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IPod

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Version du 20 décembre 2007 à 20:25
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-{{confusion|texte=Cet article traite de l'iPod en général. Pour des informations concernant les iPods de la gamme actuelle, voir [[iPod classic]], [[iPod touch]], [[iPod nano]] et [[iPod shuffle]]}}+{{sprotected2}}
-{{minuscule|iPod}}+{{Lowercase}}
 +{{Information appliance
 + | title = iPod
 + | image = [[Image:IPod Line2.png|320px]]
 + | caption = ''The current iPod line consists of (from left to right) the [[iPod shuffle]], [[iPod nano]], [[iPod classic]] and [[iPod touch]].''
 + | manufacturer = [[Apple Inc.]]
 + | type = [[Portable media player]]
 + | onlineservice = [[iTunes Store]]
 + | lifespan = [[2001]]
 + | unitssold = Over 119 million units worldwide, as of October 2007
 +}}'''iPod''' is a brand of [[portable media player]]s designed and marketed by [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] and launched on [[October 23]], [[2001]]. The line-up currently consists of the original style hard drive-based flagship [[iPod classic]], the [[iPod touch]], the mid-level video-capable [[iPod nano]], and the entry-level screenless [[iPod shuffle]]. Former products include the compact [[iPod mini]] (replaced by the iPod nano) and the high-end spin-off [[iPod photo]] (re-integrated into the main iPod classic line). iPod classic models store [[multimedia|media]] on an internal [[hard drive]], while all other models, aside from the [[Microdrive]]-based mini, use [[flash memory]] to enable their smaller size. As with many other digital music players, iPods can also serve as external [[USB mass storage device class|data storage devices]].
-[[Image:IPod Line.png|right|300px|thumb|La famille iPod : [[iPod shuffle|shuffle]], [[iPod nano|nano]], [[iPod classic|classic]] et [[iPod touch|touch]].]]+Apple's [[iTunes]] software is used to transfer music to the devices. As a jukebox application, iTunes stores a music library on the user's computer and can play, [[optical disc authoring|burn]], and [[ripping|rip]] music from a CD. It also transfers photos, videos, games, and calendars to those iPod models that support them. Apple focused its development on the iPod's unique [[user interface]] and its ease of use, rather than on technical capability. As of October 2007, the iPod had sold over 119 million units worldwide (stated in "The Beat Goes On" conference) making it the best-selling [[digital audio player]] series in history.
-L’'''iPod''' est un appareil [[électronique]] conçu et commercialisé par [[Apple, Inc. |Apple]]. C'est le lecteur portatif de musique numérique (aussi appelé [[baladeur numérique]] ou abusivement [[baladeur mp3]]) le plus vendu au monde : cent dix-neuf millions d’exemplaires ont été vendus depuis octobre 2001<ref>Benjamin Ferran, ''Une année record pour Apple'', Macgeneration, 22 octobre 2007. [http://www.macgeneration.com/unes/voir/127026/une-annee-record-pour-apple]</ref>. Le père de l'iPod est [[Tony Fadell]], qui avait proposé auparavant son idée à [[Philips]] et [[Real Networks]].+==History and design==
 +iPod came from Apple's digital hub strategy,<ref name=straight>Kahney, Leander. [http://www.wired.com/news/columns/cultofmac/0,71956-0.html Straight Dope on the iPod's Birth], ''[[Wired News]]'', [[2006-10-17]]. Retrieved on [[2006-10-30]].</ref> when the company began creating software for the growing market of digital devices being purchased by consumers. Digital cameras, camcorders and organizers had well-established mainstream markets, but the company found existing digital music players "big and clunky or small and useless" with user interfaces that were "unbelievably awful,"<ref name=straight/> so Apple decided to develop its own. The product was developed in less than a year and unveiled on [[October 23]],[[2001]]. CEO [[Steve Jobs]] announced it as a Mac-compatible product with a 5&nbsp;GB hard drive that put "1,000 songs in your pocket."
-== Fonctionnalités ==+Uncharacteristically, Apple did not develop iPod's software entirely in-house. Apple instead used [[PortalPlayer]]'s reference platform which was based on 2 [[ARM architecture|ARM]] cores. The platform had rudimentary software running on a commercial microkernel embedded operating system. PortalPlayer had previously been working on an IBM-branded MP3 player with [[Bluetooth]] headphones.<ref>Kahney, Leander. [http://www.wired.com/news/mac/0,64286-0.html Inside Look at the Birth of the iPod], ''[[Wired News]]'', [[2004-07-21]]. Retrieved on [[2006-10-30]].</ref> Apple contracted another company, [[Pixo]], to help design and implement the user interface, under the direct supervision of Steve Jobs.<ref name=straight/> Once established, Apple continued to refine the software's look and feel. Starting with [[iPod mini]], the [[Chicago (typeface)|Chicago]] font was replaced with [[Espy Sans]]. Later iPods switched fonts again to [[Podium Sans]] — a font similar to Apple's corporate font [[Myriad (typeface)|Myriad]]. iPods with color displays then adopted some [[Mac OS X]] themes like Aqua progress bars, and [[Brushed Metal (interface)|brushed metal]] in the lock interface. In 2007, Apple modified the iPod interface again with the introduction of the sixth-generation [[iPod classic]] and third-generation [[iPod nano]] by changing the font to [[Helvetica]], and in most cases, splitting the screen in half by displaying the menus on the left and album artwork, photos, or videos on the right (whichever was appropriate for the selected item).
-L'iPod gère les formats numériques suivants : [[MP3]], MP3 VBR, [[Advanced Audio Coding |AAC]], [[Audible]], [[AIFF]], [[WAV]], [[Apple Lossless]]. Il est conçu pour fonctionner de concert avec le logiciel [[iTunes]] sous [[Microsoft Windows |Windows]] et [[Mac OS X]]. Sous [[GNOME]], il est utilisable avec [[gtkpod]] ou [[Banshee (lecteur audio) |Banshee]] et sous [[KDE]] avec [[Amarok (logiciel) |Amarok]]. Son système d'exploitation, [[Pixo]] (édité par [[Sun Microsystems |Sun]])<!--pas par une filiale de SUN ??? --> est un modèle du genre, à la fois en légèreté et en ergonomie. Il tire pleinement parti de la molette placée sur l'iPod. Sur l'iPod 5G (aussi appelé « iPod vidéo »), l'écran à [[cristaux liquides]] fait 2½&nbsp;pouces. Il est plus petit sur les autres versions d'iPod.+===Trademark===
 +The name ''iPod'' was proposed by Vinnie Chieco, a freelance copywriter, who (with others) was called by Apple to figure out how to introduce the new player to the public. After Chieco saw a prototype, he thought of the movie ''[[2001: A Space Odyssey (film)|2001: A Space Odyssey]]'' and the phrase "Open the pod bay door, [[HAL 9000|Hal]]!", which refers to the white [[EVA Pod]]s of the [[Discovery One]] spaceship.<ref name=straight/> Apple researched the trademark and found that it was already in use. Joseph N. Grasso of [[New Jersey]] had originally listed an "iPod" trademark with the [[United States Patent and Trademark Office|U.S. Patent and Trademark Office]] in July 2000 for [[Internet kiosk]]s. The first iPod kiosks had been demonstrated to the public in New Jersey in March 1998, and commercial use began in January 2000. The trademark was registered by the USPTO in November 2003, and Grasso assigned it to Apple Computer, Inc. in 2005.<ref>Serial No. 78018061, Registration No. 2781793, records of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. InPub, LLC, filed an "IPOD" trademark on [[June 1]], [[1999]], for "computer software and hardware." The trademark was abandoned [[May 18]], [[2000]], without commercial use.</ref>
-L'iPod est aussi très utilisé dans sa fonction de [[disque dur]] externe. Lancé avec une capacité de 5&nbsp;Go, le modèle de sixième génération peut désormais contenir jusqu'à 160&nbsp;Go.+==Software==
 +iPod can play [[MP3]], [[Advanced Audio Coding|AAC]]/[[MPEG-4 Part 14|M4A]], [[FairPlay|Protected AAC]], [[AIFF]], [[WAV]], [[Audible.com|Audible]] [[audiobook]], and [[Apple Lossless]] [[audio file format]]s. The iPod photo introduced the ability to display [[JPEG]], [[Windows bitmap|BMP]], [[Graphics Interchange Format|GIF]], [[TIFF]], and [[Portable Network Graphics|PNG]] image file formats. Fifth and sixth generation iPod classics, as well as third generation iPod nanos, can additionally play [[MPEG-4]] ([[H.264/MPEG-4 AVC]]) and [[QuickTime]] [[container format|video formats]], with restrictions on video dimensions, encoding techniques and data-rates. Originally, iPod software only worked with Macs; however, starting with the second generation model, iPod software worked with Windows and Macs. Unlike most other media players, Apple does not support [[Microsoft]]'s [[Windows Media Audio|WMA]] audio format — but a converter for WMA files without [[Digital Rights Management]] (DRM) is provided with the [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]] version of iTunes. [[MIDI]] files also cannot be played, but can be converted to audio files using the "Advanced" menu in iTunes. Alternative open-source audio formats such as [[Ogg Vorbis]] and [[FLAC]] are not supported without installing custom firmware onto the iPod.
-L'iPod est très lié à [[iTunes]] qui permet la gestion des contenus de l'iPod : la musique (si les paroles des morceaux et les pochettes de CD sont stockées dans [[iTunes]], elles sont également synchronisées), les vidéos, les podcasts (Audio/Vidéo) les photos, les livres audio, mais aussi les contact et agenda, peuvent tous être stockés et lus sur l'iPod. Il contient également quelques jeux sommaires, une horloge sur plusieurs fuseaux horaires. Sur les derniers modèles (Nano et 5G), l'achat de la télécommande Apple iPod Radio Remote permet à l'iPod de disposer d'un tuner permettant l'écoute de la radio FM. L'iPod est compatible Mac et PC via une liaison [[Firewire]] (qui n'existe plus sur les derniers modèles) ou [[USB]] 2.+The iPod is associated with one host computer. Each time an iPod connects to its host computer, iTunes can synchronize entire music libraries or music playlists either automatically or manually. Song ratings can be set on the iPod and synchronized later to the iTunes library, and vice versa. If a user wishes to connect the iPod to a second computer, only reformatting the device will allow the iPod to sync with the new computer.
-Cette photographie montre les composants internes d'un iPod de troisième génération :+===User interface===
-{| border="0" align="center"+[[Image:Ipodwheelwiki.svg|thumb|right|The iPod's signature Click Wheel.]]
-|[[Image:ipod-internals.jpg|left|thumb|520px|Composants internes d'un iPod de 3{{e}} génération]]+iPods with color displays use [[anti-aliasing|anti-aliased]] graphics and text, with sliding animations. Classic iPods have five buttons and the later generations have the buttons integrated into the click wheel — an innovation which gives an uncluttered, minimalist [[interface]]. The buttons perform basic functions such as play, next track, etc. Other operations such as scrolling through menu items and controlling the volume are performed by using the click wheel in a rotational manner. iPod shuffle does not have a click wheel and instead has five buttons positioned differently from the larger models. iPod touch uses no buttons for any of these functions, instead relying on the same [[Multi-touch]] input style like the iPhone.
-| valign="top" |+ 
-De gauche à droite :+===iTunes Store===
-* un iPod de 3{{e}} génération intact ;+{{main|iTunes|iTunes Store}}
-* la face avant avec la carte-mère, et dessous l'écran (plus les composants pour la molette tactile) ;+The iTunes Store is an online media store run by Apple and accessed via iTunes. It was introduced on [[April 29]], [[2003]] and it sells individual songs, with typical prices being [[United States dollar|US $]]0.99, [[Australian dollar|AU $]]1.69 (inc. [[Goods and Services Tax (Australia)|GST]]), [[New Zealand dollar|NZ $]]1.79 (inc. [[Goods and Services Tax (New Zealand)|GST]]), [[Euro|€]]0.99 (inc. [[Value added tax#European Union|VAT]]), or [[Pound sterling|£]]0.79 (inc. [[Value added tax#European Union|VAT]]) per song. Since no other portable player supports the [[Digital rights management|DRM]] used, only iPods can play protected content from the iTunes store. The store became the market leader soon after its launch<ref>[http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2004/aug/10itms.html iTunes Music Store Catalog Tops One Million Songs], ''[[Apple Inc.]]'', [[2004-08-10]]. Retrieved on [[2006-12-28]].</ref> and Apple announced the sale of videos through the store on [[October 12]], [[2005]]. Full-length movies became available on [[September 12]] [[2006]].<ref>Scott-Joynt, Jeremy. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/5339470.stm Apple targets TV and film market], ''[[BBC News]]'', [[2006-09-12]]. Retrieved on [[2006-09-12]].</ref>
-* la batterie ;+ 
-* le disque dur 1,8 pouce, entouré d'une matière amortissant les chocs ;+Purchased audio files use the AAC format with added encryption. The encryption is based on the [[FairPlay]] DRM system. Up to five authorized computers and an unlimited number of iPods can play the files. Burning the files onto an audio CD, then re-compressing can create music files without the DRM, although this results in [[generation loss|reduced quality]]. The DRM can also be removed using third-party software. However, in a deal with Apple, [[EMI]] began selling DRM-free, higher-quality songs on the iTunes Stores, in a category called "iTunes Plus." While individual songs were made available at a cost of US$1.29, 30¢ more than the cost of a regular DRM song, entire albums were available for the same price, US$9.99, as DRM encoded albums. On October 17, 2007, Apple lowered the cost of individual iTunes Plus songs to US$.99 per song, the same as DRM encoded tracks.
-* la face arrière.+ 
-|}+iPods cannot play music files from competing music stores that use rival-DRM technologies like [[Microsoft]]'s [[Windows Media DRM|protected WMA]] or [[RealNetworks]]' [[Helix (project)|Helix]] DRM. Example stores include [[Napster]] and [[MSN Music]]. RealNetworks claims that Apple is creating problems for itself<ref>Kanellos, Michael. [http://news.com.com/2100-1025_3-5177914.html Real's Glaser exhorts Apple to open iPod], ''[[CNET|CNet News]]'', [[2004-03-23]]. Retrieved on [[2006-06-20]].</ref> by using FairPlay to lock users into using the iTunes Store. Steve Jobs has stated that Apple makes little profit from song sales, although Apple uses the store to promote iPod sales.<ref>Orlowski, Andrew. [http://www.theregister.co.uk/2003/11/07/your_99c_belong/ Your 99c belong to the RIAA – Steve Jobs], ''[[The Register]]'', [[2003-11-07]]. Retrieved on [[2006-06-20]].</ref> However, iPods can also play music files from online stores that do not use DRM, such as [[eMusic]] or [[Amie Street]].
 + 
 +On [[July 3]], [[2007]], [[Universal Music Group]] decided not to renew their contract with the iTunes music store. Universal will now supply iTunes in an 'at will' capacity.<ref>Evans, Jonny. [http://www.macworld.co.uk/ipod-itunes/news/index.cfm?newsid=18459 Universal confirms iTunes contract change], ''[[Macworld UK]]'', [[2007-07-04]]. Retrieved on [[2007-07-05]].</ref>
 + 
 +On [[September 5]], [[2007]], at Apple's Media Event entitled "The Beat Goes On...", the company debuted the [[iTunes]] [[Wi-Fi]] Music Store which allows one to access the Music Store from either iPhone or the new WiFi-enabled iPod Touch and download songs directly to the device. When you next sync the device with iTunes, any purchased music is copied onto your iTunes Library.
 + 
 +===File storage and transfer===
 +All iPods can function as [[USB mass storage device class|mass storage devices]] to store data files. If the iPod is formatted on a Mac OS X computer it uses the [[HFS Plus|HFS+]] file system format, which allows it to serve as a [[boot disk]] for a Mac computer.<ref>http://lifehacker.com/software/how-to/boot-up-your-mac-from-your-ipod-260157.php</ref> If it is formatted on Windows, the [[File Allocation Table#FAT32|FAT32]] format is used. With the advent of the Windows-compatible iPod, iPod's default file system switched from HFS+ to FAT32, although it can be reformatted to either filesystem (excluding the iPod shuffle which is strictly FAT32). Generally, if a new iPod (excluding the iPod shuffle) is initially plugged into a computer running Windows, it will be formatted with FAT32, and if initially plugged into a Mac running Mac OS X it will be formatted with HFS+.
 + 
 +Unlike many other MP3 players, simply copying audio or video files to the drive with a typical file management application will not allow iPod to properly access them. The user must use software that has been specifically designed to transfer media files to iPods, so that the files are playable and viewable. Aside from iTunes, several alternative third-party applications are available on a number of different platforms.
