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Rage Against the Machine

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-{{Infobox Musique (artiste)+{{Infobox musical artist
- | charte couleur = groupe+| Name = Rage Against the Machine
-|Nom=Rage Against the Machine+| Img = RATM at Coachella.jpg
-|Image = [[Image:Flag of the EZLN.svg|125px]]+| Img_capt = [[Tom Morello]] <small>(left)</small> and [[Zack de la Rocha]] performing with Rage Against the Machine at [[Coachella]] 2007
-|Légende = Drapeau de l'[[Armée zapatiste de libération nationale|EZLN]], que le groupe arbore régulièrement pendant ses concerts.+| Landscape = yes
-|Pays = {{flagicon|USA}} [[États-Unis]]+| Background = group_or_band
-|Années d’activité = [[1990]] - [[septembre]] [[2000]]{{-}}[[2007]] - Présent+| Alias =
-|GenreMusical = [[Fusion (rock)|Fusion]] <br /> [[Funk metal]] <br />[[Metal alternatif]] <br />[[Rapcore]]+| Origin = [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles]], [[California]], [[United States|USA]]
-|Label = [[Epic Records]]+| Genre = <!-- TO AVOID GENRE WARRING PLEASE EDIT THIS ONLY IF YOU HAVE A SOURCE -->[[Alternative metal]]<ref name="allmusic">[http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=11:kpfpxqw5ldje~T1 All Music Guide entry for Rage Against the Machine] retrieved [[May 3]], [[2007]]</ref><br>[[Alternative rock]]<ref name="allmusic"/><br>[[Funk metal]]<ref name="real.com">[http://uk.real.com/music/artist/Rage_Against_the_Machine Real.com entry for Rage Against the Machine] retrieved [[July 27]], [[2007]]</ref><br>[[Rapcore]]<ref name="allmusic"/>
-|SiteOfficiel = [http://www.ratm.com www.ratm.com]+| Years_active = 1991&ndash;2000<br />2007&ndash;present<!-- Tour dates ranging from October 07 to January 08 have all been confirmed. Until it is officially stated by the band, or another reliable source, that those shows will be their last, they are considered curentlly active. -->
-|Membres = [[Zack de La Rocha]] </br> [[Tom Morello]] </br> [[Tim Commerford]] </br> [[Brad Wilk]]+| Label = [[Epic Records|Epic]]
-|Ex-Membres = +| Associated_acts = [[Audioslave]]<br/>[[Inside Out]]<br />[[Lock Up (US band)|Lock Up]]<br />[[The Nightwatchman]]<br/>[[Class of '99]]<br/>[[Electric Sheep (band)|Electric Sheep]]
-|Entourage = +| URL = [http://www.ratm.com/ www.ratm.com]
-}}{{Son|« ''Know Your Enemy'' » l'un des singles de l'album éponyme.|Rage Again The Machine.ogg}}+| Current_members = [[Zack de la Rocha]]<br />[[Tom Morello]]<br />[[Tim Commerford]]<br />[[Brad Wilk]]
-'''Rage Against the Machine''' (''alias'' Rage ou RATM) est un groupe de [[fusion (rock)|fusion]] mélangeant le [[Rock 'n' roll|rock]], le [[rap]] et le [[funk]], originaire des [[États-Unis]] formé en [[1990 en musique|1990]] par [[Tom Morello]] et [[Zack de La Rocha]]. Avec l'arrivée de [[Tim Commerford]] et [[Brad Wilk]], le groupe va marquer les [[années 1990]] jusqu'à sa dissolution en [[2000 en musique|2000]]<ref>[http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=11:8kdjvwnva9rk~T1 Une courte biographie de RATM]</ref>. Le groupe se reforme en janvier [[2007 en musique|2007]] pour le festival de [[Vallée de Coachella|Coachella]]<ref>{{en}} [http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/music/la-et-coachella22jan22,1,6747076.story?track=rss&ctrack=1&cset=true RATM se reforme pour le festival de Coachella 2007]</ref>soit un an avant l’élection présidentielle américaine.+| Past_members =
 +}}
-Le groupe se caractérise principalement par la rythmique des paroles signées de La Rocha, les effets de guitare de Morello et les prises de position politique dans et en-dehors de la sphère musicale (contre le [[racisme]], le [[capitalisme]] et la [[mondialisation]]). Plutôt orienté vers l’extrême gauche<ref>{{es}} [http://www.geocities.com/revistacaleta/rage.htm Un article sur l’engagement politique du groupe]</ref>, RATM est connu pour ses nombreuses revendications et son appui à différents mouvements de revendication sociaux et musicaux.+'''Rage Against the Machine''' is an [[United States|American]] [[Rock music|rock]] band formed in {{city-state|Los Angeles|California}} in 1991. The band's continual members have been [[Singer|vocalist]] [[Zack de la Rocha]], [[guitarist]] [[Tom Morello]], [[bassist]] [[Tim Commerford]] and [[drummer]] [[Brad Wilk]]. Rage Against the Machine is noted for its blend of [[hip hop music|hip hop]], [[heavy metal music|heavy metal]], [[punk rock|punk]] and [[funk]] as well as its revolutionary politics and [[lyrics]]. Rage Against the Machine drew inspiration from early [[heavy metal music|metal]] instrumentation, as well as rap acts such as [[Public Enemy (band)|Public Enemy]] and [[Afrika Bambaataa]]. The group's music is based primarily on de la Rocha's rhyming styles and Morello's unusual guitar techniques.
-== Membres du groupe ==+Rage Against the Machine released their debut album ''[[Rage Against the Machine (album)|Rage Against the Machine]]'' in 1992, which became a commercial success. Following a slot on the 1993 [[Lollapalooza]], the band did not release a follow-up record until ''[[Evil Empire (album)|Evil Empire]]'' in 1996. The band's third album ''[[The Battle of Los Angeles (album)|The Battle of Los Angeles]]'' was released in 1999. During their initial nine year run, they became one of the most popular and influential political bands in contemporary music.<ref name="Devenish">Devenish, Colin (2001), ''Rage Against the Machine'': [[St. Martin's Press|St. Martin's Griffin]] ISBN 0-312-27316-6</ref>
-<small>[[Image:Searchtool.svg|15px]] Pour plus d’informations sur les membres du groupe, leurs collaborations à d’autres projets et leurs productions solo, se référer aux articles détaillés les concernant.</small>+
-Rage Against the Machine s'est toujours articulé autour des mêmes quatre membres, pour une formation du type ''[[power trio]]'' étendu très classique dans les différents genres du [[rock]] :+The band released their fourth studio album ''[[Renegades (album)|Renegades]]'' in 2000 and broke up shortly afterwards. Zack de la Rocha started a low-key solo career; the rest of the band formed the rock [[supergroup]] [[Audioslave]] with former [[Soundgarden]] frontman [[Chris Cornell]]. In April 2007 Rage Against the Machine performed together for the first time in seven years at the [[Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival]]. The band has continued to perform at multiple live venues since.
