruise hides in the closet, depressed at the thought that L. Ron Hubbard doesn't like his work as an actor, several characters make numerous "come out of [[the closet]]" jokes. The show also has Nicole Kidman (Cruise's ex-wife) attempt to get Tom to "come out of the closet", telling him that Katie Holmes won't think any less of him and that she doesn't think any worse of him either. Meanwhile [[John Travolta]] (also the subject of rumors regarding possible homosexuality) and R. Kelly (who had just recorded a series of music videos called "Trapped in the Closet", regarding a man hiding in the closet of a woman he had a one-night stand with) also join Cruise in the closet, to hide after Cruise tells the two how comfortable a hiding spot Stan's closet is.
		+
		+	Dubbed "Closetgate" by the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', the controversy continued as [[Comedy Central]], the channel that broadcasts ''South Park'' in the [[United States|U.S.]], pulled the "[[Trapped in the Closet (South Park episode)|Trapped in the Closet]]" episode at the last minute from a scheduled repeat on [[March 15]], [[2006]]. It was alleged that Cruise threatened [[Paramount Pictures|Paramount]] with withdrawal from promotion of his latest film ''[[Mission: Impossible III]]'' if the episode was broadcast. [[Viacom]] owns both Paramount and Comedy Central. Paramount and Cruise's representatives denied any threats. The creators of ''South Park'', [[Trey Parker]] and [[Matt Stone]], claimed in a typically satirical response to be "servants of [[Xenu]]" and declared that the "million-year war for Earth" had only just begun. The ''Los Angeles Times'' reported that, "For Stone and Parker, Closetgate will be the gift that keeps on giving."<ref>[http://news.independent.co.uk/media/article352197.ece South Park declares war on Tom Cruise] The Independent</ref>
		+
		+	"Trapped in the Closet" was nominated for an Emmy, but did not win one, and was re-aired [[July 19]], [[2006]] and afterwards. A reference to the episode was also made at the [[58th Primetime Emmy Awards|Emmy Awards]]. In the opening segment, host [[Conan O'Brien]] is trying to make his way to the awards show. However, he ends up in Stan's room (in animated form). O'Brien runs into the closet, leading Stan to ask him to come out of the closet. O'Brien immediately runs out saying somebody else is in there. A moment later, an irritated Tom Cruise steps out and shuts the door.
		+
		+	===Litigation related to gay rumors===
		+	*'''[[Daily Express|The Daily Express newspaper]]''' — During his marriage to actress Nicole Kidman, the couple endured public speculation about their sex life and rumors that Cruise was gay. In 1998, he sued a British tabloid that alleged that the marriage was a sham designed to cover up his homosexuality.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/203779.stm Cruise and Kidman win libel case — BBC News]</ref>
		+	* '''[[David Ehrenstein]]''' — Tom Cruise's lawyers threaten to sue Ehrenstein for his book titled "Open Secret: Gay Hollywood 1928-1998", that discussed Cruise's appeal to both men and women.<ref>http://www.ehrensteinland.com/htmls/library/tomcruiseletters.shtml</ref>
		+	*'''Chad Slater''' — In May 2001 he filed a lawsuit against gay porn actor Chad Slater (aka [[Kyle Bradford]]). Slater had allegedly told the celebrity magazine ''Actustar'' that he had engaged in an affair with Cruise. Both Slater and Cruise denied this, and in August 2001 Slater was ordered to pay $10 million to Cruise in damages.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/showbiz/2664159.stm Cruise wins 'gay' claims legal battle - BBC News]</ref>
		+	*'''[[Michael Davis (magazine publisher)|Michael Davis]]''' — He also sued Michael Davis, a magazine publisher, who alleged but never confirmed that he had photographs that would prove Tom Cruise was homosexual; this suit was dropped in exchange for a public statement by Davis that Tom Cruise was heterosexual.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/showbiz/1686039.stm Cruise gay claims dropped - BBC News]</ref>
		+
		+	===Other litigation===
		+	*'''''[[Buffalo Beast]]'' newspaper''' - After The Beast's publication of their 50 Most Loathsome People of 2004 (which included Cruise in the list), Cruise's lawyer [[Bertram Fields]] threatened to sue the small independent publication. The Beast, seeing the opportunity for nationwide exposure (particularly after the story broke on the entertainment program ''[[Celebrity Justice]]'' and later in mainstream newspapers) actively encouraged the lawsuit, effectively calling Fields' bluff. No lawsuit was ever filed and Cruise was included more prominently in the 2005 list.<ref>[http://www.buffalobeast.com/73/feature1.htm Hollywood Egomaniac Threatens Beast Over Alleged "Need for Speed"]</ref>