 + 
 +iTunes 7 and above can transfer purchased media of the iTunes Store from an iPod to a computer, provided that the DRM media is transferred to any of the five computers allowed for authorization with DRM media.
 + 
 +Media files are stored on the iPod in a hidden folder, together with a proprietary database file. The hidden content can be accessed on the host operating system by enabling hidden files to be shown. The audio can then be recovered manually by dragging the files or folders onto the iTunes Library or by using third-party software.
 + 
 +===Equalizer===
 +If the sound is enhanced with the iPod's software [[audio filter|equalizer]] (EQ), some EQ settings — like R&B, Rock, Acoustic,indie, and Bass Booster — can cause bass distortion too easily.<ref>Kuzmanoski, Brian. [http://www.dapreview.net/content.php?article.133 Analysis of the iPod's equalizer], ''DAP review''. Retrieved on [[2007-02-17]].</ref><ref>[http://www.macintouch.com/ipod14.html MacInTouch reader report of iPod sound distortion], ''MacInTouch'', July 2002. Retrieved on [[2007-02-17]].</ref> The equalizer amplifies the digital audio level beyond the software's limit, causing distortion ([[clipping (audio)|clipping]]) on songs that have a bass drum or use a bassy instrument, even when the amplifier level is low. One possible workaround is to reduce the volume level of the songs by modifying the audio files.
 + 
 +==Hardware==
 +===Chipsets and electronics===
 +'''Microcontroller'''
 +* iPod first to third generations — Two [[ARM architecture|ARM]] 7TDMI-derived [[central processing unit|CPUs]] running at 90&nbsp;MHz.
 +* iPod fourth and fifth generations, iPod mini, iPod nano first generation — Variable-speed ARM 7TDMI CPUs, running at a peak of 80&nbsp;MHz to save battery life.
 +* iPod nano second generation — Samsung System-On-Chip, based around an ARM processor.<ref>Cassell, Jonathan. [http://www.isuppli.com/marketwatch/default.asp?id=360 Apple Delivers More For Less With New iPod Nano], iSuppli Corporation, [[2006-09-20]]. Retrieved on [[2006-10-21]].</ref>
 +* iPod shuffle first generation — [[SigmaTel]] STMP3550 chip that handles both the music decoding and the audio circuitry.<ref>Williams, Martyn. [http://www.pcworld.com/article/119799-1/article.html How Much Should an IPod Shuffle Cost?], ''[[PC World]]'', [[2005-02-24]]. Retrieved on [[2006-08-14]].</ref>
 +'''Audio chip'''
 +* All iPods (except the shuffle and 6G) use [[Codec|audio codecs]] developed by [[Wolfson Microelectronics]].
 +* Sixth generation iPods use a [[Cirrus Logic]] audio codec chip.
 +'''Storage medium'''
 +* iPod first to fifth generation — 45.7 mm (1.8 in) hard drives (ATA-6, 4200&nbsp;rpm with proprietary connectors) made by [[Toshiba]]
 +* iPod mini — 25.4 mm (1 in) [[Microdrive]]s manufactured by [[Hitachi, Ltd.|Hitachi]] and [[Seagate]]
 +* iPod nano — Flash memory from [[Samsung]], Toshiba, and others.
 +* iPod shuffle — Flash memory
 +'''Batteries'''
 +* iPod first and second generation, nano, shuffle — Internal [[lithium polymer]] batteries
 +* iPod third to fifth generation — Internal [[lithium-ion battery|lithium-ion batteries]]
 + 
 +===Connectivity===
 +[[Image:IPod Chargers.JPG|thumb|right|Two iPod wall chargers, with FireWire (left) and USB (right) connectors, which allow iPods to charge without a computer.]]Originally, a [[FireWire]] connection to the host computer was used to update songs or recharge the [[battery (electricity)|battery]]. The battery could also be charged with a power adapter that was included with the first four generations. The third generation began including a [[dock connector]], allowing for FireWire or USB connectivity. This provided better compatibility with PCs, as most of them did not have FireWire ports at the time. The dock connector also brought opportunities to exchange data, sound and power with an iPod, which ultimately created a large market of accessories, manufactured by third parties such as [[Belkin]] and [[Griffin Technology|Griffin]]. The second generation iPod shuffle uses a single 3.5&nbsp;mm jack which acts as both a headphone jack and a data port for the dock.
 + 
 +Eventually Apple began shipping iPods with USB cables instead of FireWire, although the latter was available separately. As of the first generation iPod nano and the fifth generation iPod classic, Apple discontinued using FireWire for data transfer and made a full transition to [[USB 2.0]] in an attempt to reduce cost and form factor. With these changes, FireWire could only be used for recharging.
 + 
 +=====iPod Dock Connector=====
 +Introduced in the third-generation iPod, the iPod's 30-pin Dock Connector allows iPods to be connected to a variety of accessories, which can range from televisions to speaker systems. Some peripherals utilize their own interface, while others use the iPod's own screen for access. Such accessories may be used for music, video, and photo playback. Because the Dock Connector is a proprietary interface, the implementation of the interface requires paying royalties to Apple.<ref>[http://www2.panasonic.com/consumer-electronics/shop/Video/DVD-Recorders-Players/DVD-Home-Theater-Systems/model.SC-PT1050.S_11002_7000000000000005702 Panasonic HTS with iPod Docking]</ref><ref>[http://www.ca.lge.com/en/products/model/detail/hometheatre_lhe922pb.jhtml LG HTS with iPod Dock]</ref>
 + 
 +===Accessories===
 +Many accessories have been made for the iPod. A large amount are made by third party companies, although many, such as [[iPod Hi-Fi]], are made by Apple. This market is sometimes described as the iPod ecosystem.<ref>Darlin, Damon. [http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/03/technology/03ipod.html?ex=1296622800&en=91f4e87dd848693f&ei=5088 The iPod Ecosystem]. ''[[New York Times]]'', [[2006-02-03]]. Retrieved on [[2006-08-14]].</ref> Some accessories add extra features that other music players have, such as sound recorders, FM radio tuners, wired remote controls, and audio/visual cables for TV connections. Other accessories offer unique features like the [[Nike+iPod]] pedometer and the iPod Camera Connector. Other notable accessories include external speakers, wireless remote controls, protective cases/films and wireless earphones.<ref>[http://www.etymotic.com/ephp/er88.aspx In-The-Ear Bluetooth Earphones]. Retrieved on [[2007-02-17]].</ref> Among the first accessory manufacturers were [[Griffin Technology]], [[Belkin]], [[JBL]], [[Bose Corporation|Bose]], [[Monster Cable]], and [[SendStation Systems|SendStation]].
-{{Clr}}+[[Image:IPod Earbuds.JPG|thumb|Two designs of iPod earbuds. The current version is shown on the right.]]The white [[Headphones#Earbuds/Earphones|earphones]] (or "earbuds") that ship with all iPods have become symbolic of the brand. [[iPod advertising|Advertisements]] feature them prominently, often contrasting the white earphones (and cords) with people shown as dark [[silhouette]]s. The original earphones came with the first generation iPod. They were revised to be smaller after Apple received complaints of the earbuds being too large. The revised earphones were shipped with second through early fifth generation iPods, the iPod mini, and the first generation nanos. The earbuds were revised again in 2006, featuring an even smaller and more streamlined design. This third type was shipped with late fifth generation iPods and the second generation nanos. All first generation iPod shuffles and the second generation up until [[January 30]] [[2007]] (when color models were introduced) had the second kind; those that shipped after that date had the third kind.
-Il faut noter que contrairement à certaines rumeurs, tout iPod est démontable, ce qui offre donc possibilité de changer soi-même la batterie ou un autre composant.+In 2005, New York's [[Metropolitan Transportation Authority (New York)|Metropolitan Transportation Authority]] placed advertisements on the subways warning passengers that "Earphones are a giveaway. Protect your device",<ref>Dianner. [http://flickr.com/photos/65441232@N00/27561488/ Earphones are a giveaway], ''[[Flickr]]'', [[2005-07-21]]. Retrieved on [[2007-02-11]].</ref> after iPod thefts on the subway rose from zero in 2004 to 50 in the first three months of 2005.<ref>MacMillan, Robert. [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/04/28/AR2005042800461.html Somebody Out There Wants Your iPod], ''[[Washington Post]]'', [[2005-04-28]]. Retrieved on [[2007-02-11]].</ref>
-== Principales évolutions des modèles d’iPod ==+[[BMW]] released the first iPod automobile interface,<ref>[http://www.ipodyourbmw.com/ iPod Your BMW]. Retrieved on [[2007-02-17]].</ref> allowing drivers of newer BMW vehicles to control their iPod using either the built-in steering wheel controls or the radio head-unit buttons. Apple announced in 2005 that similar systems would be available for other vehicle brands, including [[Mercedes-Benz]],<ref>[http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2005/jan/11mercedes.html Apple & Mercedes-Benz Unveil iPod Integration Kit], ''[[Apple Inc.]]'', [[2005-01-11]]. Retrieved on [[2006-06-20]].</ref> [[Volvo]],<ref>[http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2005/jan/11volvo.html Apple & Volvo Announce iPod Connectivity For Entire 2005 US Model Line], ''[[Apple Inc.]]'', [[2005-01-11]]. Retrieved on [[2006-06-20]].</ref> [[Nissan]], [[Alfa Romeo]], [[Ferrari]],<ref>[http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2005/jan/11cars.html Apple & Leading Car Companies Team Up to Deliver iPod Integration in 2005], ''[[Apple Inc.]]'', [[2005-01-11]]. Retrieved on [[2006-06-20]].</ref> [[Acura]], [[Audi]], [[Honda]],<ref>[http://automobiles.honda.com/models/audio_accessories.asp?ModelName=Accord%20Coupe&PHOTO=0 Honda Music Link for iPods], ''[[Honda]]''. Retrieved on [[2007-02-17]].</ref> [[Renault]] and [[Volkswagen]].<ref>[http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2005/sep/07ipod_auto.html Apple Teams Up With Acura, Audi, Honda & Volkswagen to Deliver Seamless iPod Experience], ''[[Apple Inc.]]'', [[2005-09-07]]. Retrieved on [[2006-06-20]].</ref> [[Scion (car)|Scion]] offers standard iPod connectivity on all their cars.
 + 
 +Some independent stereo manufacturers including [[JVC]], [[Pioneer Corporation|Pioneer]], [[Kenwood Electronics|Kenwood]], [[Alpine Electronics|Alpine]], [[Sony]], and [[Harman Kardon]] also have iPod-specific integration solutions. Alternative connection methods include adaptor kits (that use the cassette deck or the CD changer port), audio input jacks, and FM transmitters such as the [[iTrip]] — although personal FM transmitters are illegal in some countries. Many car manufacturers have added audio input jacks as standard.<ref>[http://www.apple.com/ipod/carintegration.html Car Integration: iPod your car], ''[[Apple Inc.]]''. Retrieved on [[2007-02-17]].</ref>
 + 
 +Beginning in mid-2007, four major airlines, [[United Airlines|United]], [[Continental Airlines|Continental]], [[Delta Air Lines|Delta]], and [[Emirates Airline|Emirates]] reached agreements to install iPod seat connections. The free service will allow passengers to power and charge their iPod, and view their video and music libraries on individual seat-back displays.<ref>[http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2006/nov/14ipod.html Apple Teams Up With Continental, Delta, Emirates, & United to deliver iPod Integration], ''[[Apple Inc.]]'', [[2006-11-14]]. Retrieved on [[2006-12-07]].</ref> Originally [[KLM]] and [[Air France]] were reported to be part of the deal with Apple, but they later released statements explaining that they were only contemplating the possibility of incorporating such systems.<ref>Marsal, Katie. [http://www.appleinsider.com/article.php?id=2240 Two of six airlines say there's no ink on iPod deal], ''AppleInsider'', [[2006-11-15]]. Retrieved on [[2006-12-07]].</ref>
 + 
 +===Battery issues===
 +The advertised battery life on most models is different from the real-world achievable life. For example, the fifth generation 30&nbsp;GB iPod is advertised as having up to 14 hours of music playback. An MP3.com report stated that this was virtually unachievable under real-life usage conditions, with a writer for MP3.com getting on average less than 8 hours from his or her iPod.<ref>[http://www.mp3.com/features/stories/3646.html MP3 Insider: The truth about your battery life], ''mp3.com'', [[2006-03-13]]. Retrieved on [[2006-07-10]].</ref> In 2003, class action lawsuits were brought against Apple complaining that the battery charges lasted for shorter lengths of time than stated and that the battery degraded over time.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/3477497.stm Apple investigates iPod batteries], ''[[BBC News]]'', [[2004-02-10]]. Retrieved on [[2007-03-20]].</ref> The lawsuits were settled by offering individuals either US$50 store credit or a free battery replacement.<ref>Horwitz, Jeremy. [http://www.ilounge.com/index.php/articles/comments/apples-ipod-battery-settlement-explained/ Apple’s iPod Battery Settlement, Explained], ''iLounge'', [[2005-06-10]]. Retrieved on [[2006-08-27]].</ref>
 + 
 +iPod batteries are not designed to be removed or replaced by the user, although some users have been able to open the case themselves, usually following instructions from third-party vendors of iPod replacement batteries. Compounding the problem, Apple initially would not replace worn-out batteries. The official policy was that the customer should buy a refurbished replacement iPod, at a cost almost equivalent to a brand new one. All lithium-ion batteries eventually lose capacity during their lifetime<ref>[http://www.mp3newswire.net/stories/6002/li_ion.html The Curse of Lithium Ion Batteries], ''[[MP3 Newswire]]'', [[2006-01-06]]. Retrieved on [[2006-11-30]].</ref> (guidelines are available for [[lithium-ion battery#Guidelines for prolonging Li-ion battery life|prolonging life-span]]) and this situation led to a small market for third-party battery replacement kits.
 + 
 +Apple announced a battery replacement program on [[November 14]], [[2003]], a week before<ref>[http://ipodbatteryfaq.com/#18 iPod Battery FAQ]. Retrieved on [[2006-11-26]].</ref> a high publicity stunt and website by the [[Neistat Brothers]].<ref>Neistat, Casey. [http://www.ipodsdirtysecret.com/message.html A Message From the Neistat Brothers], [[2003-11-20]]. Retrieved on [[2007-02-17]].</ref> The initial cost was US$99,<ref>[http://www.macminute.com/2003/11/14/ipodbattery Apple offers iPod battery replacement service], ''[[MacMinute]]'', [[2003-11-14]]. Retrieved on [[2006-11-26]].</ref> and it was lowered to US$59 in 2005. One week later, Apple offered an extended iPod warranty for US$59.<ref>[http://www.macminute.com/2003/11/21/ipodapplecare/ AppleCare for iPod now available], ''[[MacMinute]]'', [[2003-11-21]]. Retrieved on [[2006-11-26]].</ref> For the iPod nano, [[soldering]] tools are needed because the battery is soldered onto the main board. Fifth generation iPods have their battery attached to the backplate with adhesive.<ref>Ecker, Clint. [http://arstechnica.com/reviews/hardware/video-ipod.ars/6 Vivisection of the Video iPod], ''[[Ars Technica]]'', [[2005-10-19]]. Retrieved on [[2006-11-26]].</ref><ref>[http://www.ipodmods.com/guides/Video/videodisassemblyguide.htm Disassemble Guide for Video iPod]. Retrieved on [[2006-11-26]].</ref>
 + 
 +===Bass response===
 +The third generation iPod had a weak bass response, as shown in audio tests.<ref>Machrone, Bill. [http://home.comcast.net./~machrone/playertest/playertest.htm iPod audio measurements], ''[[PC Magazine]]''. Retrieved on [[2007-02-17]].</ref><ref>Heijligers, Marc. [http://members.chello.nl/~m.heijligers/ipod/Performance/measurements.html iPod audio measurements]. Retrieved on [[2007-02-17]].</ref> The combination of the undersized DC-blocking [[capacitor]]s and the typical low-[[Electrical impedance|impedance]] of most consumer headphones form a [[high-pass filter]], which attenuates the low-frequency bass output. Similar capacitors were used in the fourth generation iPods.<ref>Heijligers, Marc. [http://homepage.mac.com/marc.heijligers/audio/ipod/engineering/engineering.html iPod circuit design engineering], May 2006. Retrieved on [[2007-02-17]].</ref> The problem is reduced when using high-impedance headphones and is completely masked when driving high-impedance (line level) loads, such as an external [[headphone amplifier]]. The first generation iPod shuffle uses a [[Bridged_and_paralleled_amplifiers#Bridged_amplifier|dual-transistor output stage]]{{Fact|date=November 2007}} rather than a single capacitor-coupled output, and does not exhibit reduced bass response for any load.
 + 
 +==Models==