-* '''[[Zack de La Rocha]]''' : [[chant]]+
-* '''[[Tom Morello]]''' : [[guitare électrique]]+
-* '''[[Tim Commerford]]''' : [[guitare basse|basse]]+
-* '''[[Brad Wilk]]''' : [[Batterie (musique)|batterie]]+
-== Histoire ==+==History==
-=== La naissance ===+=== Early years (1991–1992) ===
 +In 1991, guitarist [[Tom Morello]] left his old band, [[Lock Up (US band)|Lock Up]], looking to start another band. Morello was in a club in L.A where [[Zack de la Rocha]] was free-style rapping. Morello was impressed by de la Rocha's lyric books, and asked him to be the vocalist in a band. Morello called and drafted drummer [[Brad Wilk]], who had previously auditioned for [[Lock Up]], while de la Rocha convinced his childhood friend [[Tim Commerford]] to join as bassist. The newly christened Rage Against the Machine named themselves after a song de la Rocha had written for his former popular underground [[Hardcore punk|Hardcore]] band, [[Inside Out]] (also to be the title of the unrecorded ''[[Inside Out]]'' full-length album).<ref>Myers, Ben ([[October 16]], [[1999]]), [http://www.musicfanclubs.org/rage/articles/kerrang1099.htm Hello, Hello... ...It's Good To Be Back], ''[[Kerrang!]]''. Retrieved [[February 27]], [[2007]].</ref> [[Kent McClard]], with whom [[Inside Out]] were associated, had previously coined the phrase in a 1989 article in his [[zine]] ''[[No Answers]]''.<ref>[[Kent McClard|McClard, Kent]], [http://www.ebullition.com/catalog.html#5 History] of Ebullition Records. Retrieved [[February 19]], [[2007]]</ref>
-Les origines de RATM remontent à l’époque où [[Zack de la Rocha]] et [[Tim Commerford]] allaient à l’école. Il se rencontrent et deviennent amis quand le premier apprend à l’autre comment voler de la nourriture à la cantine. Zack de la Rocha cultive alors un profond intérêt pour la [[musique]], qu’il finit par transmettre à son ami Tim, qui commence par jouer de la [[Guitare basse|basse]]. Par ailleurs, Zack de la Rocha entretient des relations avec le milieu rock de [[Huntington Beach]], en [[Californie]], et il commence à jouer de la [[guitare]] avec un groupe appelé « Hardstance », puis il rejoint [[Inside Out]].+Shortly after forming, they gave their first public performance in [[Orange County, California]], where a friend of Commerford's was holding a house party. The blueprint for the group's major-label debut album was laid on a twelve-song self-released cassette, the cover image of which was the stock-market with a single match taped to the inlay card. Not all 12 songs made it onto the final album—two were eventually included as [[A-side and B-side|B-sides]], with the remaining three songs never seeing an official release.<ref>{{cite web | last = Woodlief | first = Mark | title = Rage Against the Machine | publisher = [[TrouserPress.com]] | url = http://www.trouserpress.com/entry.php?a=rage_against_the_machine | accessdate = 2007-01-07}}</ref>
-[[Image:Map of USA highlighting California.png|thumb|La [[Californie]], l’État américain où le groupe fit ses débuts.]]+Several record labels expressed interest, and the band eventually signed with [[Epic Records]]. Morello said, "Epic agreed to everything we asked—and they've followed through.… We never saw a[n] [ideological] conflict as long as we maintained creative control."<ref name="officialfaq">[http://web.archive.org/web/20060526032423/http://www.ratm.de/faq/ragefaq.html Rage Against the Machine FAQ], [[Internet Archive]] cache of FAQ on the official Rage Against the Machine website. Retrieved [[February 17]], [[2007]]</ref>
-Pendant ce temps, [[Tom Morello]] joue de la guitare à Libertyville, dans l’[[Illinois]], dans divers groupes de [[rock garage|garage rock]] comme Electric Sheep, avec le guitariste de [[Tool]], [[Adam Jones (guitariste)|Adam Jones]]. Tom Morello finit par se rendre à [[Los Angeles]], persuadé que c’est l’endroit idéal pour former un véritable groupe de rock. Dans un club de rap, il assiste à une prestation de Zack de la Rocha. Dès qu’il parvient à saisir le sens des paroles, Tom Morello adhère immédiatement aux idées qu’elles portent. Ensuite, Tom Morello rencontre [[Brad Wilk]], qui a répondu à une annonce disant qu’un groupe cherchait un [[Batterie (musique)|batteur]]. Zack de la Rocha appelle son vieil ami Tim Commerford : les choses sérieuses peuvent alors commencer.+===Mainstream success (1992–2000)===
 +[[Image:Pochoir Killing in the Name.JPG|left|thumb|Lyrics from RATM's debut single, "[[Killing in the Name]]", appear throughout popular culture.]]
 +{{Sound sample box align right|Music sample:}}
 +{{Listen|filename=Know Your Enemy.ogg|title="Know Your Enemy"|description=Sample of "[[Know Your Enemy (song)|Know Your Enemy]]" from the band's eponymous debut album (1992).|format=[[Ogg]]}}
 +{{sample box end}}
 +The band's debut album, ''[[Rage Against the Machine (album)|Rage Against the Machine]]'', reached [[RIAA certification|triple platinum]] status, driven by heavy radio play of the song "[[Killing in the Name]]", a heavy, driving track repeating six lines of lyrics. The uncensored version, which contains 17 iterations of the word ''[[fuck]]'', was once notoriously played on the [[BBC Radio 1]] [[UK Singles Chart|Top 40 singles]] show.<ref>{{cite web | last=Robinson | first=John | date=[[January 29]], [[2000]] | title=The Revolution Will Not be Trivialised | work=[[NME]] | url=http://www.musicfanclubs.org/rage/articles/trivialized.htm | accessdate=2007-02-19}}</ref> The album's cover pictured [[Thích Quảng Đức]], a [[Vietnamese people|Vietnamese]] [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] monk, [[self-immolation|burning himself to death]] in [[Saigon]] in 1963 in protest of the murder of Buddhists by [[Prime Minister of Vietnam|Prime Minister]] [[Ngo Dinh Diem|Ngô Đình Diệm]]'s regime. To promote the album and its core message of [[social justice]] and [[Social equality|equality]], the band went on tour, playing at [[Lollapalooza]] 1993 and as support for [[Suicidal Tendencies]] in Europe.