		+	*'''TomCruise.com''' - In 2006, Cruise sued [[cybersquatter]] [[Jeff Burgar]] to obtain control of the TomCruise.com domain name. When owned by Burgar, the domain redirected to information about Cruise on Celebrity1000.com. The decision to turn TomCruise.com over to Cruise was handed down by [[WIPO]] on [[July 5]], [[2006]].<ref>[http://arbiter.wipo.int/domains/decisions/html/2006/d2006-0560.html, "WIPO Domain Name Decision: D2006-0560"]</ref> The decision was criticized by [[The Register]] suggesting that the WIPO conflict resolution system is flawed and "that if you were provided with the names of the panellists in any given case, you could predict with almost complete certainly what the outcome was."<ref>[http://www.theregister.co.uk/2006/07/23/tom_cruise_dotcom_win/ "Tom Cruise wins TomCruise.com"]</ref>
		+
		+	===Publicist===
		+	Cruise's more open attitude to [[Scientology]] has been attributed to the departure of his publicist of 14 years, [[Pat Kingsley]], in March 2004. He replaced her with his sister, fellow Scientologist Lee Anne DeVette, who served in that role until November 2005.<ref>http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117932447?categoryid=13&cs=1</ref> He then demoted his sister and replaced her with veteran publicist Paul Bloch, from the publicity firm Rogers and Cowan.
		+	DeVette explained that it was her decision to work on philanthropic projects rather than publicity.<ref>http://entertainment.tv.yahoo.com/entnews/eo/20051108/113151894008.html</ref>Such restructuring is seen as a move to curtail publicity about his Scientology views, as well as the hard-sell of his relationship with Katie Holmes backfiring with the public.<ref>http://film.guardian.co.uk/features/featurepages/0,,1499693,00.html</ref><ref>http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/JustSaying/story?id=798031&page=1</ref>
		+
		+	===Miscellaneous===
		+
		+	[[October 10]], [[2006]] was declared "Tom Cruise Day" in Japan, making him the first Hollywood star to have a special day named in his honor. The Japan Memorial Day Association said that he was awarded with a special day because he has made more trips to Japan than any other Hollywood star.<ref>[http://www.dailyindia.com/show/68217.php/Japan_will_now_have_a_Tom_Cruise_day_ANI Japan Will Now Have a Tom Cruise Day]</ref>
		+
		+	==See also==
		+	{{Multicol}}
		+	* [[Brat Pack (movies)|Brat Pack]]
		+	* [[Church of Scientology]]
		+	* [[Citizens Commission on Human Rights]]
		+	* [[Flint, Wales]]
		+	* [[List of Louisvillians]]
		+	* [[List of Welsh-Americans]]
		+	{{Multicol-break}}
		+	* [[List of Scientologists]]
		+	* [[Supercouple]]
		+	* ''[[Tom Cruise: Unauthorized]]'' (1998)
		+	* ''[[Tom Cruise: All the World's a Stage]]'' (2006)
		+	* ''[[Tom Cruise: An Unauthorized Biography]]'' (2008)
		+	* [[TomKat]]
		+	{{Multicol-end}}
		+
		+	==References==
		+	{{reflist|2}}
		+
		+	==External links==
		+	{{Portal|Scientology|Scientology e meter blue.jpg}}
		+	{{commons}}
		+	{{wikinews}}
		+	{{wikiquote}}
		+	{{wikinews|Tom Cruise debates psychiatry on Today show}}
		+	*{{imdb name|id=0000129|name=Tom Cruise}}
		+	*{{ymovies name|1800015725}}
		+	*{{people.com}}
		+	*{{dmoz|Arts/People/C/Cruise,_Tom/}}
		+
		+	*[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/8343367/ Transcript of the Matt Lauer interview]
		+	*[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2099-2121726_1,00.html/ Full Dotson Rader Interview; 4/16/06]
		+	*[http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/6420217/the_passion_of_the_cruise/?rnd=1142911231511&has-player=true&version=6.0.12.1465 ''Rolling Stone'' Interview: "The Passion of the Cruise"; 08/11/04]
		+	*[http://www.notstarring.com/actors/cruise-tom Roles that Tom Cruise has turned down]
		+	*[http://www.rottentomatoes.com/p/tom_cruise/ Tom Cruise at Rotten Tomatoes]
		+	*[http://www.beliefnet.com/features/searchengine.html?cx=000544890178875010597%3An9bkjko5dsm&cof=FORID%3A9&q=Tom+Cruise&Image1.x=14&Image1.y=11 Tom Cruise at Beliefnet]
		+
		+	{{start box}}
		+	{{succession box
		+	| title=[[People (magazine)|People]]'s Sexiest Man Alive
		+	| years=1990
		+	| before=[[Sean Connery]]
		+	| after=[[Patrick Swayze]]}}
		+	{{end}}
		+
		+	{{Persondata
		+	|NAME=Cruise Mapother IV, Thomas
		+	|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=Cruise, Tom
		+	|SHORT DESCRIPTION=American actor
		+	|DATE OF BIRTH=[[July 3]], [[1962]]
		+	|PLACE OF BIRTH=[[Syracuse, New York]]
		+	}}
	{{DEFAULTSORT:Cruise, Tom}}		{{DEFAULTSORT:Cruise, Tom}}
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-	[[Catégorie:Naissance en 1962]]	+	[[Category:American adoptive parents]]
		+	[[Category:Action film actors]]
		+	[[Category:American film actors]]
		+	[[Category:American film producers]]
		+	[[Category:American Scientologists]]
		+	[[Category:American vegetarians]]
		+	[[Category:Best Drama Actor Golden Globe (film)]]
		+	[[Category:Best Musical or Comedy Actor Golden Globe (film)]]
		+	[[Category:Best Supporting Actor Golden Globe (film)]]
		+	[[Category:Converts to Scientology]]
		+	[[Category:English Americans]]
		+	[[Category:German-Americans]]
		+	[[Category:Irish-Americans]]
		+	[[Category:German-Irish people]]
		+	[[Category:Welsh-Americans]]
		+	[[Category:Living people]]
		+	[[Category:New Jersey actors]]
		+	[[Category:New York actors]]
		+	[[Category:German-Irish Americans]]
		+	[[Category:People from Louisville, Kentucky]]
		+	[[Category:People from Ottawa]]
		+	[[Category:People from Syracuse, New York]]
		+	[[Category:Former Roman Catholics]]
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Version actuelle