 +The iPod has been upgraded many times, and each significant revision is called a "[[generation]]". Only the most recent (highest numbered) generation and refurbished units of previous generations of the iPod is available from Apple for each model (classic, nano, shuffle, touch). Each new generation usually has more features and refinements while typically being physically smaller and lighter than its predecessor, while usually (but not always) retaining the older model's price tag. Notable changes include the touch-sensitive click wheel replacing the mechanical scroll wheel, use of color displays, and [[flash memory]] replacing [[hard disk]]s.
{| class="wikitable" {| class="wikitable"
|- |-
-!Modèle+!Model
-!Génération+!Generation
!Image !Image
-!Capacité+!Capacity
-!style="width:60%"|Changements réalisés+!Connection
-!Connexion+!Original release date
-!Date de sortie+!Minimum OS to sync<!-- This area is SIMPLY for MINIMUM operating systems required, not a full list of compatible ones.-->
-!Prix de lancement ([[United States dollar|US$]])+!colspan=2|Rated battery life <small>(hours)</small><!--This is taken from Apple's websites specifications, based on a brand new battery. Assumed fully charged battery.-->
|- |-
-!rowspan="7"|[[iPod classic]]+!rowspan="15"|[[iPod classic|classic]]
-!première+!rowspan="2"|first
-|align="center"|[[Image:IPod_1G.jpg|45px|Première génération d'iPod]]+|rowspan="2" align="center"|[[Image:Ipod 1G.png|45px|first generation iPod]]
-|5 et 10&nbsp;GB+|5, 10&nbsp;GB
-|Premier modèle, avec une roulette de défilement mécanique.+
|[[FireWire]] |[[FireWire]]
-|{{Date | 23 | octobre | 2001}}+|[[23 October]] [[2001]]
-|$399, $499+|<small>Mac:&nbsp;[[Mac OS 9|9]],&nbsp;[[Mac OS X v10.1|10.1]]</small>
 +|colspan=2|''audio'':&nbsp;10
|- |-
-!deuxième+|colspan="8"|First model, with mechanical scroll wheel. 10&nbsp;GB model released later.
-|align="center"|[[Image:IPod_2G.jpg|45px|Seconde génération d'iPod]]+|-
-|10 et 20&nbsp;GB+!rowspan="2"|second
-|Roue [[Touchpad|tactile]]. Le port FireWire est doté d’un bouchon, le bouton ''hold'' est revu, et la compatibilité Windows est apportée via le logiciel [[Musicmatch Jukebox|Musicmatch]].+|rowspan="2" align="center"|[[Image:Ipod_2G.png|45px|A second generation iPod (2002)]]
 +|10, 20&nbsp;GB
|FireWire |FireWire
-|{{Date | 17 | juillet | 2002}}+|[[17 July]] [[2002]]
-|$399, $499+|<small>Mac:&nbsp;[[Mac OS X v10.1|10.1]]<br />Win:&nbsp;[[Windows 2000|2000]]</small>
 +|colspan=2|''audio'':&nbsp;10
 +|-
 +|colspan="8"|[[Touchpad|Touch-sensitive]] wheel. [[FireWire]] port had a cover. Hold switch revised. Windows compatibility through [[Musicmatch Jukebox|Musicmatch]].
|- |-
-!troisième+!rowspan="2"|third
-|align="center"|[[Image:Ipod backlight transparent.png|45px|Troisième génération d'iPod]]+|rowspan="2" align="center"|[[Image:Ipod backlight transparent.png|45px|third generation iPod]]
|10, 15, 20, 30, 40&nbsp;GB |10, 15, 20, 30, 40&nbsp;GB
-| Les boutons sont rassemblés en une ligne au centre de la face avant, et sont désormais tactiles et rétroéclairés. Le port Dock Connector remplace le port FireWire. Les iPods sont compatibles avec Windows avec la version 4.7 d’iTunes.+|FireWire <small>([[USB]] for syncing only)</small>
-|FireWire <small>([[USB]] pour synchro uniquement)</small>+|[[28 April]] [[2003]]
-|{{Date | 28 | avril |2003}}+|<small>Mac:&nbsp;[[Mac OS X v10.1|10.1]]<br />Win:&nbsp;[[Windows 2000|2000]]</small>
-|$299, $399, $499+|colspan=2|''audio'':&nbsp;8
|- |-
-!quatrième+|colspan="8"|First complete redesign with all-touch interface, dock connector, and slimmer case. Musicmatch support dropped with later release of iTunes 4.1 for Windows.
-|align="center"|[[Image:IPod placeholder.svg|45px|Quatrième génération d'iPod]] +
-|20, 30, 40, 60&nbsp;GB+
-| Les boutons sont intégrés à la roue.+
-|FireWire ou [[USB]]+
-|{{Date | 19 | juillet | 2004}}+
-|$299, $399+
|- |-
-!quatrième ([[iPod photo |Photo]])+!rowspan="5"|fourth<br>([[iPod photo|photo]]) ([[iPod classic#iPod (with color display)|color]])
-|align="center"|[[Image:IPodphoto4G 1.png|45px|Quatrième génération d'iPod]] +|rowspan="2" align="center"|[[Image:IPod4G.jpg|45px|fourth generation iPod]]
-|20, 30, 40, 60&nbsp;GB+|20, 40&nbsp;GB
-| L’écran affiche les couleurs et permet de regarder des photos ou les jaquettes des albums. Il remplace l’iPod noir & blanc et garde son nom de ''Photo'' jusqu’en juin 2005.+|FireWire or [[USB]]
-|FireWire ou [[USB]]+|[[19 July]] [[2004]]
-|[[octobre]] [[2004]]+|<small>Mac:&nbsp;[[Mac OS X v10.2|10.2]]<br />Win:&nbsp;[[Windows 2000|2000]]</small>
-|$349, $449, $499, $599+|colspan=2|''audio'':&nbsp;12
|- |-
-!cinquième (video)+|colspan="8"|Adopted Click Wheel from iPod mini.
-|align="center"|[[Image:Ipod 5th Generation white rotated.png|45px|Cinquième génération d'iPod]]+|-
 +|rowspan="3" align="center"|[[Image:IPodphoto4G 1.png|45px|fourth generation iPod]]
 +|'''photo''':<br>30, 40, 60&nbsp;GB
 +|rowspan=2|FireWire or USB
 +|[[26 October]], [[2004]]
 +|rowspan=2|<small>Mac:&nbsp;[[Mac OS X v10.2|10.2]]<br />Win:&nbsp;[[Windows 2000|2000]]</small>
 +|colspan=2; rowspan=2|''audio'':&nbsp;15<br />''slideshow'':&nbsp;5
 +|-
 +|'''color''':<br>20, 60&nbsp;GB
 +|[[28 June]], [[2005]]
 +|-
 +|colspan="8"|Premium spin-off of 4G iPod with color screen and picture viewing. ''Later re-integrated into main iPod line.''
 +|-
 +!rowspan="2"|fifth
 +|rowspan="2" align="center"|[[Image:Ipod 5th Generation white rotated.png|45px|fifth generation iPod]]
|30, 60, 80&nbsp;GB |30, 60, 80&nbsp;GB
-| L’iPod est aminci, son écran agrandi, et il joue des vidéos.+|USB <small>([[FireWire]] for charging only)</small>
-|USB <small>(FireWire pour charge uniquement)</small>+|[[12 October]] [[2005]]
-|{{Date | 12 | octobre | 2005}}+|<small>Mac:&nbsp;[[Mac OS X v10.3|10.3]]<br />Win:&nbsp;[[Windows 2000|2000]]</small>
-|$299, $399 <span style="color:#969696">(ensuite $249, $349)</span>+|'''30&nbsp;GB'''<br />''audio'':&nbsp;14<br />''video'':&nbsp;2<br /><span style="color:#969696">(later&nbsp;3.5)</span>
 +|'''60/80&nbsp;GB'''<br />''audio'':&nbsp;20<br />''video'':&nbsp;3/6.5
|- |-
-!sixième+|colspan="8"|Second full redesign with a slimmer case, and larger screen with video playback. Offered in black or white.
-|align="center"|[[Image:IPod classic cropped.png|45px|Sixième génération d'iPod]]+|-
 +!rowspan="2"|sixth
 +|rowspan="2" align="center"|[[Image:IPod classic cropped.png|45px|sixth generation iPod]]
|80, 160&nbsp;GB |80, 160&nbsp;GB
-| Nouvelle interface et façade en aluminium anodisé. L’argent remplace le blanc. Apparition du suffixe ''classic''.+|USB <small>(FireWire for charging only)</small>
-|USB <small>(FireWire pour charge uniquement)</small>+|[[5 September]] [[2007]]
-|{{Date | 5 | septembre | 2007}}+|<small>Mac:&nbsp;[[Mac OS X v10.4|10.4]] Win:&nbsp;[[Windows XP|XP]]</small>
-|$249, $349+|'''80&nbsp;GB'''<br />''audio'':&nbsp;30<br />''video'':&nbsp;5
 +|'''160&nbsp;GB'''<br />''audio'':&nbsp;40<br />''video'':&nbsp;7
|- |-
-!rowspan="2"|[[iPod mini]]+|colspan="8"|Introduced the "classic" suffix. New interface and anodized aluminum front plate. Silver replaces white.
-!première+|-
-|align="center" rowspan="2"|[[Image:Ipod mini 2gen silber clean.jpg|45px|Première génération d'iPod Mini]]+!rowspan="4"|[[iPod mini|mini]]<br /><small>(replaced by [[iPod nano|nano]])</small>
 +!rowspan="2"|first
 +|rowspan="2" align="center"|[[Image:Green ipodmini 1stgen.jpg|45px|first generation iPod mini]]
|4&nbsp;GB |4&nbsp;GB
-|Nouveau modèle, disponible en cinq couleurs. Introduit la ''click wheel'', adoptée plus tard par l’iPod quatrième génération. Autonomie de lecture jusqu'à 8h.+|USB or FireWire
-|USB ou FireWire+|[[6 January]] [[2004]]
-|{{Date | 6 | janvier | 2004}}+|<small>Mac:&nbsp;[[Mac OS X v10.1|10.1]]<br />Win:&nbsp;[[Windows 2000|2000]]</small>
-|$249+|colspan=2|''audio'':&nbsp;8
|- |-
-!deuxième+|colspan="8"|New smaller model, available in 5 colors. Introduced the "Click Wheel".
 +|-
 +!rowspan="2"|second
 +|rowspan="2" align="center"|[[Image:Green ipodmini 2ndgen.jpg|45px|second generation iPod mini]]
|4, 6&nbsp;GB |4, 6&nbsp;GB
-| Coque aux couleurs brillantes. La typographie de la ''Click Wheel'' est de la couleur de l’iPod. Disparition de l’iPod doré. Autonomie de lecture jusqu'à 18h.+|USB or FireWire
-|USB ou FireWire+|[[22 February]] [[2005]]
-|{{Date | 22 | février | 2005}}+|<small>Mac:&nbsp;[[Mac OS X v10.2|10.2]]<br />Win:&nbsp;[[Windows 2000|2000]]</small>
-|$199, $249+|colspan=2|''audio'':&nbsp;18
 +|-
 +|colspan="8"|Brighter color variants with longer battery life. Click Wheel lettering matched body color. Gold color discontinued. ''Later replaced by iPod nano.''
|- |-
-!rowspan="3"|[[iPod nano]]+!rowspan="6"|[[iPod nano|nano]]
-!première+!rowspan="2"|first
-|align="center"|[[Image:IPod Nano in its Dock.png|40px|Première génération d'iPod nano]]+|rowspan="2" align="center"|[[Image:IPod Nano in its Dock.png|40px|first generation iPod nano]]
|1, 2, 4&nbsp;GB |1, 2, 4&nbsp;GB
-|Remplace l’iPod Mini. Disponible en noir ou blanc, utilise de la mémoire flash et écran couleur rétro-éclairé. Autonomie de lecture jusqu'à 14h.+|USB <small>(FireWire for charging only)</small>
-|USB <small>(FireWire pour charge uniquement)</small>+|[[7 September]] [[2005]]
-|{{Date | 7 | septembre | 2005}}+|<small>Mac:&nbsp;[[Mac OS X v10.3|10.3]]<br />Win:&nbsp;[[Windows 2000|2000]]</small>
-|109€ ,159€ ,209€ +|colspan=2|''audio'':&nbsp;14<br />''slideshow'':&nbsp;4
|- |-
-!deuxième+|colspan="8"|''Replaced [[iPod mini|mini]].'' Available in black or white and used flash memory. Color screen for picture viewing. 1&nbsp;GB version released later.
-|align="center"|[[Image:Blue iPod Nano.jpg|40px|iPod nano bleu, 4&nbsp;GB]]+|-
 +!rowspan="2"|second
 +|rowspan="2" align="center"|[[Image:Blue iPod Nano.jpg|40px|4&nbsp;GB blue iPod nano]]
|2, 4, 8&nbsp;GB |2, 4, 8&nbsp;GB
-|Coque en aluminium anodisé et disponible en six couleurs. Autonomie de lecture jusqu'à 24h, mémoire tampon portée à 256 Ko et écran plus lumineux.+|USB <small>(FireWire for charging only)</small>
-|USB <small>(FireWire pour charge uniquement)</small>+|[[12 September]] [[2006]]
-|{{Date | 12 | septembre | 2006}}+|<small>Mac:&nbsp;[[Mac OS X v10.3|10.3]]<br />Win:&nbsp;[[Windows 2000|2000]]</small>
-|159€, 209€, 239€+|colspan=2|''audio'':&nbsp;24<br />''slideshow'':&nbsp;5
|- |-
-!troisième+|colspan="8"|Anodized aluminum casing and 6 colors available.
-|align="center"|[[Image:3G iPod nano UI.jpg|40px|Ipod Nano Vert, 8&nbsp;GB]]+
-| 4, 8&nbsp;GB+
-|Écran 2" [[QVGA]], lecture des vidéos, nouvelle interface similaire au iPod classic.+
-|USB <small>(FireWire pour charge uniquement)</small>+
-|{{Date | 5 | septembre | 2007}}+
-|159€, 209€+
|- |-
-!rowspan="2"|[[iPod shuffle]]+!rowspan="2"|third
-!première+|rowspan="2" align="center"|[[Image:IPod nano 3g black.jpg|45px|4&nbsp;GB third generation iPod nano]]
-|align="center"|[[Image:Ipod Shuffle rotated transparent.png|30px|Première génération d'iPod shuffle]]+|4, 8&nbsp;GB
 +|USB <small>(FireWire for charging only)</small>
 +|[[5 September]] [[2007]]
 +|<small>Mac:&nbsp;[[Mac OS X v10.4|10.4]]<br />Win:&nbsp;[[Windows XP|XP]]</small>
 +|colspan=2|''audio'':&nbsp;24<br />''video'':&nbsp;5
 +|-
 +|colspan="8"|2" [[QVGA]] screen, colors refreshed with chrome back, new interface, video capability.
 +|-
 +!rowspan="4"|[[iPod shuffle|shuffle]]
 +!rowspan="2"|first
 +|rowspan="2" align="center"|[[Image:Ipod Shuffle rotated transparent.png|30px|first generation iPod shuffle]]
|512&nbsp;MB, 1&nbsp;GB |512&nbsp;MB, 1&nbsp;GB
-|Modèle d'entrée de gamme. Utilise de la mémoire flash+|USB<br /><small>(no adaptor required)</small>
-|USB+|[[11 January]] [[2005]]
-|{{Date | 11 | janvier | 2005}}+|<small>Mac:&nbsp;[[Mac OS X v10.2|10.2]]<br />Win:&nbsp;[[Windows 2000|2000]]</small>
-|$99, $149 <span style="color:#969696">(ensuite $69, $99)</span>+|colspan=2|''audio'':&nbsp;12
 +|-
 +|colspan="8"|New entry-level model. Uses flash memory and has no screen.
|- |-
-!deuxième+!rowspan="2"|second
-|align="center"|[[Image:IPod Shuffle Crop.jpg|45px|Seconde génération d'iPod shuffle]]+|rowspan="2" align="center"|[[Image:IPod Shuffle Crop.jpg|45px|second generation iPod shuffle]]
|1&nbsp;GB |1&nbsp;GB
-|''Design'' petit clip avec une coque en aluminium anodisé. Option de quatre couleurs disponible ultérieurement, puis remplacée par une option de quatre nouvelles couleurs.+|USB
-|USB (via dock uniquement)+|[[12 September]] [[2006]]
-|{{Date | 12 | septembre | 2006}}+|<small>Mac:&nbsp;[[Mac OS X v10.3|10.3]]<br />Win:&nbsp;[[Windows 2000|2000]]</small>
-|79€+|colspan=2|''audio'':&nbsp;12
|- |-
-!rowspan="1"|[[iPod touch]]+|colspan="8"|Smaller clip design with anodized aluminum casing. 4 color options added later. Colors were later refreshed.
-!première+
-|align="center"|[[Image:IPod_touch.png|45px|iPod touch]]+
-|8 ou 16&nbsp;GB+
-|Le premier iPod intégrant une surface tactile de 3,5 pouces comme l'[[iPhone]], avec le navigateur Internet Safari (connexion par Wi-Fi), la boutique iTunes, une interface YouTube, Cover Flow...+
-|USB <small>(FireWire pour charge uniquement)</small>+
-|{{Date | 28 | septembre | 2007}}+
-|309€ ou 409€+
|- |-
-|}+!rowspan="2"|[[iPod touch|touch]]
- +!rowspan="2"|first
-== Les éditions spéciales ==+|rowspan="2" align="center"|[[Image:IPod touch no BG.png|45px|iPod touch]]
- +|8, 16&nbsp;GB
-Des iPod ''série spéciale'' ont été parfois proposés par la firme (des iPod classic dont le dos portait la signature gravée de différents artistes [[No Doubt]], [[Madonna]], [[Beck Hansen |Beck]], [[Tony Hawk]], Visionary pour [[Michael Jackson]]). Mais fin [[2004]], pour la première fois, Apple a conçu une édition spéciale à grande échelle : l'iPod [[U2 (groupe) |U2]] (rouge et noir en façade, gravé au dos des signatures des quatre membres du groupe). L'iPod version U2 dispose désormais d'un écran couleur, à l'instar de tous les iPod classic. Cette édition spéciale disparaît en octobre 2005.+|USB <small>(FireWire for charging only)</small>
- +|[[5 September]] [[2007]]
-Un [[clone (matériel informatique) |clone]] a été proposé par [[Hewlett-Packard |HP]] : fabriqué dans les usines d'Apple, il avait une livrée différente (logo HP au dos en plus de celui d'Apple et une documentation différente). Les modèles iPod mini et iPod shuffle existaient aussi en version HP. Leur commercialisation a cessé en septembre 2005. Les iPod HP atteignaient 8&nbsp;% des iPod vendus à la mi-2005.+|<small>Mac:&nbsp;[[Mac OS X v10.4|10.4]]<br />Win:&nbsp;[[Windows XP|XP]]</small>
- +|colspan=2|''audio'':&nbsp;22<br />''video'':&nbsp;5
-En octobre [[2005]], Apple remet au goût du jour les éditions spéciales d'iPod avec des baladeurs estampillés du logo [[Harry Potter]] et vendus avec à l'intérieur les livres audio des six [[Harry Potter]] sortis jusque là.+
- +
-L'iPod de 5{{e}} génération (dit « vidéo ») était disponible en version [[U2 (groupe) |U2]] (30 Go) et l'iPod nano de deuxième et troisième générations et l'iPod shuffle sont disponibles en version (Product) Red, versant une partie des fonds à la lutte contre le [[Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise |SIDA]] en [[Afrique]]. L'iPod nano (Product) Red est disponible en version 8 Go et le iPod shuffle (Product) Red est disponible en version 1Go comme les autres couleurs.+
- +
-== Caractéristiques techniques des modèles d'iPod ==+
- +
-{| class="wikitable"|width=100%+
-|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"+
-! Générations !! Commercialisation !! Capacité !! Type de mémoire !! Taille (mm) !! Poids !! Écran !! Autonomie+
- +
-|- bgcolor="#74D0F1"+
-|rowspan=2|'''1G'''+
-|align="center"|10/2001+
-|align="center"|5 Go+
-|rowspan=2|disque dur 1,8"+
-|rowspan=2 align="center"|102 x 62 x 20+
-|rowspan=2|184 g+
-|rowspan=2|Monochrome+
-|rowspan=2 align="center"|10 h+
-|- bgcolor="#74D0F1"+
-|align="center"|3/2002+
-|align="center"|10 Go+
-|- {{ligne grise}}+
-|rowspan=2|'''2G'''+
-|rowspan=2 align="center"|7/2002+
-|align="center"|5 - 10 Go+
-|rowspan=2|disque dur 1,8"+
-|align="center"|104 x 61 x 19+
-|align="center"|184 g+
-|rowspan=2|Monochrome+
-|rowspan=2 align="center"|10 h+
-|- {{ligne grise}}+
-|align="center"|20 Go+
-|align="center"|104 x 61 x 20+
-|align="center"|204 g+
- +
-|-+
-|- bgcolor="#74D0F1"+
-|rowspan=2|'''3G'''+
-|rowspan=2 align="center"|4-9/2003+
-|align="center"|10, 15, 20 Go+
-|rowspan=2|disque dur 1,8"+
-|align="center"|104 x 61 x 16+
-|align="center"|158 g+
-|rowspan=2|Monochrome+
-|rowspan=2 align="center"|8 h+
- +
-|- bgcolor="#74D0F1"+
-|align="center"|30, 40 Go+
-|align="center"|104 x 61 x 18,5+
-|align="center"|176 g+
- +
-|- {{ligne grise}}+
-|rowspan=2|'''4G'''+
-|rowspan=2 align="center"|7/2004+
-|align="center"|20 Go+
-|rowspan=2|disque dur 1,8"+
-|align="center"|104 x 61 x 14,5+
-|align="center"|176 g+
-|rowspan=2|Monochrome+
-|rowspan=2 align="center"|12 h+
-|- {{ligne grise}}+
-|align="center"|40 Go+
-|align="center"|104 x 61 x 17,5+
-|align="center"|176 g+
|- |-
-|- bgcolor="#74D0F1"+|colspan="8"|With [[Safari (web browser)|Safari]] browser, [[Multi-touch]], [[Wi-Fi]], and wireless access to the [[iTunes Store]] and [[YouTube]].
-|rowspan=2|'''iPod photo'''+