-===1991-1992 : Les débuts===+After their debut album, the band appeared on the soundtrack for the film ''[[Higher Learning]]'' with the song "Year of tha Boomerang". An early version of "[[Tire Me]]" would also appear during the movie. Subsequently, they recorded an original song, "Darkness", for the soundtrack of ''[[The Crow (film)|The Crow]]'' and also "[[No Shelter]]" appeared on the ''[[Godzilla (1998 film)|Godzilla]]'' soundtrack.
 +{{Sound sample box align right|Music sample:}}
 +{{Listen|filename=Rage Against the Machine - Bulls on Parade (sample).ogg|title="Bulls on Parade"|description=Sample of "[[Bulls on Parade]]" from ''[[Evil Empire]]'' (1996) featuring an innovative, hip-hop influenced guitar solo by guitarist Tom Morello.|format=[[Ogg]]}}
 +{{sample box end}}
 +Rage Against The Machine's second album, ''[[Evil Empire (album)|Evil Empire]]'', entered Billboard's Top 200 chart at number one in 1996. The song "[[Bulls on Parade]]" was performed on ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' in April 1996. Their planned two-song performance was cut to one song when the band attempted to hang inverted American flags from their amplifiers (a sign of distress or great danger), a protest against having Republican presidential candidate [[Steve Forbes]] as guest host on the program that night.
-La première représentation du groupe se fait dans un garage, chez un des amis de Tim Commerford, à Huntington Beach. Les quatre musiciens jouent seulement cinq chansons, qu’ils ont écrites, mais leurs amis les apprécient tellement qu'ils doivent les rejouer plusieurs fois. Ils décident alors de se lancer dans la cour des grands, avec une bande de douze chansons enregistrées dans un studio local. Ils commencent à jouer dans des clubs aux alentours de Los Angeles et parviennent à vendre cinq cents copies de leur bande. Ils se font peu à peu leur place dans le milieu musical local et réalisent même la première partie de [[Porno for Pyros]] pour leur premier grand concert. Ils jouent également sur la scène secondaire du ''[[Lollapalooza|Lollapalooza II]]'', à Los Angeles, en tant que « jeunes talents ». Ils finissent par signer un contrat avec [[Epic Records]] (une filiale de [[Sony BMG Music Entertainment|Sony BMG]]) et ils continuent de tourner pendant que leur premier disque, ''[[Rage Against the Machine (album)|Rage Against the Machine]]'', est alors réalisé.+[[Image:RATM - live.jpg|thumb|left|Rage Against The Machine is known for its energetic live shows]]
 +In 1997, the band opened for [[U2]] on their [[PopMart Tour]], for which all Rage's profits went to support social organisations.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A730883 BBC.co.uk h2g2 entry for Rage Against the Machine]</ref> including [[Unite (trade union)|U.N.I.T.E.]] , Women Alive and the [[Zapatista Army of National Liberation|Zapatista Front for National Liberation]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.atu2.com/news/article.src?ID=997&Key=&Year=1997&Cat=2 |title=Rage Against the Machine and U2 Make a Perfect Pairing |accessdate=2007-07-11 |format=newspaper article |work=The State }}</ref> Rage subsequently began an abortive headlining US tour with special guests [[Wu-Tang Clan]]. Police in several jurisdictions unsuccessfully attempted to have the concerts cancelled, citing amongst other reasons, the bands' "violent and anti-law enforcement philosophies".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rwor.org/a/v19/920-29/925/rage.htm |title=Police Censorship Targets Rage |accessdate=2007-07-11 |format=online article |work=Revolutionary Worker #925 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://archives.seattletimes.nwsource.com/cgi-bin/texis.cgi/web/vortex/display?slug=2559779&date=19970911 |title=Judge Gives Go-Ahead For Rage Concert Tomorrow At The Gorge |accessdate=2007-07-11 |format=newspaper article |work=[[Seattle Times]] }}</ref> On the Japan leg of their tour promoting ''Evil Empire'', a [[Bootleg recording|bootleg]] album composed of the band's [[A-side and B-side|B-side]] recordings titled ''[[Live & Rare (album)|Live & Rare]]'' was released by [[Sony Records]]. A live video, also titled ''[[Rage Against the Machine (video)|Rage Against the Machine]]'', was released later the same year.
-[[Zack de La Rocha]] utilise déjà le nom de ''Rage Against the Machine'' (en français, ''Rage envers le Système'') avant la formation du groupe<ref>{{en}} [http://www.geocities.com/SunsetStrip/Alley/4664/htmlfaq.htm#A-1 Questions fréquentes : qu’est-ce que Rage Against the Machine ?] - Site non-officiel</ref>. En effet, De La Rocha faisait partie d’un groupe de [[Rock hardcore|hardcore]], [[Inside Out]], dont l’une des chansons est appelée ainsi. Il était prévu de donner ce nom au deuxième album. Cependant, le groupe se sépare avant. Lorsque [[Zack de La Rocha]] et [[Tom Morello]] forment leur groupe, le nom Rage Against the Machine leur parut le plus adapté au style de musique et aux idées qu’ils souhaitent diffuser. Selon Tom Morello, « The Machine » dont il est question représente des idées comme la [[mondialisation]], le [[néolibéralisme]], le [[racisme]], l’[[élitisme]] et l’[[indifférence]], entre autres.+The following release, ''[[The Battle of Los Angeles (album)|The Battle of Los Angeles]]'' also debuted at number one in 1999, selling 450,000 copies the first week and then going [[RIAA certification|double-platinum]]. That same year the song "[[Wake Up (Rage Against the Machine song)|Wake Up]]" was featured on the soundtrack of the film ''[[The Matrix]]''. The track "[[Calm Like a Bomb]]" was later featured in the film's sequel, 2003's ''[[The Matrix Reloaded]]''. In 2000, the band planned to support the [[Beastie Boys]] on the "Rhyme and Reason" tour; however, the tour was cancelled when Beastie Boys drummer [[Mike D]] suffered a serious injury.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/jessicasimpson/articles/story/5922676/really_randoms_jessica_simpson_oasis |title=Really Randoms: Jessica Simpson, Oasis |accessdate=2007-07-11 |format=magazine article |work=[[Rolling Stone]] }}</ref>
-=== 1992-1994 : La consécration ===+===Break-up and subsequent projects (2000–2006)===
-Le groupe débute alors sa première tournée, avec [[Suicidal Tendencies]], jusqu’à la parution du disque chez Epic en octobre [[1992 en musique|1992]]. Celui-ci a beaucoup de succès dans les charts américains : il reste dans le Top 200 du [[Billboard magazine|magazine Billboard]] pendant 89 semaines. En Europe, c'est le titre « ''Killing in the Name'' » qui révèle le groupe au grand public. Le succès est phénoménal pour un genre plutôt méconnu sur le vieux continent.+On [[October 18]], [[2000]], de la Rocha released a statement announcing his departure from the band. He said, "I feel that it is now necessary to leave Rage because our decision-making process has completely failed. It is no longer meeting the aspirations of all four of us collectively as a band, and from my perspective, has undermined our artistic and political ideal."<ref name="zackquit">{{cite web | last=Armstrong | first=Mark | date=[[October 18]], 2000 | title=Zack de la Rocha Leaves Rage Against the Machine | work=[[MTV News]] | url=http://www.eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=460baa38-4bb2-4eab-9395-22a301d24afb&entry=index | accessdate=2007-02-17}}</ref> The bands final studio album, ''[[Renegades (album)|Renegades]]'', released shortly after the band's dissolution, was a collection of [[cover version|covers]] of artists as diverse as [[Devo]], [[Cypress Hill]], [[Minor Threat]], [[MC5]], [[Bruce Springsteen]] and [[Bob Dylan]]. The following year saw the release of another live video, ''[[The Battle of Mexico City]]'', and 2003 saw the release of a [[live album]] titled ''[[Live at the Grand Olympic Auditorium]]'', an edited recording of the band's final two concerts on September 12 and 13, 2000 at the [[Grand Olympic Auditorium]] in [[Los Angeles]]. It was accompanied by an expanded [[DVD]] release of the last show, and also included the previously unreleased music video for "[[Bombtrack (song)|Bombtrack]]".