Modèle:Pp-semi Modèle:Infobox Actor

Thomas Cruise Mapother IV (born July 3, 1962), more commonly known as Tom Cruise, is an American actor and film producer. He joins only Tom Hanks as an actor to have seven consecutive US$100 million plus blockbusters on his résumé, and Forbes magazine ranked him as the world's most powerful celebrity in 2006.<ref> Tom Cruise ranked 1 among The Top 100 Celebrities In 2006

. Forbes 
 
 (2007-05-01)
   

. Retrieved on 2007-05-01. </ref> He has been nominated for three Academy Awards and won three Golden Globe Awards.

His first leading role was 1983's Risky Business.<ref name="imdb">Modèle:Imdb name</ref> After that, he starred in many top films and became a Hollywood celebrity, perhaps the most notable of these being the hugely successful 1986 film Top Gun.

Cruise is also known for his criticism of Psychiatry, and for his support of Scientology,<ref> Scientology News: Tom Cruise Tops List of Scientology Celebrities at Celebrity Centre International 34th Anniversary Church of Scientology; 2006; Accessed March 23 2007 </ref> which has attracted controversy and media interest.

Sommaire 1 Family and early life 2 Hollywood 2.1 Acting career 2.1.1 1980s 2.1.2 1990s 2.1.3 2000s 2.2 Producing career 2.2.1 Breakup with Paramount 2.2.2 Management of United Artists 3 Popularity 4 Relationships and personal life 4.1 Mimi Rogers 4.2 Nicole Kidman 4.3 Penélope Cruz 4.4 Katie Holmes 5 Controversy 5.1 Scientology 5.2 Jumping the couch 5.3 South Park episode 5.4 Litigation related to gay rumors 5.5 Other litigation 5.6 Publicist 5.7 Miscellaneous 5.8 Miscellaneous 6 See also 7 References 8 External links

Family and early life

Cruise was born in Syracuse, New York ,<ref name="family_tree_treat"> Cruise's Family Tree Treat

 (2004-01-13)
   

. Retrieved on 2007-10-17. </ref> the son of Mary Lee (née Pfeiffer), a special education teacher, and Thomas Cruise Mapother III, an electrical engineer. <ref name="filmref"> Tom Cruise Biography

. Retrieved on 2007-10-17. </ref> Cruise has German and Colonial English ancestry from his paternal great-grandparents, William Reibert and Charlotte Louise Voelker; and purportedly Welsh ancestry from his paternal great-great-grandfather, Dylan Henry Mapother, who emigrated from Flint, Wales to Louisville, Kentucky in 1850.<ref> Ancestry of Tom Cruise: Fourth Generation

.</ref><ref>Icons Of Wales - Tom Cruise</ref> His great-great-grandmother Mary Cruise married twice. Her first husband was Dillon Henry Mapother, by whom she had six children. She remarried after Dillon's death, to Thomas O'Mara. Their son Thomas O'Mara, enumerated as such in the 1880 Census, was later known as "Thomas Cruise Mapother". The reason(s) for him changing his name are not entirely clear. Thus, from his and his wife Anna Stewart Bateman, he has Irish and Colonial English ancestry, respectively. His maternal ancestry is half Irish and half German (including Alsatian).<ref>Dreyfous-Kahrs-Thomas-Hamilton Family</ref> Anna Stewart Bateman's great-grandfather was a third cousin of President George Washington and descended seven times from King Jean de Brienne of Jerusalem, once from King Louis VIII of France, once from King Henry III of England, twice from King Edward I of England and three times from King Edward III of England.<ref name="ancestry"> Ancestry of Tom Cruise

. Retrieved on 2007-10-17. </ref><ref name="geneall"> Thomas Cruise Mapother IV

. Retrieved on 2007-10-17. </ref>

When Cruise was twelve, his mother left his father, taking Cruise and his sister Lee Anne with her.<ref name="parade"> "I Can Create Who I Am"

 (2006-04-09)
   

. Retrieved on 2007-10-17. </ref> Cities in which Tom lived included Ottawa, Ontario (where he attended Colonel By Secondary School), Louisville, Kentucky, Winnetka, Illinois and Wayne, New Jersey. In all, Cruise attended eight elementary schools and three high schools. He briefly attended a Franciscan seminary in Cincinnati and aspired to become a Catholic priest. He eventually graduated from Glen Ridge High School in New Jersey in 1980.

Cruise has said that he suffered from abuse as a child. This was partially due to him suffering from dyslexia. He stated that when something went wrong, his father came down hard on him. He told Parade Magazine that his father was "a bully" and "a merchant of chaos." Cruise said he learned early on that his father was - and, by extension, some people were - not to be trusted: "I knew from being around my father that not everyone means me well."<ref>CNN report about Parade Magazine article</ref> Having gone through fifteen schools in twelve years, Cruise, who dropped his father's name at age twelve, was also a victim of bullying at school.

Cruise started acting after being sidelined from his high school's wrestling team due to a knee injury. While injured, he successfully auditioned for a lead role in his high school's production of Guys and Dolls and decided to become an actor after his success in the role. His cousin William Mapother is also an actor most known for playing Ethan Rom on Lost.