-|align="center"|10/2004+
-|align="center"|40, 60 Go+
-|rowspan=2|disque dur 1,8"+
-|align="center"|104 x 61 x 19+
-|align="center"|181 g+
-|rowspan=2|65000 couleurs+
-|rowspan=2 align="center"|15 h+
-|- bgcolor="#74D0F1"+
-|align="center"|2/2005+
-|align="center"|30 Go+
-|align="center"|104 x 61 x 16+
-|align="center"|167 g+
-|- {{ligne grise}}+
-|rowspan=2|'''iPod Couleur'''+
-|rowspan=2 align="center"|6/2005+
-|align="center"|20 Go+
-|rowspan=2|disque dur 1,8"+
-|align="center"|104 x 61 x 16+
-|align="center"|167 g+
-|rowspan=2|65000 couleurs+
-|rowspan=2 align="center"|15 h+
-|- {{ligne grise}}+
-|align="center"|60 Go+
-|align="center"|104 x 61 x 19+
-|align="center"|181 g+
|- |-
-|- bgcolor="#74D0F1" 
-|rowspan=3|'''5G''' 
-|rowspan=2 align="center"|10/2005 
-|align="center"|30 Go 
-|rowspan=3|disque dur 1,8" 
-|align="center"|104 x 61 x 11 
-|align="center"|136 g 
-|rowspan=3|Couleur 2,5" (320x240) 
-|align="center"|14 h 
-|- bgcolor="#74D0F1" 
-|align="center"|60 Go 
-|rowspan=2 align="center"|104 x 61 x 14 
-|rowspan=2 align="center"|157 g 
-|rowspan=2 align="center"|20 h 
-|- bgcolor="#74D0F1" 
-|align="center"|9/2006 
-|align="center"|80 Go 
-|- {{ligne grise}} 
-|rowspan=2|'''6G''' 
-|rowspan=2 align="center"|9/2007 
-|align="center"|80 Go 
-|rowspan=2|disque dur 1,8" 
-|align="center"|103,5 x 61,8 x 10,5 
-|align="center"|140 g 
-|rowspan=2|Couleur 2,5" (320x240) 
-|rowspan=2 align="center"|40 h 
-|- {{ligne grise}} 
-|align="center"|160 Go 
-|align="center"|103.5 x 61,8 x 13,5 
-|align="center"|162 g 
-|- bgcolor="#74D0F1" 
-|rowspan=2|'''iPod mini''' 
-|align="center"|1/2004 
-|align="center"|4 Go 
-|rowspan=2|disque dur 1" 
-|rowspan=2 align="center"|91 x 51 x 12,7 
-|align="center"|104 g 
-|rowspan=2|Monochrome 
-|align="center"|8 h 
-|- {{ligne grise}} 
-|- bgcolor="#74D0F1" 
-|align="center"|2/2005 
-|align="center"|4, 6 Go 
-|align="center"|103 g 
-|align="center"|18 h 
-|- {{ligne grise}} 
-|rowspan=3|'''iPod nano''' 
-|align="center"|9/2005 
-|align="center"|1, 2, 4 Go 
-|rowspan=3|mémoire flash 
-|align="center"|90 x 40 x 6,9 
-|align="center"|42 g 
-|rowspan=2|Couleur 1,5" (176x132) 
-|align="center"|14 h 
-|- {{ligne grise}} 
-|align="center"|2/2006 
-|align="center"|2, 4, 8 Go 
-|align="center"|90 x 40 x 6.5 
-|align="center"|40 g 
-|rowspan=2 align="center"|24h 
-|- {{ligne grise}} 
-|align="center"|9/2007 
-|align="center"|4, 8 Go 
-|align="center"|69,8 x 52,3 x 6,5 
-|align="center"|49,2 g 
-|align="center"|Couleur 2" (320 x 240) 
-|- {{ligne grise}} 
-|- bgcolor="#74D0F1" 
-|rowspan=2|'''iPod shuffle''' 
-|align="center"|1/2005 
-|align="center"|0,5 - 1 Go 
-|rowspan=2|mémoire flash 
-|align="center"|84 x 25 x 8,4 
-|align="center"|22 g 
-|rowspan=2|aucun 
-|align="center"|12 h 
-|- {{ligne grise}} 
-|- bgcolor="#74D0F1" 
-|align="center"|9/2006 
-|align="center"|1 Go 
-|align="center"|41,2 x 27,3 x 10,5 
-|align="center"|15 g 
-|align="center"|12 h 
-|- {{ligne grise}} 
-|rowspan=2|'''iPod touch''' 
-|rowspan=2 align="center"|9/2007 
-|align="center"|8 Go 
-|rowspan=2|mémoire flash 
-|rowspan=2|110 x 61.8 x 8 
-|rowspan=2|120 g 
-|rowspan=2|Couleur 3.5" (320x480) 
-|rowspan=2 align="center"|20 h 
-|- {{ligne grise}} 
-|align="center"|16 Go 
|} |}
 +<div style="text-align:center;font-size:88%;font-style:italic">Sources: Apple Inc. model database,<ref>[http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=61688 Identifying iPod models], retrieved [[October 31]], [[2007]].</ref> [[Mactracker]].<ref name=Mactracker>[[Mactracker]] ([http://www.mactracker.ca/ mactracker.ca]), [[Apple Inc.]] model database, version as of [[July 26]], [[2007]].</ref></div>
 +----
 +[[Image:Nano omores.jpg|125px|thumb|right|[[Product Red|(PRODUCT)<sup>RED</sup>]] 2G iPod nano.]]
 +The software bundled with the first generation iPod was Macintosh-only, so Windows users had to use third-party software like [[ephPod]] or [[XPlay]] to manage their music. When Apple introduced the second generation of iPods in July 2002, they sold two versions, one that included iTunes for Macintosh users and another that included [[Musicmatch Jukebox]] for Windows users.<ref>[http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2002/jul/17ipod.html Apple Unveils New iPods], ''[[Apple Inc.]]'', [[2002-07-17]]. Retrieved on [[2007-02-19]].</ref> In October 2003, Apple released the Windows version of iTunes,<ref>[http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2003/oct/16itms.html Apple Launches iTunes for Windows], ''[[Apple Inc.]]'', [[2003-10-16]]. Retrieved on [[2006-11-26]].</ref> and started selling iPods that included both Macintosh and Windows versions of iTunes so that they could be used with either platform. Current iPods no longer ship with iTunes, which must be downloaded from Apple's website.
-== Expérimentation sur un iPod ==+In December 2002, Apple unveiled its first limited edition iPods, with either [[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna]]’s, [[Tony Hawk]]’s, or [[Beck]]’s signature or [[No Doubt]]'s band logo engraved on the back for an extra US$50.<ref>Dalrymple, Jim. [http://www.macworld.com/news/2002/12/10/ipod/index.php Limited Edition Madonna, Tony Hawk, Beck iPods]. ''[[Macworld]]'', [[2002-09-10]]. Retrieved on [[2007-01-07]].</ref> On [[October 26]] [[2004]], Apple introduced a special edition of its fourth generation monochrome iPod, designed in the color scheme of the album ''[[How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb]]'' by Irish rock band [[U2]]. It had a black case with a red click wheel and the back had the engraved signatures of U2's band members. This iPod was updated alongside the [[iPod photo]] and fifth generation iPod.
-{{Article détaillé |iPodLinux}}+On [[October 13]] [[2006]], Apple released a special edition 4&nbsp;GB red iPod nano as part of the [[Product Red|(PRODUCT)<sup>RED</sup>]] campaign. An 8&nbsp;GB version was released three weeks later and both of them sold for the same price as the standard models. US$10 from each sale is donated to [[The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis & Malaria]]. On [[September 5]], [[2007]], Apple also added a (PRODUCT)<sup>RED</sup> iPod shuffle model. They did not disclose how much will be donated to charity from this model. Apple also released Special Edition [[Harry Potter]] iPods to accompany the iPod photo. These were engraved with the [[Hogwarts]] Crest on the back and were only available to purchasers of the ''Harry Potter'' [[audiobook]]s. They were updated when the fifth generation iPods were released, but were only available for a limited time.
-L'iPod est doté d'un processeur, d'un disque dur et de mémoire vive. Il est donc possible d'utiliser celui-ci comme un petit ordinateur, bien qu'il soit initialement bridé par Apple, sa maison mère.+{{timeline of iPod models}}
-Le projet iPod Linux est consacré à cette perspective et s'est fixé pour objectif de développer une version stable de [[Linux]] pour iPod. Bien que ce projet soit encore à l'état expérimental, il est d'ores et déjà possible d'utiliser ce [[système d'exploitation]] à la place du [[firmware]] d'Apple. L'intérêt est qu'au delà la possibilité de personnaliser (presque) à l'infini l'iPod, il est désormais possible par exemple de lire des vidéos avec des iPod de quatrième génération (ne gérant pas nativement la vidéo). Cette pratique reste expérimentale mais est possible bien que non recommandée dans le cadre d'une utilisation normale.+==Reliability and durability==
 +iPods have been criticized for their short life-span, fragile hard drives, and [[planned obsolescence]].<ref>Baca, Ricardo. [http://www.denverpost.com/entertainment/ci_4062965 When iPods go bad], ''[[Denver Post]]'', [[2006-07-18]]. Retrieved on [[2007-01-17]].</ref><ref>Slade, Giles. [http://thetyee.ca/Books/2006/08/01/MadeToBreak/?q=Books/2006/08/01/MadeToBreak The iPod Is Bad Garbage], ''Tyee Books'', [[2006-08-01]]. Retrieved on [[2007-01-17]].</ref> A 2005 survey conducted on the MacInTouch website found that the iPod had an average failure rate of 13.7%. It concluded that some models were more durable than others.<ref>[http://www.macintouch.com/reliability/ipodfailures.html iPod Reliability Survey], ''MacInTouch'', [[2005-11-28]]. Retrieved on [[2006-10-29]].</ref> In particular, failure rates for iPods employing hard drives was usually above 20% while those with flash memory had a failure rate below 10%, indicating poor hard drive durability. In late 2005, many users complained that the surface of the first generation iPod nano can become scratched easily, rendering the screen unusable.<ref>[http://www.macworld.com/news/2005/09/27/nanoscreen/index.php Apple responds to iPod nano screen concerns], ''[[Macworld]]'', [[2005-09-27]]. Retrieved on [[2007-02-17]].</ref><ref>Arthur, Charles. [http://www.theregister.co.uk/2005/09/23/ipod_nano_scratching/ iPod Nano owners in screen scratch trauma], ''[[The Register]]'', [[2005-09-25]]. Retrieved on [[2007-02-17]].</ref> A class action lawsuit was also filed.<ref>Fried, Ina. [http://news.com.com/Suit+filed+over+Nano+scratches/2100-1047_3-5906399.html Suit filed over Nano scratches], ''[[CNET|CNet News]]'', [[2005-10-21]]. Retrieved on [[2007-02-17]].</ref> Apple initially considered the issue a minor defect, but later began shipping these iPods with protective sleeves.
-{{Article détaillé |iPod Nano 2G Linux}}+==Allegations of worker exploitation==
 +On [[June 11]] [[2006]], the British newspaper ''[[Daily Mail|Mail on Sunday]]'' reported that iPods are mainly manufactured by workers who earn no more than US$50 per month and work 15-hour shifts.<ref>[http://www.macworld.co.uk/news/index.cfm?NewsID=14915 Inside Apple's iPod factories], ''[[Macworld UK]]'', [[2006-06-12]]. Retrieved on [[2007-03-20]].</ref> Apple investigated the case with independent auditors and found that, while some of the plant's labour practices met Apple's Code of Conduct, others did not: Employees worked over 60 hours a week for 35% of the time, and worked more than six consecutive days for 25% of the time.<ref>Millard, Elizabeth. [http://www.newsfactor.com/story.xhtml?story_id=13100EV85O19&page=2 Is It Ethical To Own an iPod?]. Retrieved on [[2007-03-20]].</ref>
-Le projet iPod Nano 2G Linux, lancé en décembre 2006, se déroule en parallèle du projet [[iPodLinux]]. L'objectif final est le portage d'un noyau linux en version 2.6 sur l'iPod nano de 2{{e}} génération. Ceci nécessite la cryptanalyse du [[firmware]] crypté d'Apple pour trouver un point d'entrée dans l'iPod et lancer Linux. Ce projet international a été initié par sept étudiants de l'[[ENSEIRB]]. N'est pas encore sorti.+[[Foxconn]], Apple's manufacturer, initially denied the abuses<ref>[http://www.macnn.com/articles/06/06/19/ipod.sweatshop.claims/ Foxconn denies iPod 'sweatshop' claims], ''MacNN'', [[2006-06-19]]. Retrieved on [[2007-02-17]].</ref>, but when an auditing team from Apple found that workers had been working longer hours than were allowed under Chinese law, they promised to prevent workers working more hours than the Code allowed. Apple hired a workplace standards auditing company, Verité, and joined the Electronic Industry Code of Conduct Implementation Group to oversee the measures. On [[December 31]] [[2006]], workers at the Longhua, [[Shenzhen]] factory (owned by Foxconn) formed a union. The union is affiliated with the Chinese government-controlled [[All-China Federation of Trade Unions]].<ref>Bodeen, Chistopher. [http://www.forbes.com/feeds/ap/2007/01/17/ap3334400.html Official Union Forms at Taiwanese Plant], ''[[Forbes]]'', [[2007-01-17]]. Retrieved on [[2007-02-17]].</ref>
-{{Article détaillé |Rockbox}}+==Patent disputes==
 +In 2005, Apple faced two lawsuits claiming [[patent infringement]] by the iPod and its associated technologies:<ref>[http://www.channelregister.co.uk/2005/03/10/apple_ipod_patent_lawsuits/ Apple faces patent lawsuits over its iPod], ''ChannelRegister'', [[2005-03-10]]. Retrieved on [[2007-02-17]].</ref> Advanced Audio Devices claimed the iPod breached its [[patent]] on a "music jukebox",<ref>[http://www.google.com/patents?vid=USPAT6587403&id=oawMAAAAEBAJ&dq=6,587,403 U.S. Patent 6,587,403] — Advanced Audio Devices' "music jukebox" patent.</ref> while a [[Hong Kong]]-based [[Intellectual property|IP]] portfolio company called Pat-rights filed a suit claiming that Apple's FairPlay technology breached a patent<ref>[http://www.google.com/patents?vid=USPAT6665797&id=QrR2AAAAEBAJ&dq=6,665,797 U.S. Patent 6,665,797] — "Protection of software again against unauthorized use" (corrected to "Computer Apparatus/Software Access Control").</ref> issued to inventor Ho Keung Tse. The latter case also includes the online music stores of [[Sony]], RealNetworks, [[Napster]], and Musicmatch as defendants.<ref>[http://www.appleinsider.com/article.php?id=1235 Apple, Sony among those named in new DRM lawsuit], ''AppleInsider'', [[2005-08-16]]. Retrieved on [[2007-02-17]].</ref>
-Il est aussi intéressant de noter que [[Rockbox]], [[firmware]] originalement pour [[Archos]] (puis développé ensuite sur de nombreux autres appareils musicaux), permet aussi l'ajout de nombreuses options aux iPods de plusieurs générations. Les ajouts de ce système sont généralement fort similaire à celles d'[[iPodLinux]].+Apple's application to the [[United States Patent and Trademark Office]] for a patent on "rotational user inputs",<ref>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=PG01&s1=%2260/346,237%22&OS=%2260/346,237%22&RS=%2260/346,237%22 U.S. patent application 20030095096] Apple's application on "rotational user inputs".</ref> as used on the iPod's interface, received a third "non-final rejection" (NFR) in August 2005. Also in August 2005, [[Creative Technology]], one of Apple's main rivals in the MP3 player market, announced that it held a patent<ref>[http://www.google.com/patents?vid=USPAT6928433&id=sJoVAAAAEBAJ&dq=6,928,433 U.S. Patent 6,928,433] [[Creative Technology]]'s "Zen" patent.</ref> on part of the music selection interface used by the iPod, which Creative dubbed the "Zen Patent", granted on [[August 9]], [[2005]].<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/4198360.stm Creative wins MP3 player patent], ''[[BBC News]]'', [[2005-08-30]]. Retrieved on [[2007-02-17]].</ref> On [[May 15]] [[2006]], Creative filed another suit against Apple with the [[United States District Court for the Northern District of California]]. Creative also asked the [[United States International Trade Commission]] to investigate whether Apple was breaching U.S. trade laws by importing iPods into the [[United States]].<ref>[http://www.macworld.co.uk/news/index.cfm?NewsID=14646 Creative sues Apple over patent], ''[[Macworld UK]]'', [[2006-05-16]]. Retrieved on [[2007-03-20]].</ref>
-{{Avertissement|}}Utiliser l'un de ces systèmes annule la garantie de 1 an ou 2 de l'iPod.+On [[August 24]] [[2006]], Apple and Creative announced a broad settlement to end their legal disputes. Apple will pay Creative US$100 million for a paid-up license, to use Creative's awarded patent in all Apple products. As part of the agreement, Apple will recoup part of its payment, if Creative is successful in licensing the patent. Creative then announced its intention to produce iPod accessories by joining the ''Made for iPod'' program.<ref>[http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2006/aug/23settlement.html Apple & Creative Announce Broad Settlement...], , ''[[Apple Inc.]]''. Retrieved on [[2007-02-17]].</ref>
-Bien que développé depuis plusieurs années, ces systèmes d'exploitation ne sont pas soutenus par Apple et peuvent s'avérer risqués. C'est donc purement expérimental.+==Sales==
 +[[Image:Ipod sales.svg‎|thumb|right|450px|iPod quarterly sales. Click for table of data and sources.]]
 +{{see also|iPod advertising}}
 +October 2004, the iPod has dominated digital music player sales in the United States, with over 90% of the market for hard drive-based players and over 70% of the market for all types of players.<ref>Marsal, Katie. [http://www.appleinsider.com/article.php?id=1770 iPod: how big can it get?], ''[[AppleInsider]]'', [[2006-05-24]]. Retrieved on [[2007-02-17]].</ref> During the year from January 2004 to January 2005, the high rate of sales caused its U.S. market share to increase from 31% to 65% and in July 2005, this market share was measured at 74%. In January of 2007 the iPod market share reached 72.7% according to Bloomberg Online.
-== Produits tiers ==+The release of the iPod mini helped to ensure this success at a time when competing flash-based music players were once dominant.<ref>jomy [http://homepage.mac.com/jomy/PhotoAlbum14.html Apple Computer (presentation slides)], [[2005-10-18]]. Retrieved on [[2006-05-25]].</ref> On [[January 8]] [[2004]], [[Hewlett-Packard]] (HP) announced that they would sell HP-branded iPods under a license agreement from Apple. Several new retail channels were used—including [[Wal-Mart]]—and these iPods eventually made up 5% of all iPod sales. In July 2005, HP stopped selling iPods due to unfavorable terms and conditions imposed by Apple.<ref>[http://www.appleinsider.com/articles/05/07/29/hp_to_stop_selling_apples_ipods.html HP to stop selling Apple's iPods], ''[[Apple rumors community|AppleInsider]]'', [[2005-07-29]]. Retrieved on [[2007-08-06]].</ref>