 +[[Image:Audioslave 2005.jpg|thumb|Wilk, Commerford and Morello performing with [[Chris Cornell]] as [[Audioslave]] at the [[Montreux Jazz Festival]] in 2005.]]
 +After the group's breakup, Morello, Wilk, and Commerford briefly tried to replace de la Rocha in RATM. Rumoured vocalists at the time included [[Rey Oropeza]] of [[downset.]], [[Chuck D]] of [[Public Enemy]], and [[B-Real]] of [[Cypress Hill]]. However, the band teamed up with former [[Soundgarden]] singer [[Chris Cornell]] to form a new band, [[Audioslave]]. The first Audioslave single, "[[Cochise (song)|Cochise]]", was released in early November 2002, and the debut album, ''[[Audioslave (album)|Audioslave]]'', followed to mainly positive reviews. Their second album ''[[Out of Exile]]'' debuted at the number one position on the Billboard charts in 2005. The band released a third album named ''[[Revelations (album)|Revelations]]'' on [[September 5]], [[2006]]. The band vowed to have a "one-album-per-year" schedule, until the departure of Chris Cornell on [[February 15]], [[2007]].<ref name="cornellquit">{{cite web | last = Harris | first = Chris | title = Chris Cornell Talks Audioslave Split, Nixes Rumors Of Soundgarden Reunion | work = [[MTV News]] |date=[[February 15]], [[2007]] | url = http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1552582/20070215/audioslave.jhtml | accessdate = 2007-02-16}}</ref>
-Ils donnent ensuite plusieurs concerts de soutien à [[Mumia Abu-Jamal]]<ref>{{en}} +Morello began his own solo career in 2003, playing political acoustic [[folk music]] at [[open mike|open-mic nights]] and various clubs under the alias [[The Nightwatchman]]. He first participated in [[Billy Bragg]]'s Tell Us the Truth tour<ref>{{cite web | last=Wiederhorn | first=Jon | title=Tom Morello Rages Against A New Machine On Solo Acoustic Tour | work=[[MTV News]] | date=[[October 22]], 2003 | url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1479880/20031022/audioslave.jhtml | accessdate=2007-02-18}}</ref> with no plans to record,<ref>{{cite web | last=Moss | first=Corey | title=Audioslave's Morello Says New LP Feels Less Like Soundgarden + Rage | work=[[MTV News]] | date=[[July 29]], 2004 | url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1489715/20040726/audioslave.jhtml | accessdate=2007-02-18}}</ref> but later recorded a song for ''[[Songs and Artists that Inspired Fahrenheit 9/11]]'', "No One Left". In February 2007, he announced a solo album, entitled ''[[One Man Revolution]]'', which was released in April 2007.<ref name="firedup">{{cite web | last=Harris | first=Chris | date=[[February 6]], 2007 | title=Nightwatchman, Rage Reunion Have Morello Fired Up For Political Fights | work=[[MTV News]] | url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1551733/20070206/morello_tom.jhtml | accessdate=2007-02-18}}</ref>
-[http://www.urban75.org/archive/news044.html Concert de soutien à Mumia Abu-Jamal]</ref>, [[Leonard Peltier]], la ligue anti-nazi et participent au ''Rock for Choice''. En [[1993 en musique|1993]], ils sont de retour à [[Lollapalooza]] (sur la première scène cette fois). À [[Philadelphie]], leur renommée prend de l’ampleur quand ils protestent contre la [[censure]], en particulier contre [[Parents Music Resource Center]] (PMRC), en restant sur la scène complètement nus pendant 14 minutes. Le lendemain, ils donnent un concert gratuit dans [[Los Angeles]]<ref name=PMRC>[http://membres.lycos.fr/ade/ratm/incident.html La photo sur la scène du Lollapalooza (floutée)]</ref>.+
-[[Image:Mexico.Chis.EZLN.01.jpg|thumb|left|180px|Pancarte sur la route 307 (au [[Chiapas]]), règlement du [[Armée zapatiste de libération nationale|EZLN]] (cette pancarte détruite par les intempéries n'existe plus en nov. 07) ; de la Rocha a séjourné dans cette région au moment de la crise du groupe.]]+
-En décembre [[1993 en musique|1993]], le groupe lance le clip de ''Freedom'' sur les chaînes de télévision en soutien à Leonard Peltier. La vidéo mélange à la fois des extraits de concerts du groupe et du documentaire de 1992, ''Incident at Oglada'', avec des passages du livre de [[Peter Matthiessen]], ''In the Spirit of Crazy Horse''. Le clip devient numéro 1 aux États-Unis.+Meanwhile, de la Rocha had been working on a solo album collaboration with [[DJ Shadow]], [[Company Flow]], and [[The Roots]]' [[?uestlove]],<ref name="zackquit"/> but dropped the project in favor of working with [[Nine Inch Nails]]' [[Trent Reznor]].<ref name="reznor">{{cite web | last = Moss | first = Corey | title = Reznor Says Collabos With De La Rocha, Keenan May Never Surface | work = [[MTV News]] | date = [[May 10]], [[2005]] | url = http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1501617/20050510/reznor_trent.jhtml | accessdate = 2007-02-17}}</ref> Recording was completed, but the album will probably never be released.<ref>{{cite web | last = Gargano | first = Paul | title = Nine Inch Nails (interview) | work = Maximum Ink Music Magazine |date=October 2005 | url = http://www.maximumink.com/articles.php?articleId=845 | accessdate = 2007-02-17}}</ref> A collaboration between de la Rocha and DJ Shadow, the song "March of Death" was released for free over the [[World Wide Web]] in 2003 in protest against the imminent [[2003 invasion of Iraq|invasion of Iraq]],<ref>[http://www.zackdelarocha.com/ Zack de la Rocha.com], official website promoting "March of Death". Retrieved [[February 17]], [[2007]].</ref> and the 2004 soundtrack ''[[Songs and Artists that Inspired Fahrenheit 9/11]]'' included one of the collaborations with Reznor, "We Want It All".<ref name="reznor"/> In late 2005, de la Rocha was seen singing and playing the [[jarana]] with [[Son Jarocho]] band Son de Madera on multiple occasions.<ref>"King of Rage Onstage Again" (February 2006), ''[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]]''.</ref>