Hollywood

Modèle:Seealso

Acting career

1980s

Cruise's first acting role came in 1981, when he had a small role in Endless Love, a drama/romance film starring Brooke Shields. Later that same year he had a more substantial role in the film Taps, appearing alongside George C. Scott, Timothy Hutton and Sean Penn. The film about military cadets was moderately successful. In 1983, he was one of many teenaged stars to appear in Francis Ford Coppola's The Outsiders. The cast for this film included Rob Lowe, Matt Dillon, Patrick Swayze, and Ralph Macchio, some of which were part of the Brat Pack. That same year Cruise appeared in the teen comedy Losin' It with Shelley Long. Also in 1983, Risky Business was released, widely thought to be the film that propelled Cruise to stardom. One sequence in the film, featuring Cruise lip-syncing Bob Seger's "Old Time Rock and Roll" in his underwear, has become an iconic moment in film history. The film has been described as "A Generation-X classic, and a career-maker for Tom Cruise".<ref name="rottentomatoes"> Risky Business - Rotten Tomatoes

.</ref> A fourth film that was released in 1983 was the high-school football drama, All the Right Moves.

Cruise's next film was the 1985 fantasy film Legend directed by Ridley Scott.

Cruise was then selected as the first choice by producers Jerry Bruckheimer and Don Simpson for an upcoming American fighter pilot film. Cruise at first apparently turned down the project, but helped to alter the script he was given and developed the film. After being taken for a flight with the Blue Angels, Cruise changed his mind and signed on with the project. The project was titled Top Gun and opened in May 1986, becoming the highest grossing film of the year, taking in US$353,816,701 in worldwide figures.

He also starred in Martin Scorsese's The Color of Money along with Paul Newman that same year, which earned Paul a Best Actor academy award.

In 1988, he starred in the light hearted drama Cocktail. The film received mixed reviews and Cruise was subsequently nominated for a Razzie award in 1989. Later that year, Rain Man was released, which also starred Dustin Hoffman and was directed by Barry Levinson. The film was praised by critics and was nominated for eight Academy Awards, and won four, including Best Picture and Best Actor.

1990s

Cruise was welcomed with similar success the following year when he received Academy Award nominations for Oliver Stone's Born on the Fourth of July, which was based on the best selling autobiography of Anti-Vietnam War hero Ron Kovic; for the first time the audience knew Tom could play complicated roles other than handsome boys. In 1990, Cruise starred as hot-shot race car driver "Cole Trickle" in Tony Scott's Days of Thunder. While filming Days of Thunder Cruise first met Australian actress Nicole Kidman, who was his co-star. Cruise's next film was Ron Howard's Far and Away where he again was starring with Nicole Kidman. After Days of Thunder he starred in the military thriller A Few Good Men with Jack Nicholson and Demi Moore. This film was very well received and earned Cruise a Golden Globe and MTV nominations. The following year he starred in Sydney Pollack's The Firm along with Gene Hackman and Ed Harris. It was based on the best selling novel by John Grisham, and won Favorite Dramatic Motion Picture at the People's Choice Awards.

In 1994, Cruise starred along with Brad Pitt, Antonio Banderas and Christian Slater in Neil Jordan's Interview with the Vampire, a gothic drama/horror film that was based on Anne Rice's best selling novel which was also very well received, although Rice was outspoken in her criticism of Cruise having been cast in the film. In 1996, Cruise starred in (as well as produced) Brian de Palma's Mission: Impossible. The film, a remake of the 1960s TV series, grossed US$456,494,803 worldwide, making it the third highest grossing film that year. That same year he played the title role in the comedy-drama Jerry Maguire. The film earned him an Academy Award Best Actor nomination as well as winning co-star Cuba Gooding, Jr. an Academy Award; the film was nominated for five Academy Awards in total. The film also included the line "Show Me the Money!" which became part of popular culture. Jerry Maguire saw Tom Cruise become the first actor in history to star in five consecutive films that grossed at least $100 million in domestic release. In 1999 he starred in the erotic thriller Eyes Wide Shut which took two years to complete and was director Stanley Kubrick's last film. It was also the last film in which he starred alongside then spouse Nicole Kidman. But the film, which had a straightforward description of sex and a recondite story-telling style, raised great controversies. Cruise also played a misogynistic male guru in Magnolia (1999), which netted him a Best Supporting Actor Oscar nomination. He was originally intended to play as Jericho Cane in the action horror flim End of Days before Arnold Schwarzenegger assumed the lead role.

2000s

In 2000, Cruise returned as Ethan Hunt in the second installment of the Mission Impossible films, releasing Mission: Impossible II. The film was directed by Hong Kong director John Woo and branded with his Gun fu Style, but it continued the series' blockbuster success at the box office, taking in almost US$546 M in worldwide figures, like its predecessor, being the third highest grossing film of the year. The following year Cruise starred in the remake of the 1997 film Abre Los Ojos, Vanilla Sky. In 2002, Cruise starred in the dystopian science fiction thriller, Minority Report which was directed by Steven Spielberg and based on the science fiction short story by Philip Dick; as well as The Last Samurai.

In the 2004 Michael Mann's crime-thriller film Collateral, Cruise took a turn against his generic "good guy" role by playing the role of a sociopathic hitman. In 2005, Cruise starred in Steven Spielberg's War of the Worlds. The film earned US$234 M and ultimately earned US$591.4 M worldwide . The film also earned three Razzie nominations including one for Cruise.