-Un large nombre d'accessoires (étuis, housses, [[autocollant]]s de personnalisation …) et de périphériques (enceintes, microphone, émetteur FM, télécommande infra-rouge, déchargeur de carte mémoire d'appareil-photo numérique, écouteurs sans fil à technologie [[bluetooth]]) ont été conçus pour les iPod (toutes catégories). À la fin [[2004]], plus de 400 accessoires pour iPod ont été recensés.<ref>{{en}} ''[http://www.usatoday.com/tech/products/magazine/2005-12-11-ipod-accessories_x.htm Accessories personalize your iPod]'' [[USA Today]], {{date|12|décembre|2005}}</ref>+In January 2007, Apple reported record quarterly revenue of US$7.1 billion, of which 48% was made from iPod sales.<ref>[http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2007/01/17results.html Apple Reports First Quarter Results], ''[[Apple Inc.]]'', [[2007-01-17]]. Retrieved on [[2007-02-17]].</ref>
-Un des accessoires est le fruit d'un partenariat entre [[Apple, Inc. |Apple]] et [[Nike]] et permet d'enregistrer des données de déplacement sur l'iPod Nano. Toute une gamme de produits Nike adaptée à l'Ipod Nano a été conçue et est appelée [[Nike+]].+On [[April 9]] [[2007]], it was announced that Apple had sold its one-hundred millionth iPod, making it the biggest selling digital music player of all time. In April 2007, Apple reported second quarter revenue of US$5.2 billion, of which 32% was made from iPod sales.<ref>[http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2007/04/25results.html Apple Reports Second Quarter Results], ''[[Apple Inc.]]''. Retrieved on [[2007-04-25]].</ref> Apple and several industry analysts suggest that iPod users are likely to purchase other Apple products such as Mac computers.<ref>Orlowski, Andrew. [http://www.theregister.co.uk/2005/10/11/apple_q4_2005/ For Apple, Halo effect eclipses Osborne effect], ''[[The Register]]'', [[2005-10-11]]. Retrieved on [[2006-07-13]].</ref>
-Levi Strauss, célèbre marque de blue jeans, s'est également mise au service de l'iPod en lançant le Levi's Redwire, un jean intégrant une télécommande en forme de molette d'iPod placée sur la poche à révolver. Il s'agit en fait d'un simple joystick. Le nom de ce jean vient du ruban rouge qui relie l'iPod à la molette. Lors de l'achat, une paire d'écouteurs rétractable est fournie avec le jean.+On [[September 5]], [[2007]], during their "The Beat Goes On" event, Apple announced that the iPod had surpassed 110 million units sold.
-Plusieurs marques concurrentes d'Apple et de son iPod n'hésitent pas à développer des accessoires ''made for iPod'', ceci dans le but de profiter du gigantesque succès de celui-ci.+On [[October 22]], [[2007]], Apple reported quarterly revenue of US$6.22 billion, of which 30.69% came from Apple notebook sales, 19.22% from desktop sales and 26% from iPod sales. Apple's 2007 year revenue increased to US$24.01 billion with US$3.5 billion in profits. Apple ended the fiscal year 2007 with US$15.4 billion in cash and no debt.<ref>[http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2007/01/22results.html Apple Reports Fourth Quarter 2007 Results], ''[[Apple Inc.]]'', [[2007-10-22]]. Retrieved on [[2007-10-22]].</ref>
-C'est ainsi que l'iPod possède le réel avantage de pouvoir parfaitement s'intégrer dans notre vie de tous les jours, que ce soit dans la voiture, à la maison, dans la rue, dans la piscine (pochettes étanches), peut être bientôt dans les avions...+==Industry impact==
 +iPods have won several awards ranging from engineering excellence,<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/4605881.stm iPod and Bluetooth lead to prizes], ''[[BBC News]]'', [[2005-06-03]]. Retrieved on [[2007-03-20]].</ref> to most innovative audio product,<ref>[http://www.pcworld.com/article/id,123942-page,2-c,electronics/article.html The 25 Most Innovative Products of the Year], ''[[PC World]]''. Retrieved on [[2007-02-17]].</ref> to fourth best computer product of 2006.<ref>[http://www.macnn.com/articles/06/05/31/top.100.products.announced/ Apple wins 5 'World Class' awards], ''MacNN''. Retrieved on [[2007-02-17]].</ref> iPods often receive favorable reviews; scoring on looks, clean design, and ease of use. [[PC World]] says that iPods have "altered the landscape for portable audio players".<ref name="pcworld25">{{cite web|coauthors = PC World Editors| title = The 25 Most Innovative Products of the Year| publisher = [[PC World]]| date = [[2007-08-03]]| url = http://www.pcworld.com/article/id,123942-page,2/article.html}}</ref> Several industries are modifying their products to work better with both the iPod and the AAC audio format. Examples include CD copy-protection schemes,<ref>[http://www.macrumors.com/pages/2004/07/20040720124549.shtml Apple, iPod, and CD Copy Protection], ''MacRumors''. Retrieved on [[2007-02-17]].</ref> and mobile phones, such as phones from [[Sony Ericsson]] and [[Nokia]], which play AAC files rather than WMA. Microsoft's [[Zune]] device also supports AAC and it has adopted a similar closed DRM model used by iPods and the iTunes Store, despite Microsoft previously marketing the benefits of choice with their [[PlaysForSure]] initiative. [[Podcast]]s and download charts have also had mainstream adoption.
-== iTunes Store ==+In addition to its reputation as a respected entertainment device, the iPod has also become accepted as a business device. Government departments, major institutions and international organisations have turned to the iPod as a delivery mechanism for business communication and training, such as the [[Glasgow Royal Infirmary|Royal]] and [[Western Infirmary|Western Infirmaries]] in [[Glasgow]], [[Scotland]] where iPods are used to train new staff.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4859302.stm Hospitals train staff with iPods], ''[[BBC News]]'', [[2006-03-29]]. Retrieved on [[2007-06-16]].</ref>
-{{Article détaillé |iTunes Store}}+==See also==
 +*[[Comparison of portable media players]]
 +*[[Comparison of iPod managers]]
-L'iPod fait partie d'une stratégie d'Apple Computer visant à mettre en place une économie de la musique numérique. La société a ouvert aux [[États-Unis]], au [[Canada]], en [[Europe]], au [[Japon]] et plus récemment en [[Australie]] des magasins de vente de musique en ligne, les [[iTunes Music Store]]. Ces derniers proposent des morceaux au format standard [[MPEG-4]] [[Advanced Audio Codec |AAC]], mais ils sont assortis d'un système anti-copie ([[FairPlay]]) qui ne rend leur lecture sur baladeur possible que sur le seul iPod. En outre, les fichiers [[WMA]] avec système anti-copie [[DRM]] ne peuvent être lus sur iPod. Ce type de fichiers est disponible sur la plupart des plate-formes concurrentes de l'iTunes Music Store comme, en France, fnacmusic, VirginMega, e-Compil ou encore les sites sous [[marque blanche]] [[OD2]]. +==References==
 +{{reflist|2}}
-iTunes Music Store a été lancé en France le {{Date | 15 | juin | 2004}}, devancé par ''VirginMega'', qui a ouvert le [[18 mai]] de la même année, et ''e-compil'', présent dès le {{Date | 2 | novembre | 2001}} sur l'Internet français. ''Sony Connect'', réservé aux [[baladeur]]s de [[Sony]] fut lancé en juillet 2004 et ''fnacmusic'' en septembre de la même année.+==External links==
 +{{commons|iPod}}
 +{{wikiquote|iPod}}
 +*[http://www.apple.com/ipod/ipod.html Apple iPod] — Official website
 +*[http://www.apple.com/support/ipod/ Support - iPod + iTunes] — From the official website
 +*[http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=32222 iPod troubleshooting basics and service FAQ] — From the official website
 +*[http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2001/11/12/313342/index.htm ''Apple's 21st century Walkman''] — Brent Schlender, ''[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]'', October 2001
 +*[http://www.newsweek.com/id/54529 iPod Nation] — [[Steven Levy]], ''[[Newsweek]]'', July 2004
 +*[http://www.engineering.cornell.edu/news/engineering-magazine/archives/cem-fall-2005/Behind-the-Music.cfm ''Behind the Music''] — Ken Aaron, ''Cornell Engineering'', 2005
 +*[http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/14.11/ipod.html The Perfect Thing] — [[Steven Levy]], ''[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]'', November 2006
-Le {{Date | 10 | novembre | 2004}}, une étude initiée par le site SmallDJ<ref>{{fr}} [http://www.smalldj.com/etude/les-magasins-de-musique-en-ligne.pdf Étude du site SmallDJ] {{pdf}}</ref> et relayée puis approfondie par L'Observatoire de la Musique<ref>{{fr}} [http://observatoire.cite-musique.fr/observatoire/ Étude de l'Observatoire de la Musique]</ref> avait démontré que seuls 36% des titres du [[TOP 50]] étaient disponibles sur iTunes Music Store, contre 70% pour son principal concurrent VirginMega. Le catalogue d'iTunes Music Store s'est depuis bien étoffé puisque 91% du TOP 100 albums était proposé sur la plate-forme, lors de la dernière vague d'enquête effectuée par l'observatoire en 2005.  
-En septembre 2006, iTunes apparaît en version 7 et le store propose des jeux à installer directement sur l'iPod.+{{Apple hardware since 1998}}
 +{{Apple}}
-En juillet 2007, iTunes apparaît en version 7.3 et est désormais compatible avec l'iPhone.+[[Category:2000s fashion]]
- +[[Category:2001 introductions]]
-En septembre 2007, iTunes passe en version 7.4 et est compatible avec la nouvelle génération d'iPod : les [[iPod shuffle]] 3G, les [[iPod nano]] 3G, l'[[iPod classic]] ainsi que l'[[iPod touch]].+[[Category:Digital audio players]]
- +[[Category:Industrial design examples]]
-== Parts de marché ==+[[Category:IPod]]
- +
-La grande réussite de la conception de l'iPod tient dans une grande simplicité d'emploi pour un produit hautement technologique. Dès sa sortie, l’iPod atteint des parts de marché très élevés :+
-* les iPod à disque dur (iPod, iPod Mini, iPod Photo et iPod HP), détiennent 90,9&nbsp;% du marché des [[baladeur]]s à [[disque dur]] sécurisés (à la fin 2004) ;+
-* l'iPod Shuffle s'est octroyé à sa sortie près de 60&nbsp;% des ventes de baladeurs à mémoire flash, alors que ce marché était déjà bien développé à son arrivée. En juin 2005, ses parts de marché sont encore de 52&nbsp;% ;+
- +
-En 2006, l’iPod détient 38,6&nbsp;% du marché mondial des baladeurs numériques, avec 46&nbsp;432&nbsp;000 exemplaires vendus<ref>+
-* Chiffres de vente Apple : voir ToTheEnd. Graphique ''ipod_sales_b''. En ligne : [http://redac.cuk.ch/totheend/imgtxt51/ipod_sales_b.gif]. Consulté le 30 janvier 2007. +
-* Chiffres de vente mondiaux : IFPI. ''07 Digital Music Report'' {{en en|Rapport 2007 sur la musique numérique}}. En ligne [http://www.ifpi.org/content/library/digital-music-report-2007.pdf]. Consulté le 30 janvier 2007, p 14</ref>. En Europe, la part de marchés des différents iPod en 2007 est de 27,4 %<ref>Étude GFK, [http://www.igeneration.fr/fr/actu/5159/]</ref>.+
- +
-L’iTunes Music Store détient 70&nbsp;% des téléchargements légaux de musique sur l'internet mondial<ref>''Challenges'' mai 2005</ref>. En France, la part de marché de l’iTunes se monte a 40&nbsp;% :+
-''(Source: Challenges - l'hebdomadaire ne précise pas si la part de marché prend en compte le téléchargement de sonneries)''+
-* iTunes : 40 % +
-* Virgin Mega : 25 % +
-* SFR : 17 % +
-* Fnac : 15 % +
-* Autres : 3 %+
- +
-En tout, plus de 88 millions d'iPod étaient vendus en [[décembre 2006]], pour atteindre les 119 millions en [[octobre 2007]]. Sur la période octobre 2006-septembre 2007, un million d'iPods ont été vendus chaque semaine. +
- +
-D’autres raisons peuvent être avancées : la simplicité et l’[[ergonomie]] du logiciel de synchronisation, [[iTunes]] ; l’efficacité des publicités (voir plus bas) ; et enfin, l’existence du magasin en ligne, iTunes Music Store, verrouillé par le système [[FairPlay]] de [[gestion numérique des droits]] (DRM), qui crée des [[barrières à l'entrée]] à l'encontre de ses concurrents. iTunes Music Store est le site de musique en ligne le plus complet, et seul un iPod peut lire les morceaux ainsi achetés. Qui désire faire concurrence à l'iPod, doit en même temps monter une structure tenant la comparaison avec l'iTunes Music Store, notamment en terme de catalogue, et ne peut assurer simplement la prise en charge des morceaux de musiques achetés par son éventuel nouveau client. C'est tout l'intérêt qu'a un acteur dominant à imposer son [[format propriétaire|format non ouvert]].+
- +
-La forte domination d'Apple sur ce marché a poussé son concurrent [[Rio]] à se retirer du marché en août 2005. [[Dell]] a aussi arrêté la fabrication de ses lecteurs mp3 à [[disque dur]] en [[février 2006]], Apple ayant vendu 14 millions d'iPod à Noël.+
- +
-Les principaux concurrents d'Apple sont :+
-* [[Creative Technology|Creative]] qui a lancé son baladeur numérique à disque dur DAP en [[1999]] et qui aujourd'hui commercialise ses baladeurs sous le nom "Zen" (Zen Nano Plus, Zen Vision, Zen Vision:M,…)+
-* [[Archos]], qui a lancé son Jukebox 6000 la même année et qui aujourd'hui s'est spécialisé dans la vidéo nomade avec la gamme Gmini 400, Gmini 500 et AV (AV400, AV500, AV700).+
-* Dans une moindre mesure, et selon les pays, on peut aussi citer [[iRiver]], [[Cowon]], [[Samsung]] et bien entendu [[Sony]], qui s'est tardivement mis au mp3.+
- +
-Apple est par contre moins dominateur en Chine, avec une part de marché de 4,29&thinsp;% (pour 28 580 unités vendues au mois de juin 2006). Le marché chinois est dominé par des marques locales, comme Newman, DEC ou Aigo avec respectivement 19,6&thinsp;%, 9,69&thinsp;% et 7,74&thinsp;%<ref>Source CCID et DigiTimes.com, juillet 2006.</ref>.+
- +
-En mai 2006, le [[Credit Suisse Group |Crédit suisse]] estime que l’iPod devrait à terme dépasser les ventes de [[Walkman]]<ref>(source: prévisions du Crédit Suisse, Mai 2006</ref>.+
- +
-== Musiques des publicités pour iPod ==+
- +
-[[Image:Wrap advertising light rail.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Publicité pour l'iPod sur un [[tramway]] de [[Minneapolis]] ([[Minnesota]], [[États-Unis |É.-U.]])]]+
-* Octobre 2001 : [[Muse]] - Sunburn+
-* Mars 2002 : Propellerheads commander - Take California +
-* Novembre 2003 : [[Black Eyed Peas |The Black Eyed Peas]] - Hey Mama!+
-* Novembre 2003 : [[No One Ever Really Dies |N.E.R.D]] - Rock Star (Jason Nevins Remix Edit)+
-* Novembre 2003 : [[Jet]] - Are You Gonna Be My Girl?+
-* Février 2004 : Feature Cast - Channel Surfing+
-* Juin 2004 : [[The Vines]] - Ride+
-* Septembre 2004 : [[Steriogram]] - Walkie Talkie Man+
-* Octobre 2004 : [[U2 (groupe) |U2]] - Vertigo+
-* Mars 2005 : [[Caesars |The Caesars]] - Jerk It Out+
-* Juin 2005 : [[Gorillaz]] - Feel Good Inc+
-* Juin 2005 : [[Daft Punk]] - Technologic+
-* Septembre 2005 : The Resource featuring Jimmy Napes - Gimme That+
-* Octobre 2005 : [[U2 (groupe) |U2]] - Original Of The Species+
-* Novembre 2005 : [[Eminem]] - Lose Yourself+
-* Janvier 2006 : [[Wynton Marsalis]] - Sparks+
-* Avril 2006 : [[Rinôçérôse]] - Cubicle+
-* Septembre 2006 : [[Cut Chemist]] - The Audience Is Listening Theme Song+
-* Janvier 2007 : [[The Fratellis]] - Flathead+
-* Février 2007 : [[The Prototypes]] - Who's Gonna Sing ?+
-* Mai 2007 : [[Nickodemus & Quantic]] - Mi Swing Es Tropical+
-* Mai 2007 : [[Paul McCartney]] - Dance Tonight+
-* Septembre 2007 : [[Leslie Feist|Feist]] - 1234+
-* Octobre 2007 : [[Cansei de Ser Sexy|CSS]] - Music Is My Hot, Hot Sex+
-* Novembre 2007 : [[Mary J. Blige]] - Work That+
-* Décembre 2007: [[Feist]] - One, two, three, four+
- +
-== Voir aussi ==+
- +
-{{Commons|iPod|l'iPod}}+
- +
-=== Notes ===+
- +
-<references />+
- +
-=== Bibliographie ===+
- +
-* {{fr}} {{Ouvrage | auteurs = Gilles Dounès, Marc Geoffroy | titre = iPod Backstage - Les coulisses d'un succès mondial | éditeur = Dunod | lieu = Paris | année = 2005}}+
- +
-=== Liens internes ===+
- +
-* [[iTunes Store]]+
-* [[Apple, Inc. |Apple]]+
-* [[iTunes]]+
-* [[Baladeur numérique]] : définition et historique+
-* [[IPodLinux]]+
-* [[Rockbox]]+
-* [[Nike+iPod]]+
-* [[iPod Battle]]+
- +
-=== Liens externes ===+
- +
-* {{fr}} [http://www.apple.com/fr/ipod/ L'iPod sur le site d'Apple]+
-* {{fr}} {{dmoz|Ipod|http://www.dmoz.org/World/Fran%c3%a7ais/Informatique/Plateformes/Apple/iPod/}}+
-<!-- Dans le but de limiter les liens externes puisque wikipédia n'a pas vocation à être un annuaire, les liens externes sont limités aux catégories équivalentes de DMOZ qui est un annuaire régit par un même esprit que celui de wikipédia et où vous êtes invités à enregistrer votre site plutôt que de l'ajouter ici -->+
- +
-{{Portail Apple Macintosh}}+
- +
-[[Catégorie:IPod]]+
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Version actuelle