-Ils poursuivent leur tournée en [[1993 en musique|1993]] et [[1994 en musique|1994]], tout en continuant de perpétrer leurs idées, se faisant ainsi autant d’adeptes que d’ennemis. En janvier [[1994]], Zack s’intéresse de près à un groupe indigène zapatiste du sud est du [[Mexique]], l’[[Armée zapatiste de libération nationale|Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional]] (EZLN) ; à ce moment-là, Zack de la Rocha s’identifie à un groupe qui combat, selon lui, le néolibéralisme et le capitalisme implantés au Mexique par les États-Unis<ref>{{es}} [http://www.pagina12.com.ar/diario/elmundo/4-30038-2004-01-04.html Lorsque l’EZLN prend d’assaut l’Empire]</ref>.+Members of the band had been offered large sums of money to reunite for concerts and tours, and had turned the offers down.<ref>{{cite web | title = Chris Cornell Working on Solo Release - But Dismisses Rumors of Audioslave Split | work = [[MTV News]] | publisher = MTV.com | url =http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1537179/20060726/cornell_chris.jhtml?headlines=true | accessdate = 2007-01-07}}</ref> Rumors of bad blood between de la Rocha and the other former band members subsequently circulated, but Commerford said that he and de la Rocha see each other often and go surfing together, while Morello said he and de la Rocha communicate by phone, and had met up at a [[September 15]], [[2005]] protest in support of the [[South Central Farm]].<ref>''Rockline'' interviews Audioslave. [[August 29]], 2006. [http://rapidshare.de/files/36140612/Entrevista.wma Free recording of interview].</ref>
-=== 1995-1996 : La crise ===+===Reunion (2007-present)===
 +[[Image:Zach de la Rocha at 2007 Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival.jpg|thumb|right|[[Zack de la Rocha]] performing with Rage Against the Machine at Coachella 2007.]]
-En [[1995 en musique|1995]], le groupe est à [[Atlanta]] pour enregistrer un nouvel album, mais les choses deviennent plus compliquées que prévu. Les quatre artistes communiquent peu entre eux, et le rythme effréné des concerts les a fatigués. En fait, il s’avère que l’ambiance au sein du groupe est loin d’être aussi bonne qu’il n’y paraît<ref name=ambiancemoyenne>{en} [http://www.ratm.net/articles_rollingstonejan01.html Un article] où les membres du groupe nous présentent leur expérience au sein de RATM, expliquant ainsi la dissolution du groupe.</ref>. Ils s’accordent alors une pause ; Zack en profite pour aller quelques semaines au [[Chiapas]] (Mexique), pendant que les autres vaquent à d’autres occupations dans leurs foyers respectifs.+Rumors that Rage Against the Machine could reunite at the [[Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival]] were circulating in mid-January 2007,<ref>{{cite web | last = Cohen | first = Jonathan | authorlink = Jonathan Cohen | title = Morello Goes Solo, Rage To Reunite? | work = [[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] | publisher = Billboard.com | date = [[January 19]], 2007 | url = http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003535273 | accessdate = 2007-01-21}}</ref> and were confirmed on [[January 22]].<ref>{{cite web | last = Boucher | first = Geoff | title = Rage Against the Machine will reunite for Coachella | work = [[Los Angeles Times]] | publisher = LATimes.com | date = [[January 22]], 2007 | url = http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/music/la-et-coachella22jan22,1,6747076.story?coll=la-headlines-entnews&ctrack=1&cset=true | accessdate = 2007-01-22}}</ref> The band was confirmed to be headlining the final day of Coachella 2007.<ref>{{cite web | last = Finn | first = Natalie | title = Rage On at Coachella | work = [[E! News]] | publisher = EOnline.com | date = [[January 22]], [[2007]] | url = http://www.eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=66ffd892-90fe-44c0-8b4c-edab6e3990f3&entry=index | accessdate = 2007-01-24}}</ref> The reunion was described by Morello as primarily being a vehicle to voice the band's opposition to the "[[Right-wing politics|right-wing]] [[purgatory]]" the [[United States]] has "slid into" under the [[George W. Bush administration]] since RATM's dissolution.<ref>{{cite web | title = Rage Against the Machine discuss reunion | publisher = [[NME]] |date=[[February 2]], [[2007]] | url = http://www.nme.com/news/rage-against-the-machine/26197 | accessdate = 2007-02-03}}</ref> Though the performance was initially thought to be a one-off,<ref>{{cite web | last = Cohen | first = Jonathan | authorlink = Jonathan Cohen | title = Rage, Bjork, Chili Peppers Sign On For Coachella | work = [[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] | publisher = Billboard.com | date = [[January 22]], [[2007]] | url = http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003535501 | accessdate = 2007-01-24}}</ref> this turned out not to be the case.