In 2006, he reprised his role as Ethan Hunt in the third installment of the Mission Impossible film series Mission: Impossible III which was also a box office success and was more positively received by critics than its predecessor. He appeared in the 2007 drama Lions for Lambs and will star in the 2008 thriller Valkyrie.

Producing career

Cruise partnered with producer Paula Wagner to form Cruise/Wagner Productions which has co-produced several of Cruise's films,<ref>Modèle:Imdb company</ref> the first being Mission: Impossible in 1996 which was also Cruise's first project as a producer. He won a Nova Award (shared with Paula Wagner) for Most Promising Producer in Theatrical Motion Pictures at the PGA Golden Laurel Awards in 1997 for his work as a producer for the film Mission: Impossible.

His next project as a producer was the 1998 film Without Limits about famous American runner Steve Prefontaine. Cruise returned to work as a producer in 2000, continuing work on the Mission Impossible sequel. He then served as an executive producer for The Others which starred Nicole Kidman, also that year, he again worked as actor/producer in Vanilla Sky. He subsequently worked on (but did not star in) Narc, Hitting It Hard and Shattered Glass. His next project, which he also starred in, was The Last Samurai, he was jointly nominated for the Motion Picture Producer of the Year Award at the 2004 PGA Golden Laurel Awards. He then worked on Suspect Zero, Elizabethtown and Ask the Dust.

Tom Cruise is noted as having negotiated some of the most lucrative movie deals in Hollywood, and was described in 2005 by Hollywood economist Edward Jay Epstein as "one of the most powerful - and richest - forces in Hollywood". Epstein argues that Cruise is one of the few producers (the others being George Lucas, Steven Spielberg and Jerry Bruckheimer) who are regarded as able to guarantee the success of a billion-dollar movie franchise. Epstein also contends that the public obsession with Cruise's tabloid controversies obscures full appreciation of Cruise's exceptional commercial prowess in the industry.<ref>http://www.slate.com/id/2121617/</ref>

Cruise/Wagner Productions, Tom Cruise's film production company, is said to be developing a screenplay based on Erik Larson's New York Times bestseller, The Devil in the White City about a real life serial killer at Chicago's World's Columbian Exposition. Kathryn Bigelow is attached to the project to produce and helm. Meanwhile, Leonardo DiCaprio's production company, Appian Way, is also developing a film about Holmes and the World's Fair, in which DiCaprio will star.<ref>http://www.thezreview.co.uk/comingsoon/d/devilinthewhitecitythe.htm</ref>

Breakup with Paramount

On August 22, 2006, Paramount Pictures announced it was ending its 14-year relationship with Tom Cruise. In the Wall Street Journal, chairman of Viacom (Paramount's parent company) Sumner Redstone cited the economic damage to Tom Cruise's value as an actor and producer from his controversial public behavior and views.<ref>CNN: Paramount Pictures cuts ties with Tom Cruise</ref><ref>National Ledger: Sumner Redstone Rebuke of Tom Cruise: Now What?</ref> Cruise/Wagner Productions responded that Paramount's announcement was a face-saving move after the production company had successfully sought alternative financing from private equity firms.<ref>USA Today: Cruise seeks financial backing from hedge funds</ref> Industry analysts such as Edward Jay Epstein commented that the real reason for the split was most likely Paramount's discontent over Cruise/Wagner's exceptionally large share of DVD sales from the Mission: Impossible franchise.<ref>The Financial Times: Paramount vs. Cruise: all down the killer cut by Edward Jay Epstein</ref><ref>The Hollywood Reporter: Biz eyeing economics of Cruise-Par breakup: DVD slowdown forcing restraint</ref> However, Radar has claimed that the "personal conduct" complained of by Redstone was an allegedly Cruise-inspired attempt to intimidate Brad Grey, CEO of Paramount. According to Radar, when Grey was walking to his car one night after tense negotiations with Cruise over Mission: Impossible 3, he was "surrounded by more than a dozen Scientologists, who pressured him to ease up on the actor ... Following a terse exchange, the visitors allowed Grey to get into his car and leave, but the message was clear." Grey reportedly stood his ground and convinced Cruise to accept a lower fee than the actor had initially demanded.<ref> Bercovici , Jeff

     (2006-09-15)
   
.    Brad Grey's Scientology Scare 
. Radar Online
. Radar magazine 
   

. Retrieved on 2006-09-24. </ref>

Management of United Artists

According to an Associated Press report on November 2 2006, Tom Cruise and Paula Wagner announced that they will be in charge of the United Artists film studio.<ref>Tom Cruise, Partner to Run Film Studio</ref> Cruise will produce and star in films for United Artists, while Wagner will serve as UA's chief executive.

Production began in 2007 of Valkyrie, a thriller based on the July 20, 1944 assassination attempt against Adolf Hitler. The film was acquired in March 2007 by United Artists. On March 21, 2007 Cruise signed on to play Claus von Stauffenberg, the protagonist. This project marks the second production to be greenlighted since Cruise and Wagner took control of United Artists. The first was its inaugural film, Lions for Lambs, directed by Robert Redford and starring Redford, Meryl Streep and Cruise. Lambs was released on November 9, 2007<ref>Tom Cruise Takes on Adolf Hitler. March 21, 2007.</ref>, opening to unimpressive box office revenue and critical reception.