Modèle:Sprotected2 Modèle:Lowercase Modèle:Information applianceiPod is a brand of portable media players designed and marketed by Apple and launched on October 23, 2001. The line-up currently consists of the original style hard drive-based flagship iPod classic, the iPod touch, the mid-level video-capable iPod nano, and the entry-level screenless iPod shuffle. Former products include the compact iPod mini (replaced by the iPod nano) and the high-end spin-off iPod photo (re-integrated into the main iPod classic line). iPod classic models store media on an internal hard drive, while all other models, aside from the Microdrive-based mini, use flash memory to enable their smaller size. As with many other digital music players, iPods can also serve as external data storage devices.

Apple's iTunes software is used to transfer music to the devices. As a jukebox application, iTunes stores a music library on the user's computer and can play, burn, and rip music from a CD. It also transfers photos, videos, games, and calendars to those iPod models that support them. Apple focused its development on the iPod's unique user interface and its ease of use, rather than on technical capability. As of October 2007, the iPod had sold over 119 million units worldwide (stated in "The Beat Goes On" conference) making it the best-selling digital audio player series in history.

Sommaire

[modifier]

History and design

iPod came from Apple's digital hub strategy,<ref name=straight>Kahney, Leander. Straight Dope on the iPod's Birth, Wired News, 2006-10-17. Retrieved on 2006-10-30.</ref> when the company began creating software for the growing market of digital devices being purchased by consumers. Digital cameras, camcorders and organizers had well-established mainstream markets, but the company found existing digital music players "big and clunky or small and useless" with user interfaces that were "unbelievably awful,"<ref name=straight/> so Apple decided to develop its own. The product was developed in less than a year and unveiled on October 23,2001. CEO Steve Jobs announced it as a Mac-compatible product with a 5 GB hard drive that put "1,000 songs in your pocket."

Uncharacteristically, Apple did not develop iPod's software entirely in-house. Apple instead used PortalPlayer's reference platform which was based on 2 ARM cores. The platform had rudimentary software running on a commercial microkernel embedded operating system. PortalPlayer had previously been working on an IBM-branded MP3 player with Bluetooth headphones.<ref>Kahney, Leander. Inside Look at the Birth of the iPod, Wired News, 2004-07-21. Retrieved on 2006-10-30.</ref> Apple contracted another company, Pixo, to help design and implement the user interface, under the direct supervision of Steve Jobs.<ref name=straight/> Once established, Apple continued to refine the software's look and feel. Starting with iPod mini, the Chicago font was replaced with Espy Sans. Later iPods switched fonts again to Podium Sans — a font similar to Apple's corporate font Myriad. iPods with color displays then adopted some Mac OS X themes like Aqua progress bars, and brushed metal in the lock interface. In 2007, Apple modified the iPod interface again with the introduction of the sixth-generation iPod classic and third-generation iPod nano by changing the font to Helvetica, and in most cases, splitting the screen in half by displaying the menus on the left and album artwork, photos, or videos on the right (whichever was appropriate for the selected item).

[modifier]

Trademark

The name iPod was proposed by Vinnie Chieco, a freelance copywriter, who (with others) was called by Apple to figure out how to introduce the new player to the public. After Chieco saw a prototype, he thought of the movie 2001: A Space Odyssey and the phrase "Open the pod bay door, Hal!", which refers to the white EVA Pods of the Discovery One spaceship.<ref name=straight/> Apple researched the trademark and found that it was already in use. Joseph N. Grasso of New Jersey had originally listed an "iPod" trademark with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office in July 2000 for Internet kiosks. The first iPod kiosks had been demonstrated to the public in New Jersey in March 1998, and commercial use began in January 2000. The trademark was registered by the USPTO in November 2003, and Grasso assigned it to Apple Computer, Inc. in 2005.<ref>Serial No. 78018061, Registration No. 2781793, records of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. InPub, LLC, filed an "IPOD" trademark on June 1, 1999, for "computer software and hardware." The trademark was abandoned May 18, 2000, without commercial use.</ref>

[modifier]

Software

iPod can play MP3, AAC/M4A, Protected AAC, AIFF, WAV, Audible audiobook, and Apple Lossless audio file formats. The iPod photo introduced the ability to display JPEG, BMP, GIF, TIFF, and PNG image file formats. Fifth and sixth generation iPod classics, as well as third generation iPod nanos, can additionally play MPEG-4 (H.264/MPEG-4 AVC) and QuickTime video formats, with restrictions on video dimensions, encoding techniques and data-rates. Originally, iPod software only worked with Macs; however, starting with the second generation model, iPod software worked with Windows and Macs. Unlike most other media players, Apple does not support Microsoft's WMA audio format — but a converter for WMA files without Digital Rights Management (DRM) is provided with the Windows version of iTunes. MIDI files also cannot be played, but can be converted to audio files using the "Advanced" menu in iTunes. Alternative open-source audio formats such as Ogg Vorbis and FLAC are not supported without installing custom firmware onto the iPod.