-Finalement, ils reprennent l’aventure. Ils louent une chambre en face de leur appartement à Los Angeles, et ils finissent par réaliser leur second album, ''[[Evil Empire]]'' (en français, « L’Empire du Mal »).Le titre de cet album fait allusion à une expression employée par le président Ronald Reagan pour qualifier le bloc de l'Est. Début [[1996 en musique|1996]], Rage joue au festival australien [[Big Day Out]], où est tournée la vidéo de ''Bulls On Parade''.+On [[April 14]], [[2007]], Morello and de la Rocha reunited onstage early to perform a brief acoustic set in downtown Chicago at a [[Coalition of Immokalee Workers]] rally in support of fairness in the [[fast food]] industry. Morello described the event as "very exciting for everybody in the room, myself included."<ref>{{cite web | date=[[April 20]], [[2007]] | title=Rage Against the Machine Guitarist Calls Rally Performance 'Very Exciting' | work=Launch Radio Networks | publisher=93X Rock News| url=http://93x.com/blog.asp?id=390561&SBID=4444 | accessdate=2007-04-21}}</ref> This was followed by the scheduled Coachella performance on Sunday, [[April 29]]. The band played in front of an [[Zapatista Army of National Liberation|EZLN]] backdrop to the largest crowds of the festival;<ref name="reunionnme">{{cite web | last=Staff Writer | date=[[April 30]], 2007 | title=Rage Against the Machine reunite at Coachella | work=[[NME]] | url=http://www.nme.com/news/coachella/28013 | accessdate=2007-05-01}}</ref> their performance was widely considered the festival's most anticipated.<ref name="reunionnme"/><ref name="reunionyahoo">{{cite web | last=Sulugiuc | first=Gelu |date=[[April 30]], [[2007]] | title=Rage Against the Machine reunites | work=Reuters | publisher=Yahoo! News | url=http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20070430/en_nm/rage_dc | accessdate=2007-05-01}}</ref><ref name="reunionmtv">{{cite web | last=Moss | first=Corey |date=[[April 30]], [[2007]] | title=Rage Against the Machine's Ferocious Reunion Caps Coachella's Final Night | work=[[MTV News]] | publisher=MTV.com | url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1558334/20070430/rage_against_the_machine.jhtml | accessdate=2007-05-01}}</ref> De la Rocha made a speech during "[[Wake Up (Rage Against the Machine song)|Wake Up]]", citing a statement by [[Noam Chomsky]] regarding the [[Nuremburg trials]],<ref name="chomskyinterview">[http://www.zmag.org/chomsky/rage/ Tom Morello interviews Noam Chomsky], ''[[ZMag]]''. Accessed June 21, 2007.</ref> as follows:
-===1996-1997 : Le renouveau ===+{{cquote2|A good friend of ours once said that if the same laws were applied to U.S. presidents as were applied to the [[Nazis]] after [[World War II]] [] every single one of them, every last rich white one of them from [[Harry Truman|Truman]] on, would have been hung to death and shot—and this current administration is no exception. They should be hung, and tried, and shot. As any war criminal should be.<ref name="reunionmtv"/>}}
-Milieu 1996, le groupe fait une apparition dans l’émission télévisée ''[[Saturday Night Live]]''<ref>{{en}} [http://www.musicfanclubs.org/rage/snl.htm Incident au Saturday Night Live]</ref> de la chaîne [[National Broadcasting Company|NBC]], et provoque un incident qui lui vaut d’être censuré de la chaîne à vie (<small>voir la partie « polémique » pour plus d'informations sur l'incident</small>). Le lendemain, la vidéo de ''Bulls on Parade'' passe sur [[Music Television|MTV]], et ''[[Evil Empire]]'' sort dans les jours suivants. Rage joue gratuitement à l’[[université de Californie]], pendant qu’''Evil Empire'' se place en tête du Billboard 200, délogeant ainsi ''Jagged Little Pill'' d’[[Alanis Morissette]].+
-Pendant l’été [[1997 en musique|1997]], Rage Against the Machine et le [[Wu-Tang Clan]] font une tournée ensemble : c’est l’évènement musical de l’été aux États-Unis. Ils se produisent dans des endroits comme le ''Warped Tour'', ''H.O.R.D.E'', et le ''Lilith Fair Tour''. RATM sort le 25 novembre un DVD sobrement intitulé ''Rage Against the Machine'', qui contient plusieurs prestations live captées durant leur tournée, ainsi que cinq de leurs vidéos censurées. ''The Ghost of Tom Joad'', une chanson de [[Bruce Springsteen]] reprise par le groupe en live, figure également sur ce DVD. Le groupe s’octroie alors une deuxième pause fin 1997.+{{Wikiquote|Zack de la Rocha}}
- +
-===2000 : La dissolution ===+
-[[Image:Tom morello.jpg|thumb|right|Tom Morello en 2005]]+
-Pendant la conception de ''[[The Battle of Los Angeles]]'', le troisième album studio du groupe, Zack de la Rocha annonce, fin [[2000 en musique|2000]], qu’il va se séparer du groupe pour commencer une carrière solo<ref>[http://lcn.canoe.com/artsetspectacles/general/archives/2000/10/20001019-161334.html Zack de la Rocha quitte ''Rage Against the Machine'']</ref>. Selon lui, le groupe est à court d’idées neuves depuis leur album ''Evil Empire''. Des proches des membres du groupe estiment également que les débats incessants rendent la cohabitation impossible au sein du groupe<ref name=ambiancemoyenne/>. Suite au départ de Zack, RATM sort cette même année un CD de reprises intitulé ''Renegades''. C’est l’avant-dernier album du groupe avant sa dissolution définitive.+
- +
-Pour ses adieux au public, RATM donne deux derniers concerts à [[Los Angeles]], appelés « Live at the Grand Olympic Auditorium », qui entraînent également la réalisation d’un DVD et d’un album.+
- +
-Le reste du groupe monte alors le groupe [[Audioslave]] avec l’ex-chanteur de [[Soundgarden]], [[Chris Cornell]].+
- +
-Quant à Zack de la Rocha, il prépare la sortie d’un album solo produit par DJ Shadow<ref>[http://www.avoir-alire.com/breve.php3?id_breve=831 Une brève] sur l’album solo de Zack de la Rocha.</ref>.+
- +
-===2007 : La reformation ===+
- +
-En janvier [[2007 en musique|2007]], le groupe annonce sa reformation. Les motifs sont encore flous. En effet la principale raison serait la dissolution d'Audioslave, annoncé par [[Chris Cornell]] pour divers conflits au sein du groupe<ref>[http://www.w-fenec.org/infos/2007/02/16/10899.html Chris Cornell quitte Audioslave]</ref>. Cependant, des rumeurs rapportent que le groupe serait en train de préparer un coup spectaculaire pour l'[[élection présidentielle des États-Unis d'Amérique de 2008]]. Un premier album solo pour [[Tom Morello]] (alias « ''The Nightwatchman'' ») est prévu pour le [[24 avril]] [[2007 en musique|2007]].+
- +