Popularity

In 1990, 1991 and 1997, People magazine rated him among the 50 most beautiful people in the world.<ref name="imdb" /> In 1995, Empire magazine ranked him among the 100 sexiest stars in film history.<ref name="imdb"/> Two years later, it ranked him among the top 5 movie stars of all time.<ref name="imdb" /> In 2002 and 2003, he was rated by Premiere among the top 20 in its annual Power 100 list.<ref name="imdb" /> .

In 2006, Premiere magazine established Cruise as Hollywood's most powerful actor, as Cruise came in at number 13 on the magazines 2006 Power List, being the highest ranked actor.<ref> BANG Showbiz

     (March 29, 2006)
   
.    Tom Cruise's popularity tumble! 

.</ref>

On 16 June, 2006, Forbes magazine published 'The Celebrity 100', a list of the most powerful celebrities, which Cruise topped. The list was generated using a combination of income (between June 2005 and June 2006), web references by Google, press clips compiled by LexisNexis, television and radio mentions (by Factiva), and the number of times a celebrity appeared on the cover of 26 major consumer magazines.

As of August 2006, "a USA Today/Gallup poll in which half of those surveyed registered an "unfavorable" opinion of the actor" was cited as a reason in addition to "unacceptable behavior"<ref>Reuter's</ref> for Paramount's non-renewal of their production contract with Cruise. In addition, Marketing Evaluations reports that Tom Cruise's Q score (which is a measure of the popularity of celebrities), had fallen 40%. It was also revealed that Cruise is the celebrity people would least like as their best friend. Tom Cruise came bottom with just 3 percent, while the winner was 'School of Rock' star Jack Black.

Relationships and personal life

Mimi Rogers

Cruise was married to Mimi Rogers (married on May 9, 1987, divorced February 4, 1990).<ref name="imdb" /> Rogers is generally believed to have introduced Cruise to Scientology.<ref> Modèle:Cite journal as excerpted by Radar at [1]</ref>

Nicole Kidman

Cruise met Nicole Kidman on the set of their film Days of Thunder. The couple married on December 24, 1990 and divorced on August 8, 2001.<ref name="imdb" /> He and Kidman adopted two children, Isabella (born 1993) and Connor (born 1995).<ref name="imdb" /> They separated when Kidman was three months pregnant, just before their tenth wedding anniversary; she later miscarried.<ref>http://www.eonline.com/News/Items/0,1,8039,00.html</ref>

Penélope Cruz

Cruise was next romantically linked with Penélope Cruz, the lead actress in his film Vanilla Sky. In March 2004, he announced that their relationship had ended in January.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/film/3570639.stm</ref>

Katie Holmes

Main article: TomKat

In April 2005, Cruise began dating Katie Holmes, before announcing on 17 June 2005 that he had proposed to her at the top of the Eiffel Tower in Paris.<ref>http://www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml?type=topNews&storyID=8822036</ref> She accepted his proposal, and the couple married in Bracciano, Italy on November 18, 2006.

On April 18, 2006 Katie gave birth to a baby girl named Suri at Saint John's Health Center in Santa Monica, California.<ref>http://www.accesshollywood.com/movies/ah43.shtml</ref> Cruise stated that the name derives from the Hebrew word for "princess" or the Persian word meaning red rose.<ref>http://www.gawker.com/news/births/on-the-matter-of-baby-suri-168181.php</ref> (See also Sarah.) She is the first child for Holmes and third for Cruise, who (as previously mentioned) has two adopted children with Nicole Kidman.<ref>Katie Holmes & Tom Cruise Have a Girl! People.com. April 18, 2006.</ref> Katie and Tom are fans of club Real Madrid C.F. They were on the stands in last match of La Liga 2006-07 between Real Madrid and RCD Mallorca which Real Madrid won 3-1 and the La Liga trophy.

Controversy

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Scientology

Cruise is an outspoken advocate for the Church of Scientology.<ref>http://www.answers.com/topic/tom-cruise?cat=entertainment</ref> He became involved with Scientology in 1990 through his first wife, Mimi Rogers.<ref>Cruise lobbies over Scientology BBC News</ref> Cruise has publicly said that Scientology, specifically the L. Ron Hubbard Scientology Study Tech, helped him overcome his dyslexia.<ref>Cruise credits Scientology for his success MSNBC</ref>

By 2003, Tom Cruise had become an active campaigner for Scientology and a promoter of Scientology "Tech" available to non-members. He lobbied politicians in France and Germany, where the legal systems regard Scientology as a cult and business respectively. In 2005 the Paris city council revealed that Cruise had lobbied officials Nicolas Sarkozy and Jean-Claude Gaudin, described him as a spokesman and militant for Scientology, and barred any further dealings with him.<ref>Paris snubs Scientology 'militant' Cruise Irish Examiner</ref><ref>Tom Cruise ne sera pas citoyen d'honneur de Paris (In French)</ref> Cruise co-founded and raised donations for Downtown Medical to offer New York 9/11 rescue workers detoxification therapy based on the works of L. Ron Hubbard. This has drawn criticism from the medical profession,<ref>Scientologist's Treatments Lure Firefighters, Michelle O'Donnell, NY Times, 4 October, 2003</ref> as well as firefighters.<ref> Friedman , Roger

  . 
 "
   Tom Cruise Can't Put Out These Fires 
     
 " , FOX 411 , Fox News Channel
  , 2006-12-22
 
  . Retrieved on 2006-12-30
 . </ref> For these activities and others, David Miscavige awarded Scientology's Freedom Medal of Valor to Cruise in late 2004.