The iPod is associated with one host computer. Each time an iPod connects to its host computer, iTunes can synchronize entire music libraries or music playlists either automatically or manually. Song ratings can be set on the iPod and synchronized later to the iTunes library, and vice versa. If a user wishes to connect the iPod to a second computer, only reformatting the device will allow the iPod to sync with the new computer.

[modifier]

User interface

Image:Ipodwheelwiki.svg
The iPod's signature Click Wheel.

iPods with color displays use anti-aliased graphics and text, with sliding animations. Classic iPods have five buttons and the later generations have the buttons integrated into the click wheel — an innovation which gives an uncluttered, minimalist interface. The buttons perform basic functions such as play, next track, etc. Other operations such as scrolling through menu items and controlling the volume are performed by using the click wheel in a rotational manner. iPod shuffle does not have a click wheel and instead has five buttons positioned differently from the larger models. iPod touch uses no buttons for any of these functions, instead relying on the same Multi-touch input style like the iPhone.

[modifier]

iTunes Store

Main articles: iTunes and iTunes Store

The iTunes Store is an online media store run by Apple and accessed via iTunes. It was introduced on April 29, 2003 and it sells individual songs, with typical prices being US $0.99, AU $1.69 (inc. GST), NZ $1.79 (inc. GST), €0.99 (inc. VAT), or £0.79 (inc. VAT) per song. Since no other portable player supports the DRM used, only iPods can play protected content from the iTunes store. The store became the market leader soon after its launch<ref>iTunes Music Store Catalog Tops One Million Songs, Apple Inc., 2004-08-10. Retrieved on 2006-12-28.</ref> and Apple announced the sale of videos through the store on October 12, 2005. Full-length movies became available on September 12 2006.<ref>Scott-Joynt, Jeremy. Apple targets TV and film market, BBC News, 2006-09-12. Retrieved on 2006-09-12.</ref>

Purchased audio files use the AAC format with added encryption. The encryption is based on the FairPlay DRM system. Up to five authorized computers and an unlimited number of iPods can play the files. Burning the files onto an audio CD, then re-compressing can create music files without the DRM, although this results in reduced quality. The DRM can also be removed using third-party software. However, in a deal with Apple, EMI began selling DRM-free, higher-quality songs on the iTunes Stores, in a category called "iTunes Plus." While individual songs were made available at a cost of US$1.29, 30¢ more than the cost of a regular DRM song, entire albums were available for the same price, US$9.99, as DRM encoded albums. On October 17, 2007, Apple lowered the cost of individual iTunes Plus songs to US$.99 per song, the same as DRM encoded tracks.

iPods cannot play music files from competing music stores that use rival-DRM technologies like Microsoft's protected WMA or RealNetworks' Helix DRM. Example stores include Napster and MSN Music. RealNetworks claims that Apple is creating problems for itself<ref>Kanellos, Michael. Real's Glaser exhorts Apple to open iPod, CNet News, 2004-03-23. Retrieved on 2006-06-20.</ref> by using FairPlay to lock users into using the iTunes Store. Steve Jobs has stated that Apple makes little profit from song sales, although Apple uses the store to promote iPod sales.<ref>Orlowski, Andrew. Your 99c belong to the RIAA – Steve Jobs, The Register, 2003-11-07. Retrieved on 2006-06-20.</ref> However, iPods can also play music files from online stores that do not use DRM, such as eMusic or Amie Street.

On July 3, 2007, Universal Music Group decided not to renew their contract with the iTunes music store. Universal will now supply iTunes in an 'at will' capacity.<ref>Evans, Jonny. Universal confirms iTunes contract change, Macworld UK, 2007-07-04. Retrieved on 2007-07-05.</ref>

On September 5, 2007, at Apple's Media Event entitled "The Beat Goes On...", the company debuted the iTunes Wi-Fi Music Store which allows one to access the Music Store from either iPhone or the new WiFi-enabled iPod Touch and download songs directly to the device. When you next sync the device with iTunes, any purchased music is copied onto your iTunes Library.

[modifier]

File storage and transfer

All iPods can function as mass storage devices to store data files. If the iPod is formatted on a Mac OS X computer it uses the HFS+ file system format, which allows it to serve as a boot disk for a Mac computer.<ref>http://lifehacker.com/software/how-to/boot-up-your-mac-from-your-ipod-260157.php</ref> If it is formatted on Windows, the FAT32 format is used. With the advent of the Windows-compatible iPod, iPod's default file system switched from HFS+ to FAT32, although it can be reformatted to either filesystem (excluding the iPod shuffle which is strictly FAT32). Generally, if a new iPod (excluding the iPod shuffle) is initially plugged into a computer running Windows, it will be formatted with FAT32, and if initially plugged into a Mac running Mac OS X it will be formatted with HFS+.

Unlike many other MP3 players, simply copying audio or video files to the drive with a typical file management application will not allow iPod to properly access them. The user must use software that has been specifically designed to transfer media files to iPods, so that the files are playable and viewable. Aside from iTunes, several alternative third-party applications are available on a number of different platforms.

iTunes 7 and above can transfer purchased media of the iTunes Store from an iPod to a computer, provided that the DRM media is transferred to any of the five computers allowed for authorization with DRM media.

Media files are stored on the iPod in a hidden folder, together with a proprietary database file. The hidden content can be accessed on the host operating system by enabling hidden files to be shown. The audio can then be recovered manually by dragging the files or folders onto the iTunes Library or by using third-party software.

[modifier]

Equalizer

If the sound is enhanced with the iPod's software equalizer (EQ), some EQ settings — like R&B, Rock, Acoustic,indie, and Bass Booster — can cause bass distortion too easily.<ref>Kuzmanoski, Brian. Analysis of the iPod's equalizer, DAP review. Retrieved on 2007-02-17.</ref><ref>MacInTouch reader report of iPod sound distortion, MacInTouch, July 2002. Retrieved on 2007-02-17.</ref> The equalizer amplifies the digital audio level beyond the software's limit, causing distortion (clipping) on songs that have a bass drum or use a bassy instrument, even when the amplifier level is low. One possible workaround is to reduce the volume level of the songs by modifying the audio files.

[modifier]

Hardware

[modifier]

Chipsets and electronics

Microcontroller

Audio chip

Storage medium

  • iPod first to fifth generation — 45.7 mm (1.8 in) hard drives (ATA-6, 4200 rpm with proprietary connectors) made by Toshiba
  • iPod mini — 25.4 mm (1 in) Microdrives manufactured by Hitachi and Seagate
  • iPod nano — Flash memory from Samsung, Toshiba, and others.
  • iPod shuffle — Flash memory

Batteries

[modifier]

Connectivity

Image:IPod Chargers.JPG
Two iPod wall chargers, with FireWire (left) and USB (right) connectors, which allow iPods to charge without a computer.
Originally, a FireWire connection to the host computer was used to update songs or recharge the battery. The battery could also be charged with a power adapter that was included with the first four generations. The third generation began including a dock connector, allowing for FireWire or USB connectivity. This provided better compatibility with PCs, as most of them did not have FireWire ports at the time. The dock connector also brought opportunities to exchange data, sound and power with an iPod, which ultimately created a large market of accessories, manufactured by third parties such as Belkin and Griffin. The second generation iPod shuffle uses a single 3.5 mm jack which acts as both a headphone jack and a data port for the dock.

Eventually Apple began shipping iPods with USB cables instead of FireWire, although the latter was available separately. As of the first generation iPod nano and the fifth generation iPod classic, Apple discontinued using FireWire for data transfer and made a full transition to USB 2.0 in an attempt to reduce cost and form factor. With these changes, FireWire could only be used for recharging.

[modifier]
iPod Dock Connector

Introduced in the third-generation iPod, the iPod's 30-pin Dock Connector allows iPods to be connected to a variety of accessories, which can range from televisions to speaker systems. Some peripherals utilize their own interface, while others use the iPod's own screen for access. Such accessories may be used for music, video, and photo playback. Because the Dock Connector is a proprietary interface, the implementation of the interface requires paying royalties to Apple.<ref>Panasonic HTS with iPod Docking</ref><ref>LG HTS with iPod Dock</ref>

[modifier]

Accessories

Many accessories have been made for the iPod. A large amount are made by third party companies, although many, such as iPod Hi-Fi, are made by Apple. This market is sometimes described as the iPod ecosystem.<ref>Darlin, Damon. The iPod Ecosystem. New York Times, 2006-02-03. Retrieved on 2006-08-14.</ref> Some accessories add extra features that other music players have, such as sound recorders, FM radio tuners, wired remote controls, and audio/visual cables for TV connections. Other accessories offer unique features like the [[Nike+iPod]] pedometer and the iPod Camera Connector. Other notable accessories include external speakers, wireless remote controls, protective cases/films and wireless earphones.<ref>In-The-Ear Bluetooth Earphones. Retrieved on 2007-02-17.</ref> Among the first accessory manufacturers were Griffin Technology, Belkin, JBL, Bose, Monster Cable, and SendStation.

Image:IPod Earbuds.JPG
Two designs of iPod earbuds. The current version is shown on the right.
The white earphones (or "earbuds") that ship with all iPods have become symbolic of the brand. Advertisements feature them prominently, often contrasting the white earphones (and cords) with people shown as dark silhouettes. The original earphones came with the first generation iPod. They were revised to be smaller after Apple received complaints of the earbuds being too large. The revised earphones were shipped with second through early fifth generation iPods, the iPod mini, and the first generation nanos. The earbuds were revised again in 2006, featuring an even smaller and more streamlined design. This third type was shipped with late fifth generation iPods and the second generation nanos. All first generation iPod shuffles and the second generation up until January 30 2007 (when color models were introduced) had the second kind; those that shipped after that date had the third kind.

In 2005, New York's Metropolitan Transportation Authority placed advertisements on the subways warning passengers that "Earphones are a giveaway. Protect your device",<ref>Dianner. Earphones are a giveaway, Flickr, 2005-07-21. Retrieved on 2007-02-11.</ref> after iPod thefts on the subway rose from zero in 2004 to 50 in the first three months of 2005.<ref>MacMillan, Robert. Somebody Out There Wants Your iPod, Washington Post, 2005-04-28. Retrieved on 2007-02-11.</ref>

BMW released the first iPod automobile interface,<ref>iPod Your BMW. Retrieved on 2007-02-17.</ref> allowing drivers of newer BMW vehicles to control their iPod using either the built-in steering wheel controls or the radio head-unit buttons. Apple announced in 2005 that similar systems would be available for other vehicle brands, including Mercedes-Benz,<ref>Apple & Mercedes-Benz Unveil iPod Integration Kit, Apple Inc., 2005-01-11. Retrieved on 2006-06-20.</ref> Volvo,<ref>Apple & Volvo Announce iPod Connectivity For Entire 2005 US Model Line, Apple Inc., 2005-01-11. Retrieved on 2006-06-20.</ref> Nissan, Alfa Romeo, Ferrari,<ref>Apple & Leading Car Companies Team Up to Deliver iPod Integration in 2005, Apple Inc., 2005-01-11. Retrieved on 2006-06-20.</ref> Acura, Audi, Honda,<ref>Honda Music Link for iPods, Honda. Retrieved on 2007-02-17.</ref> Renault and Volkswagen.<ref>Apple Teams Up With Acura, Audi, Honda & Volkswagen to Deliver Seamless iPod Experience, Apple Inc., 2005-09-07. Retrieved on 2006-06-20.</ref> Scion offers standard iPod connectivity on all their cars.

Some independent stereo manufacturers including JVC, Pioneer, Kenwood, Alpine, Sony, and Harman Kardon also have iPod-specific integration solutions. Alternative connection methods include adaptor kits (that use the cassette deck or the CD changer port), audio input jacks, and FM transmitters such as the iTrip — although personal FM transmitters are illegal in some countries. Many car manufacturers have added audio input jacks as standard.<ref>Car Integration: iPod your car, Apple Inc.. Retrieved on 2007-02-17.</ref>

Beginning in mid-2007, four major airlines, United, Continental, Delta, and Emirates reached agreements to install iPod seat connections. The free service will allow passengers to power and charge their iPod, and view their video and music libraries on individual seat-back displays.<ref>Apple Teams Up With Continental, Delta, Emirates, & United to deliver iPod Integration, Apple Inc., 2006-11-14. Retrieved on 2006-12-07.</ref> Originally KLM and Air France were reported to be part of the deal with Apple, but they later released statements explaining that they were only contemplating the possibility of incorporating such systems.<ref>Marsal, Katie. Two of six airlines say there's no ink on iPod deal, AppleInsider, 2006-11-15. Retrieved on 2006-12-07.</ref>

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Battery issues

The advertised battery life on most models is different from the real-world achievable life. For example, the fifth generation 30 GB iPod is advertised as having up to 14 hours of music playback. An MP3.com report stated that this was virtually unachievable under real-life usage conditions, with a writer for MP3.com getting on average less than 8 hours from his or her iPod.<ref>MP3 Insider: The truth about your battery life, mp3.com, 2006-03-13. Retrieved on 2006-07-10.</ref> In 2003, class action lawsuits were brought against Apple complaining that the battery charges lasted for shorter lengths of time than stated and that the battery degraded over time.<ref>Apple investigates iPod batteries, BBC News, 2004-02-10. Retrieved on 2007-03-20.</ref> The lawsuits were settled by offering individuals either US$50 store credit or a free battery replacement.<ref>Horwitz, Jeremy. Apple’s iPod Battery Settlement, Explained, iLounge, 2005-06-10. Retrieved on 2006-08-27.</ref>

iPod batteries are not designed to be removed or replaced by the user, although some users have been able to open the case themselves, usually following instructions from third-party vendors of iPod replacement batteries. Compounding the problem, Apple initially would not replace worn-out batteries. The official policy was that the customer should buy a refurbished replacement iPod, at a cost almost equivalent to a brand new one. All lithium-ion batteries eventually lose capacity during their lifetime<ref>The Curse of Lithium Ion Batteries, MP3 Newswire, 2006-01-06. Retrieved on 2006-11-30.</ref> (guidelines are available for prolonging life-span) and this situation led to a small market for third-party battery replacement kits.

Apple announced a battery replacement program on November 14, 2003, a week before<ref>iPod Battery FAQ. Retrieved on 2006-11-26.</ref> a high publicity stunt and website by the Neistat Brothers.<ref>Neistat, Casey. A Message From the Neistat Brothers, 2003-11-20. Retrieved on 2007-02-17.</ref> The initial cost was US$99,<ref>Apple offers iPod battery replacement service, MacMinute, 2003-11-14. Retrieved on 2006-11-26.</ref> and it was lowered to US$59 in 2005. One week later, Apple offered an extended iPod warranty for US$59.<ref>AppleCare for iPod now available, MacMinute, 2003-11-21. Retrieved on 2006-11-26.</ref> For the iPod nano, soldering tools are needed because the battery is soldered onto the main board. Fifth generation iPods have their battery attached to the backplate with adhesive.<ref>Ecker, Clint. Vivisection of the Video iPod, Ars Technica, 2005-10-19. Retrieved on 2006-11-26.</ref><ref>Disassemble Guide for Video iPod. Retrieved on 2006-11-26.</ref>

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Bass response

The third generation iPod had a weak bass response, as shown in audio tests.<ref>Machrone, Bill. iPod audio measurements, PC Magazine. Retrieved on 2007-02-17.</ref><ref>Heijligers, Marc. iPod audio measurements. Retrieved on 2007-02-17.</ref> The combination of the undersized DC-blocking capacitors and the typical low-impedance of most consumer headphones form a high-pass filter, which attenuates the low-frequency bass output. Similar capacitors were used in the fourth generation iPods.<ref>Heijligers, Marc. iPod circuit design engineering, May 2006. Retrieved on 2007-02-17.</ref> The problem is reduced when using high-impedance headphones and is completely masked when driving high-impedance (line level) loads, such as an external headphone amplifier. The first generation iPod shuffle uses a dual-transistor output stage[citation needed] rather than a single capacitor-coupled output, and does not exhibit reduced bass response for any load.