-Le groupe se reformera pour le festival californien de [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coachella_Valley_Music_and_Arts_Festival Coachella]. Ils donneront un concert le dimanche [[29 avril]] [[2007 en musique|2007]]. Le [[28 avril]], Tom Morello fera un concert sous le nom de ''The Nightwatchman''.+
- +
-Le concert du 29 avril a été le moment fort du festival, le groupe ayant réalisé, après une très brève introduction de Zack de la Rocha ("We're Rage Against The Machine, from Los Angeles") la set-list suivante:+
- +
-*'''Testify''' +
-*'''Bulls on Parade''' +
-*'''People of the Sun''' +
-*'''Bombtrack''' +
-*'''Bullet in the Head''' +
-*'''Know Your Enemy''' +
-*'''Down Rodeo''' +
-*'''Guerilla Radio''' +
-*'''Renegades of Funk''' +
-*'''Calm Like a Bomb''' +
-*'''Sleep Now in the Fire''' +
-*'''Wake Up''' +
-*'''Freedom + Township Rebellion''' +
-*'''Killing in the Name''' +
- +
-Le discours anti-Bush de Zack de la Rocha tant attendu a été prononcé durant la chanson "Wake Up", dont voici les termes:+
- +
-''..."A good friend of ours said that if the same laws were applied to U.S. Presidents as were applied to the Nazi's after World War II, then every single one of 'em, every last rich white one of 'em from Truman on would have been hung to death, and shot. +
-And this current administration is no exception. They should be hung, and tried, and shot. +
-As any war criminal should be. But the challenges that we face, they go way beyond administrations. +
-Way beyond elections. Way beyond every four years of pulling levers. +
-Way beyond that, because this whole rotten system has become so vicious and cruel, +
-that in order to sustain itself, it needs to destroy entire countries, and profit from their reconstruction, in order to survive, and that's not a system that changes every four years, it's a system that we have to break down generation +
-after generation after generation after generation after generation. WAKE UP!"...''+
- +
-Le site zdlr.net [http://www.zdlr.net] a également mis à disposition sur internet des photos de ce concert historique.+
- +
-De plus ils ont aussi joué cet été 4 concerts aux côtés du [[Wu-Tang Clan]] et un concert avec [[Queens Of The Stone Age]]. Les concerts avec le [[Wu-Tang Clan]] ont eu lieu le 28 et 29 juillet à New-York, le 11 août à San Bernardino (Sud de la Californie) et 18 août à San Francisco, dans le cadre de la plateforme hip-hop "Rock the Bells". Le concert avec [[Queens Of The Stone Age]] a eu lieu le 24 août à East Troy (Etat du Wisconsin). Ils ont aussi joué fin octobre au Voodoo Music Experience Festival et au Vegoose Festival. Fin janvier 2008, début février, ils joueront en Australie et en Nouvelle-Zélande dans le cadre du festival [[Big Day Out]] à Auckland, Gold Coast, Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide et Perth. En février 2008, ils joueront au Japon : le 7 à [[Osaka]], le 9 et le 10 à [[Tokyo]]. Le 30 mai 2008, ils seront au [[Pinkpop]] aux Pays-bas. Le 6 juin 2008, ils seront au [[Rock am Ring]] et le lendemain au Rock im Park, en Allemagne. +
- +
-Musicalement, Rage Against the Machine mélange le [[hard rock]], à travers les solos de [[guitare]] de [[Tom Morello]], avec le phrasé [[rap]] de [[Zack de La Rocha]]. Dans une moindre mesure, on ressent aussi l’influence du [[jazz]] sur la basse de [[Tim Commerford]], qui a joué dans un groupe de jazz dans les [[années 1980]]. Enfin, la [[Batterie (musique)|batterie]] de [[Brad Wilk]] est chargée de rythmes [[funk]].+
- +
-Les Rage Against the Machine sont les précurseurs, avec les rappeurs [[Cypress Hill]] et [[Ice-T]], d’un style [[fusion de genres musicaux|mélangeant]] [[rap]] et [[Heavy metal (musique)|metal]] apparu au début des [[années 1990]]. C’est un peu la version violente et [[hip-hop]] du « rock fusion » inspiré par les [[Run-DMC]]. En mixant rudement un rap incisif aux textes très politiques, inspiré directement de la virulence et du pouvoir de contestation de [[Public Enemy (musique)|Public Enemy]], avec les [[Riff (musique)|riffs]] d’un metal tétanisé (hérité des grands maîtres du genre : [[Black Sabbath]], [[Led Zeppelin]]) et les rythmiques d’un funk puissant et combatif, le rock incandescent des RATM devient un modèle du genre.+
- +
-Selon Michael Woodswort, journaliste au ''[[The Sun|Sun]]'', {{citation|''Rage Against the Machine'' explose dans l'industrie du disque comme une version musicale de ''[[The Anarchist Cookbook]]'', l'ouvrage [[anarchie|anarchiste]] de William Powell. Avec son mélange original de metal, de rap, et de politique d'extrême-gauche, le groupe réalise un premier album si puissant qu'il secoue les adolescents apathiques et leur fait prendre conscience des injustices du capitalisme.}} En parlant de l’album ''[[Rage Against the Machine (album)|Rage Against the Machine]]'', fondateur et parfait exemple du style musical du groupe, il rajoute : {{citation|Virtuose défricheur, le guitariste Tommy Morello ajoute des interludes de scratching à ses solos époustouflants et à ses riffs inspirés de Black Sabbath. Dans ''Know Your Enemy'', il est à l'honneur sur quatre passages successifs, tour à tour funky et frénétiques, jouant quelques mesures de [[speed metal]] avant de se jeter dans une sorte de bouillonnement hystérique. Pendant ce temps, Zack de La Rocha lance des rimes menaçantes avec une énergie implacable, rappe l'autopropagande urbaine de ''Bombtrack'', récite la leçon d'histoire de ''Wake up'', ode à [[Martin Luther King]], [[Malcolm X]] et [[Mohamed Ali (boxeur)|Cassius Clay]], ou chevauche le groove radical de ''Township Rebellion'' qui est le récit de la lutte anti-impérialiste de Los Angeles à l'[[Afrique du Sud]]. De La Rocha est un maître de la colère brute, qu'il libère à mesure que les constructions sonores du groupe gagnent en intensité. ''Bullet in the Head'', manifeste contre le monopole de la presse, culmine sur un mur de batterie signé Brad Wilk et une rafale dévastatrice de Morello, alors que de La Rocha aboie le refrain brutal jusqu'à extinction de voix.}}<ref>''Les 1001 albums qu’il faut avoir écoutés dans sa vie'', Flammarion, 2005, p. 685. ISBN 2082015394</ref>+
- +
-Aujourd’hui, plusieurs groupes se déclarent héritiers de RATM, d’autres sont parfois critiqués comme étant de pâles copies ; on peut citer comme exemple [[Limp Bizkit]], [[Linkin Park]]… Chacun assume plus ou moins cette parenté. Mais Michael Woodswort estime que {{citation|dix ans plus tard, le son et la pertinence de RATM restent inégalés.}}+
- +
-== Les thèmes abordés à travers les albums ==+
-=== Les pochettes des albums ===+
- +