A controversy erupted in 2005 after he openly criticized actress Brooke Shields for using the drug Paxil (paroxetine), an anti-depressant, to which Shields attributes her recovery from postpartum depression after the birth of her first daughter in 2003. Cruise asserted that there is no such thing as a chemical imbalance, and that psychiatry is a form of pseudoscience. This led to a heated argument with Matt Lauer on The Today Show on June 24, 2005.<ref>"In tense moment, Cruise calls Lauer 'glib'" MSNBC.COM. (June 28 2005)</ref> Brooke Shields responded to Cruise's comments by calling them "irresponsible and dangerous",<ref name="words">Brooke & Tom's War of the Words E online.</ref> In late August of 2006, Cruise apologized in person to Shields for his comments; Shields said that she was "impressed with how heartfelt [the apology] was [...] I didn't feel at any time that I had to defend myself, nor did I feel that he was trying to convince me of anything other than the fact that he was deeply sorry. And I accepted it."<ref name="Apology">Shields: Cruise Gave 'Heartfelt Apology'</ref> Cruise's spokesman confirmed that Cruise and Shields had made up but said that Cruise's position on anti-depressants had not changed.<ref name="Apology" /> Shields was a guest at Cruise's and Holmes's wedding.

Cruise also said in an Entertainment Weekly interview that psychiatry "is a Nazi science" and that methadone was actually originally called Adolophine after Adolf Hitler, a myth well-known as an urban legend.<ref>CRUISE TRIPPED UP BY MAGAZINE OVER SCIENTOLOGY CLAIMS contactmusic.com</ref> In an interview with Der Spiegel magazine, Cruise said that "In Scientology, we have the only successful drug rehabilitation program in the world. It's called Narconon... It's a statistically proven fact that there is only one successful drug rehabilitation program in the world. Period". While Narconon claims to have a success rate over 70%,<ref>Actor Tom Cruise Opens Up about his Beliefs in the Church of Scientology</ref><ref>NARCONON: A NEW LIFE FOR DRUG ADDICTS Scientology web site</ref> the accuracy of this figure has been widely disputed.<ref>Narconon's success rates Operation Clambake</ref> Scientology is well-known for its opposition to mainstream psychiatry.

Jumping the couch

Cruise has made several expressions of his feelings for Holmes to the media, most notably the "couch incident" which took place on the popular Oprah Winfrey Show of May 23, 2005. Cruise "jumped around the set, hopped onto a couch, fell to one knee and repeatedly professed his love for his new girlfriend."<ref> Waxman , Sharon

  . 
 "
   How Personal Is Too Personal for a Star Like Tom Cruise? 
     
 " , The New York Times , The New York Times Company
  , 2005-06-02
 
  . Retrieved on 2006-08-26
 .  (English) 
  </ref>  The phrase "jumping the couch," fashioned after "jumping the shark," is used to describe someone "going off the deep end" in public in a manner extreme enough to tarnish his or her reputation. It enjoyed a short-lived popularity, being chosen by the editors of the Historical Dictionary of American Slang as the "slang term of the year" in 2005<ref>   'Jump the couch' is top gun of slang in '05 

 

.</ref> and by the nonprofit group Global Language Monitor as one of its top phrases for the year.<ref> Language Monitor The Top Ten Phrases of 2005

.</ref>

The "couch incident" was voted #1 of 2005's "Most Surprising Television Moments" on a countdown on E!<ref>[2]</ref> and was the subject of numerous parodies.

South Park episode

In 2005, the television show South Park provoked controversy with "Trapped in the Closet", an episode that satirized Scientology and the long-standing rumors regarding Cruise being a closeted homosexual. In the episode, Cruise becomes depressed and locks himself in a closet, after Stan Marsh (one of the main child characters in the series) tells Cruise (who has been told that Stan is the reincarnation of L. Ron Hubbard) that he considers Jon Heder to be a better actor than Cruise. As Cruise hides in the closet, depressed at the thought that L. Ron Hubbard doesn't like his work as an actor, several characters make numerous "come out of the closet" jokes. The show also has Nicole Kidman (Cruise's ex-wife) attempt to get Tom to "come out of the closet", telling him that Katie Holmes won't think any less of him and that she doesn't think any worse of him either. Meanwhile John Travolta (also the subject of rumors regarding possible homosexuality) and R. Kelly (who had just recorded a series of music videos called "Trapped in the Closet", regarding a man hiding in the closet of a woman he had a one-night stand with) also join Cruise in the closet, to hide after Cruise tells the two how comfortable a hiding spot Stan's closet is.

Dubbed "Closetgate" by the Los Angeles Times, the controversy continued as Comedy Central, the channel that broadcasts South Park in the U.S., pulled the "Trapped in the Closet" episode at the last minute from a scheduled repeat on March 15, 2006. It was alleged that Cruise threatened Paramount with withdrawal from promotion of his latest film Mission: Impossible III if the episode was broadcast. Viacom owns both Paramount and Comedy Central. Paramount and Cruise's representatives denied any threats. The creators of South Park, Trey Parker and Matt Stone, claimed in a typically satirical response to be "servants of Xenu" and declared that the "million-year war for Earth" had only just begun. The Los Angeles Times reported that, "For Stone and Parker, Closetgate will be the gift that keeps on giving."<ref>South Park declares war on Tom Cruise The Independent</ref>

"Trapped in the Closet" was nominated for an Emmy, but did not win one, and was re-aired July 19, 2006 and afterwards. A reference to the episode was also made at the Emmy Awards. In the opening segment, host Conan O'Brien is trying to make his way to the awards show. However, he ends up in Stan's room (in animated form). O'Brien runs into the closet, leading Stan to ask him to come out of the closet. O'Brien immediately runs out saying somebody else is in there. A moment later, an irritated Tom Cruise steps out and shuts the door.