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Models

The iPod has been upgraded many times, and each significant revision is called a "generation". Only the most recent (highest numbered) generation and refurbished units of previous generations of the iPod is available from Apple for each model (classic, nano, shuffle, touch). Each new generation usually has more features and refinements while typically being physically smaller and lighter than its predecessor, while usually (but not always) retaining the older model's price tag. Notable changes include the touch-sensitive click wheel replacing the mechanical scroll wheel, use of color displays, and flash memory replacing hard disks.

Model Generation Image Capacity Connection Original release date Minimum OS to sync Rated battery life (hours)
classic first Image:Ipod 1G.png 5, 10 GB FireWire 23 October 2001 Mac: 9, 10.1 audio: 10
First model, with mechanical scroll wheel. 10 GB model released later.
second Image:Ipod 2G.png 10, 20 GB FireWire 17 July 2002 Mac: 10.1
Win: 2000 		audio: 10
Touch-sensitive wheel. FireWire port had a cover. Hold switch revised. Windows compatibility through Musicmatch.
third Image:Ipod backlight transparent.png 10, 15, 20, 30, 40 GB FireWire (USB for syncing only) 28 April 2003 Mac: 10.1
Win: 2000 		audio: 8
First complete redesign with all-touch interface, dock connector, and slimmer case. Musicmatch support dropped with later release of iTunes 4.1 for Windows.
fourth
(photo) (color) 		Image:IPod4G.jpg 20, 40 GB FireWire or USB 19 July 2004 Mac: 10.2
Win: 2000 		audio: 12
Adopted Click Wheel from iPod mini.
Image:IPodphoto4G 1.png photo:
30, 40, 60 GB 		FireWire or USB 26 October, 2004 Mac: 10.2
Win: 2000 		audio: 15
slideshow: 5
color:
20, 60 GB 		28 June, 2005
Premium spin-off of 4G iPod with color screen and picture viewing. Later re-integrated into main iPod line.
fifth Image:Ipod 5th Generation white rotated.png 30, 60, 80 GB USB (FireWire for charging only) 12 October 2005 Mac: 10.3
Win: 2000 		30 GB
audio: 14
video: 2
(later 3.5) 		60/80 GB
audio: 20
video: 3/6.5
Second full redesign with a slimmer case, and larger screen with video playback. Offered in black or white.
sixth Image:IPod classic cropped.png 80, 160 GB USB (FireWire for charging only) 5 September 2007 Mac: 10.4 Win: XP 80 GB
audio: 30
video: 5 		160 GB
audio: 40
video: 7
Introduced the "classic" suffix. New interface and anodized aluminum front plate. Silver replaces white.
mini
(replaced by nano) 		first Image:Green ipodmini 1stgen.jpg 4 GB USB or FireWire 6 January 2004 Mac: 10.1
Win: 2000 		audio: 8
New smaller model, available in 5 colors. Introduced the "Click Wheel".
second Image:Green ipodmini 2ndgen.jpg 4, 6 GB USB or FireWire 22 February 2005 Mac: 10.2
Win: 2000 		audio: 18
Brighter color variants with longer battery life. Click Wheel lettering matched body color. Gold color discontinued. Later replaced by iPod nano.
nano first Image:IPod Nano in its Dock.png 1, 2, 4 GB USB (FireWire for charging only) 7 September 2005 Mac: 10.3
Win: 2000 		audio: 14
slideshow: 4
Replaced mini. Available in black or white and used flash memory. Color screen for picture viewing. 1 GB version released later.
second Image:Blue iPod Nano.jpg 2, 4, 8 GB USB (FireWire for charging only) 12 September 2006 Mac: 10.3
Win: 2000 		audio: 24
slideshow: 5
Anodized aluminum casing and 6 colors available.
third Image:IPod nano 3g black.jpg 4, 8 GB USB (FireWire for charging only) 5 September 2007 Mac: 10.4
Win: XP 		audio: 24
video: 5
2" QVGA screen, colors refreshed with chrome back, new interface, video capability.
shuffle first Image:Ipod Shuffle rotated transparent.png 512 MB, 1 GB USB
(no adaptor required) 		11 January 2005 Mac: 10.2
Win: 2000 		audio: 12
New entry-level model. Uses flash memory and has no screen.
second Image:IPod Shuffle Crop.jpg 1 GB USB 12 September 2006 Mac: 10.3
Win: 2000 		audio: 12
Smaller clip design with anodized aluminum casing. 4 color options added later. Colors were later refreshed.
touch first Image:IPod touch no BG.png 8, 16 GB USB (FireWire for charging only) 5 September 2007 Mac: 10.4
Win: XP 		audio: 22
video: 5
With Safari browser, Multi-touch, Wi-Fi, and wireless access to the iTunes Store and YouTube.
Sources: Apple Inc. model database,<ref>Identifying iPod models, retrieved October 31, 2007.</ref> Mactracker.<ref name=Mactracker>Mactracker (mactracker.ca), Apple Inc. model database, version as of July 26, 2007.</ref>

The software bundled with the first generation iPod was Macintosh-only, so Windows users had to use third-party software like ephPod or XPlay to manage their music. When Apple introduced the second generation of iPods in July 2002, they sold two versions, one that included iTunes for Macintosh users and another that included Musicmatch Jukebox for Windows users.<ref>Apple Unveils New iPods, Apple Inc., 2002-07-17. Retrieved on 2007-02-19.</ref> In October 2003, Apple released the Windows version of iTunes,<ref>Apple Launches iTunes for Windows, Apple Inc., 2003-10-16. Retrieved on 2006-11-26.</ref> and started selling iPods that included both Macintosh and Windows versions of iTunes so that they could be used with either platform. Current iPods no longer ship with iTunes, which must be downloaded from Apple's website.

In December 2002, Apple unveiled its first limited edition iPods, with either Madonna’s, Tony Hawk’s, or Beck’s signature or No Doubt's band logo engraved on the back for an extra US$50.<ref>Dalrymple, Jim. Limited Edition Madonna, Tony Hawk, Beck iPods. Macworld, 2002-09-10. Retrieved on 2007-01-07.</ref> On October 26 2004, Apple introduced a special edition of its fourth generation monochrome iPod, designed in the color scheme of the album How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb by Irish rock band U2. It had a black case with a red click wheel and the back had the engraved signatures of U2's band members. This iPod was updated alongside the iPod photo and fifth generation iPod.

On October 13 2006, Apple released a special edition 4 GB red iPod nano as part of the (PRODUCT)RED campaign. An 8 GB version was released three weeks later and both of them sold for the same price as the standard models. US$10 from each sale is donated to The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis & Malaria. On September 5, 2007, Apple also added a (PRODUCT)RED iPod shuffle model. They did not disclose how much will be donated to charity from this model. Apple also released Special Edition Harry Potter iPods to accompany the iPod photo. These were engraved with the Hogwarts Crest on the back and were only available to purchasers of the Harry Potter audiobooks. They were updated when the fifth generation iPods were released, but were only available for a limited time.

Modèle:Timeline of iPod models

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Reliability and durability

iPods have been criticized for their short life-span, fragile hard drives, and planned obsolescence.<ref>Baca, Ricardo. When iPods go bad, Denver Post, 2006-07-18. Retrieved on 2007-01-17.</ref><ref>Slade, Giles. The iPod Is Bad Garbage, Tyee Books, 2006-08-01. Retrieved on 2007-01-17.</ref> A 2005 survey conducted on the MacInTouch website found that the iPod had an average failure rate of 13.7%. It concluded that some models were more durable than others.<ref>iPod Reliability Survey, MacInTouch, 2005-11-28. Retrieved on 2006-10-29.</ref> In particular, failure rates for iPods employing hard drives was usually above 20% while those with flash memory had a failure rate below 10%, indicating poor hard drive durability. In late 2005, many users complained that the surface of the first generation iPod nano can become scratched easily, rendering the screen unusable.<ref>Apple responds to iPod nano screen concerns, Macworld, 2005-09-27. Retrieved on 2007-02-17.</ref><ref>Arthur, Charles. iPod Nano owners in screen scratch trauma, The Register, 2005-09-25. Retrieved on 2007-02-17.</ref> A class action lawsuit was also filed.<ref>Fried, Ina. Suit filed over Nano scratches, CNet News, 2005-10-21. Retrieved on 2007-02-17.</ref> Apple initially considered the issue a minor defect, but later began shipping these iPods with protective sleeves.

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Allegations of worker exploitation

On June 11 2006, the British newspaper Mail on Sunday reported that iPods are mainly manufactured by workers who earn no more than US$50 per month and work 15-hour shifts.<ref>Inside Apple's iPod factories, Macworld UK, 2006-06-12. Retrieved on 2007-03-20.</ref> Apple investigated the case with independent auditors and found that, while some of the plant's labour practices met Apple's Code of Conduct, others did not: Employees worked over 60 hours a week for 35% of the time, and worked more than six consecutive days for 25% of the time.<ref>Millard, Elizabeth. Is It Ethical To Own an iPod?. Retrieved on 2007-03-20.</ref>

Foxconn, Apple's manufacturer, initially denied the abuses<ref>Foxconn denies iPod 'sweatshop' claims, MacNN, 2006-06-19. Retrieved on 2007-02-17.</ref>, but when an auditing team from Apple found that workers had been working longer hours than were allowed under Chinese law, they promised to prevent workers working more hours than the Code allowed. Apple hired a workplace standards auditing company, Verité, and joined the Electronic Industry Code of Conduct Implementation Group to oversee the measures. On December 31 2006, workers at the Longhua, Shenzhen factory (owned by Foxconn) formed a union. The union is affiliated with the Chinese government-controlled All-China Federation of Trade Unions.<ref>Bodeen, Chistopher. Official Union Forms at Taiwanese Plant, Forbes, 2007-01-17. Retrieved on 2007-02-17.</ref>

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Patent disputes

In 2005, Apple faced two lawsuits claiming patent infringement by the iPod and its associated technologies:<ref>Apple faces patent lawsuits over its iPod, ChannelRegister, 2005-03-10. Retrieved on 2007-02-17.</ref> Advanced Audio Devices claimed the iPod breached its patent on a "music jukebox",<ref>U.S. Patent 6,587,403 — Advanced Audio Devices' "music jukebox" patent.</ref> while a Hong Kong-based IP portfolio company called Pat-rights filed a suit claiming that Apple's FairPlay technology breached a patent<ref>U.S. Patent 6,665,797 — "Protection of software again against unauthorized use" (corrected to "Computer Apparatus/Software Access Control").</ref> issued to inventor Ho Keung Tse. The latter case also includes the online music stores of Sony, RealNetworks, Napster, and Musicmatch as defendants.<ref>Apple, Sony among those named in new DRM lawsuit, AppleInsider, 2005-08-16. Retrieved on 2007-02-17.</ref>

Apple's application to the United States Patent and Trademark Office for a patent on "rotational user inputs",<ref>U.S. patent application 20030095096 Apple's application on "rotational user inputs".</ref> as used on the iPod's interface, received a third "non-final rejection" (NFR) in August 2005. Also in August 2005, Creative Technology, one of Apple's main rivals in the MP3 player market, announced that it held a patent<ref>U.S. Patent 6,928,433 Creative Technology's "Zen" patent.</ref> on part of the music selection interface used by the iPod, which Creative dubbed the "Zen Patent", granted on August 9, 2005.<ref>Creative wins MP3 player patent, BBC News, 2005-08-30. Retrieved on 2007-02-17.</ref> On May 15 2006, Creative filed another suit against Apple with the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. Creative also asked the United States International Trade Commission to investigate whether Apple was breaching U.S. trade laws by importing iPods into the United States.<ref>Creative sues Apple over patent, Macworld UK, 2006-05-16. Retrieved on 2007-03-20.</ref>

On August 24 2006, Apple and Creative announced a broad settlement to end their legal disputes. Apple will pay Creative US$100 million for a paid-up license, to use Creative's awarded patent in all Apple products. As part of the agreement, Apple will recoup part of its payment, if Creative is successful in licensing the patent. Creative then announced its intention to produce iPod accessories by joining the Made for iPod program.<ref>Apple & Creative Announce Broad Settlement..., , Apple Inc.. Retrieved on 2007-02-17.</ref>

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Sales

Image:Ipod sales.svg‎
iPod quarterly sales. Click for table of data and sources.

Modèle:See also October 2004, the iPod has dominated digital music player sales in the United States, with over 90% of the market for hard drive-based players and over 70% of the market for all types of players.<ref>Marsal, Katie. iPod: how big can it get?, AppleInsider, 2006-05-24. Retrieved on 2007-02-17.</ref> During the year from January 2004 to January 2005, the high rate of sales caused its U.S. market share to increase from 31% to 65% and in July 2005, this market share was measured at 74%. In January of 2007 the iPod market share reached 72.7% according to Bloomberg Online.

The release of the iPod mini helped to ensure this success at a time when competing flash-based music players were once dominant.<ref>jomy Apple Computer (presentation slides), 2005-10-18. Retrieved on 2006-05-25.</ref> On January 8 2004, Hewlett-Packard (HP) announced that they would sell HP-branded iPods under a license agreement from Apple. Several new retail channels were used—including Wal-Mart—and these iPods eventually made up 5% of all iPod sales. In July 2005, HP stopped selling iPods due to unfavorable terms and conditions imposed by Apple.<ref>HP to stop selling Apple's iPods, AppleInsider, 2005-07-29. Retrieved on 2007-08-06.</ref>

In January 2007, Apple reported record quarterly revenue of US$7.1 billion, of which 48% was made from iPod sales.<ref>Apple Reports First Quarter Results, Apple Inc., 2007-01-17. Retrieved on 2007-02-17.</ref>

On April 9 2007, it was announced that Apple had sold its one-hundred millionth iPod, making it the biggest selling digital music player of all time. In April 2007, Apple reported second quarter revenue of US$5.2 billion, of which 32% was made from iPod sales.<ref>Apple Reports Second Quarter Results, Apple Inc.. Retrieved on 2007-04-25.</ref> Apple and several industry analysts suggest that iPod users are likely to purchase other Apple products such as Mac computers.<ref>Orlowski, Andrew. For Apple, Halo effect eclipses Osborne effect, The Register, 2005-10-11. Retrieved on 2006-07-13.</ref>

On September 5, 2007, during their "The Beat Goes On" event, Apple announced that the iPod had surpassed 110 million units sold.

On October 22, 2007, Apple reported quarterly revenue of US$6.22 billion, of which 30.69% came from Apple notebook sales, 19.22% from desktop sales and 26% from iPod sales. Apple's 2007 year revenue increased to US$24.01 billion with US$3.5 billion in profits. Apple ended the fiscal year 2007 with US$15.4 billion in cash and no debt.<ref>Apple Reports Fourth Quarter 2007 Results, Apple Inc., 2007-10-22. Retrieved on 2007-10-22.</ref>

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Industry impact

iPods have won several awards ranging from engineering excellence,<ref>iPod and Bluetooth lead to prizes, BBC News, 2005-06-03. Retrieved on 2007-03-20.</ref> to most innovative audio product,<ref>The 25 Most Innovative Products of the Year, PC World. Retrieved on 2007-02-17.</ref> to fourth best computer product of 2006.<ref>Apple wins 5 'World Class' awards, MacNN. Retrieved on 2007-02-17.</ref> iPods often receive favorable reviews; scoring on looks, clean design, and ease of use. PC World says that iPods have "altered the landscape for portable audio players".<ref name="pcworld25"> The 25 Most Innovative Products of the Year 

. PC World 
 
 (2007-08-03)

.</ref> Several industries are modifying their products to work better with both the iPod and the AAC audio format. Examples include CD copy-protection schemes,<ref>Apple, iPod, and CD Copy Protection, MacRumors. Retrieved on 2007-02-17.</ref> and mobile phones, such as phones from Sony Ericsson and Nokia, which play AAC files rather than WMA. Microsoft's Zune device also supports AAC and it has adopted a similar closed DRM model used by iPods and the iTunes Store, despite Microsoft previously marketing the benefits of choice with their PlaysForSure initiative. Podcasts and download charts have also had mainstream adoption.

In addition to its reputation as a respected entertainment device, the iPod has also become accepted as a business device. Government departments, major institutions and international organisations have turned to the iPod as a delivery mechanism for business communication and training, such as the Royal and Western Infirmaries in Glasgow, Scotland where iPods are used to train new staff.<ref>Hospitals train staff with iPods, BBC News, 2006-03-29. Retrieved on 2007-06-16.</ref>

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See also

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References

<references />
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External links

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