Litigation related to gay rumors

• The Daily Express newspaper — During his marriage to actress Nicole Kidman, the couple endured public speculation about their sex life and rumors that Cruise was gay. In 1998, he sued a British tabloid that alleged that the marriage was a sham designed to cover up his homosexuality.<ref>Cruise and Kidman win libel case — BBC News</ref>
• David Ehrenstein — Tom Cruise's lawyers threaten to sue Ehrenstein for his book titled "Open Secret: Gay Hollywood 1928-1998", that discussed Cruise's appeal to both men and women.<ref>http://www.ehrensteinland.com/htmls/library/tomcruiseletters.shtml</ref>
• Chad Slater — In May 2001 he filed a lawsuit against gay porn actor Chad Slater (aka Kyle Bradford). Slater had allegedly told the celebrity magazine Actustar that he had engaged in an affair with Cruise. Both Slater and Cruise denied this, and in August 2001 Slater was ordered to pay $10 million to Cruise in damages.<ref>Cruise wins 'gay' claims legal battle - BBC News</ref>
• Michael Davis — He also sued Michael Davis, a magazine publisher, who alleged but never confirmed that he had photographs that would prove Tom Cruise was homosexual; this suit was dropped in exchange for a public statement by Davis that Tom Cruise was heterosexual.<ref>Cruise gay claims dropped - BBC News</ref>

Other litigation

• Buffalo Beast newspaper - After The Beast's publication of their 50 Most Loathsome People of 2004 (which included Cruise in the list), Cruise's lawyer Bertram Fields threatened to sue the small independent publication. The Beast, seeing the opportunity for nationwide exposure (particularly after the story broke on the entertainment program Celebrity Justice and later in mainstream newspapers) actively encouraged the lawsuit, effectively calling Fields' bluff. No lawsuit was ever filed and Cruise was included more prominently in the 2005 list.<ref>Hollywood Egomaniac Threatens Beast Over Alleged "Need for Speed"</ref>
• TomCruise.com - In 2006, Cruise sued cybersquatter Jeff Burgar to obtain control of the TomCruise.com domain name. When owned by Burgar, the domain redirected to information about Cruise on Celebrity1000.com. The decision to turn TomCruise.com over to Cruise was handed down by WIPO on July 5, 2006.<ref>"WIPO Domain Name Decision: D2006-0560"</ref> The decision was criticized by The Register suggesting that the WIPO conflict resolution system is flawed and "that if you were provided with the names of the panellists in any given case, you could predict with almost complete certainly what the outcome was."<ref>"Tom Cruise wins TomCruise.com"</ref>

Publicist

Cruise's more open attitude to Scientology has been attributed to the departure of his publicist of 14 years, Pat Kingsley, in March 2004. He replaced her with his sister, fellow Scientologist Lee Anne DeVette, who served in that role until November 2005.<ref>http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117932447?categoryid=13&cs=1</ref> He then demoted his sister and replaced her with veteran publicist Paul Bloch, from the publicity firm Rogers and Cowan. DeVette explained that it was her decision to work on philanthropic projects rather than publicity.<ref>http://entertainment.tv.yahoo.com/entnews/eo/20051108/113151894008.html</ref>Such restructuring is seen as a move to curtail publicity about his Scientology views, as well as the hard-sell of his relationship with Katie Holmes backfiring with the public.<ref>http://film.guardian.co.uk/features/featurepages/0,,1499693,00.html</ref><ref>http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/JustSaying/story?id=798031&page=1</ref>

Miscellaneous

October 10, 2006 was declared "Tom Cruise Day" in Japan, making him the first Hollywood star to have a special day named in his honor. The Japan Memorial Day Association said that he was awarded with a special day because he has made more trips to Japan than any other Hollywood star.<ref>

Miscellaneous

October 10, 2006 was declared "Tom Cruise Day" in Japan, making him the first Hollywood star to have a special day named in his honor. The Japan Memorial Day Association said that he was awarded with a special day because he has made more trips to Japan than any other Hollywood star.<ref>Japan Will Now Have a Tom Cruise Day</ref>

See also

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• Brat Pack
• Church of Scientology
• Citizens Commission on Human Rights
• Flint, Wales
• List of Louisvillians
• List of Welsh-Americans

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• List of Scientologists
• Supercouple
• Tom Cruise: Unauthorized (1998)
• Tom Cruise: All the World's a Stage (2006)
• Tom Cruise: An Unauthorized Biography (2008)
• TomKat

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References

External links

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• Modèle:Imdb name
• Modèle:Ymovies name
• Modèle:People.com
• [{{{2}}} Catégorie Arts/People/C/Cruise,_Tom/] de l’annuaire dmoz.

• Transcript of the Matt Lauer interview
• Full Dotson Rader Interview; 4/16/06
• Rolling Stone Interview: "The Passion of the Cruise"; 08/11/04
• Roles that Tom Cruise has turned down
• Tom Cruise at Rotten Tomatoes
• Tom Cruise at Beliefnet

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