-Pour les premiers albums de RATM, le message n’est pas présent seulement dans les paroles. Avant même d’entendre les textes ou la musique, on est d’abord frappé par la pochette de l’album.+
- +
-==== ''[[Rage Against the Machine (album)|Rage Against the Machine]]'' (1992) ====+
-La pochette est basée sur une photo d’un [[Moines et moniales|moine]] [[Bouddhisme|bouddhiste]], [[Thích Quảng Đức]], s’immolant par le feu pour protester contre les exactions du régime dictatorial sud-vietnamien de [[Ngô Đình Diệm]], soutenu par les États-Unis. Cette image violente, synonyme d’opposition au gouvernement américain, donne une idée du contenu de l’album.+
- +
-==== ''[[Evil Empire]]'' (1996) ====+
-De nouveau, la pochette transmet à l’avance le message du groupe. Elle représente un jeune homme, dans le style des images de propagande de l’ex-[[Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques|URSS]], déguisé en [[super-héros]], rappelant ainsi [[Superman]] ou d’autres héros de [[comic]]s américains. Juste en dessous, le titre ''Evil Empire'', qui est en fait le nom que donnait [[Ronald Reagan]] à l’URSS, suggère que les États-Unis ne sont peut-être pas si éloignés de cet « Empire du Mal ».+
- +
-Zack de La Rocha lui-même déclare : {{citation|Vers la fin de la [[guerre froide]], le gouvernement de Reagan a constamment essayé de nourrir la crainte dans l'opinion publique américaine, en qualifiant l'Union Soviétique d'Empire du Mal. D'une certaine façon, il se jetait lui-même la pierre car les États-Unis ont commis pas mal d'atrocités au XX<sup>e</sup> siècle.}}+
- +
-==== ''[[The Battle of Los Angeles]]'' (1999) ====+
-Il s’agit d’un [[graffiti]] sur un mur, représentant le contour d’un homme avec le poing levé, symbole de la lutte et de l’engagement. Le titre, ''The Battle of Los Angeles'', suggère lui aussi cette idée de lutte, et il est d’ailleurs repris pour la tournée qui suit, puisque chaque représentation du groupe y est intitulée « The Battle of ''nom de la ville'' ».+
-Le titre de cet album serait un clin d'œil aux sanglantes [[Émeutes de 1992 à Los Angeles|émeutes de Los Angeles qui ont éclaté en 1992]].+The event led to a media furor. A clip of Zack's speech found its way to the Fox News program "Hannity & Colmes." An on-screen headline read, "Rock group Rage Against the Machine says Bush admin should be shot." [[Ann Coulter]] (a guest on the show) stated, "They’re losers, their fans are losers, and there’s a lot of violence coming from the left wing."<ref>{{cite web | date=[[May 4]], [[2007]] | title=Rage Against Bush | work=[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]] | url=http://www.spin.com/features/everybodystalkingabout/2007/05/070504_rage/ | accessdate=2007-05-15}}</ref>
-=== Les textes ===+On July 28th and 29th, Rage headlined the Hip Hop festival [[Rock the Bells]] with the [[Wu Tang Clan]], [[Public Enemy (band)|Public Enemy]] and [[Cypress Hill]]. On [[July 28]], they made a speech during Wake Up just as they had done at Coachella. During this, De La Rocha made another statement, defending the band from [[Fox News]], who he alleged misquoted his speech at Coachella:
-Tous les textes de Rage Against the Machine sont très engagés politiquement, et tournent autour de thèmes comme les abus du capitalisme ou les mensonges des médias. La liste qui suit n’est pas exhaustive mais donne un aperçu de cet engagement.+{{cquote2|A couple of months ago, those fascist motherfuckers at the Fox News Network attempted to pin this band into a corner by suggesting that we said that the president should be assassinated. Nah, what we said was that he should be brought to trial as war criminal and hung and shot. THAT'S what we said. And we don't back away from the position because the real assassinator is Bush and Cheney and the whole administration for the lives they have destroyed here and in Iraq. They're the ones. And what they refused to air which was far more provocative in my mind and in the minds of my bandmates is this: this system has become so brutal and vicious and cruel that it needs to start wars and profit from the destruction around the world in order to survive as a world power. THAT's what we said. And we refuse not to stand up, we refuse to back down from that position…<ref>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mMuWTsEZRLo</ref>}}
 +[[Image:Black Flag and a Red Voodoo.jpg|thumb|The band playing the [[Voodoo Music Experience]] on [[October 26]], [[2007]]. Visible in the background is the [[Zapatista Army of National Liberation|EZLN]] flag.]]
 +On August 24, Rage Against the Machine played their first non-festival concert in 7 years at the [[Alpine Valley Music Theater]] in [[East Troy]], [[Wisconsin]], with support act [[Queens of the Stone Age]]. During the show, De La Rocha made a speech similar to the one at the [[Rock the Bells]] festival in July. On October 26, Rage co-headlined at [[New Orleans]]'s [[Voodoo Music Experience]]. During Wake Up, de la Rocha gave a speech saying he went through the New Orleans communities, including the [[9th Ward]]. He said that the Bush administration has started war on two fronts; he is destroying the communities in and around [[Baghdad]] and he is destroying the community and culture, notably African-American culture, within New Orleans.
-==== La critique du système capitaliste ====+===Future===
-[[Image:RATM at Coachella.jpg|thumb|280px|Tom Morello et Zack De La Rocha]]+Rage Against the Machine has been confirmed to co-headline all six of the [[Big Day Out]] venues in [[Australia]] and [[New Zealand]] along with [[Bjork]], [[silverchair]] and [[Arcade Fire]] from [[January 18]] to [[February 3]], [[2008]],<ref>{{cite web | first=cecbuzz | date=[[September 19]], [[2007]] | title=Rage Against the Machine tour announced | work=fasterlouder.com.au | publisher=www.fasterlouder.com.au | url=http://www.fasterlouder.com.au/news/local/10520/Rage-Against-the-Machine-tour-announced.htm | accessdate=2007-09-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title= Rage Against the Machine - The fans have spoken! | work=[[Big Day Out]] | date=[[September 27]], [[2007]] | url=http://www.bigdayout.com/news/pressreleases.php | accessdate=2007-07-27}}</ref> <ref>[http://www.bigdayout.com/lineup/artists.php/lineup/artists.php]</ref> including additional shows in [[Sydney]] and in [[Melbourne]] which sold out in record time. Also, it has recently been confirmed that Rage Against The Machine is one of the three headliners at the 2008 [[Rock Am Ring]] and [[Rock Im Park]] music festivals in [[Germany]] and [[Pinkpop|Pinkpop Music Festival]] in the [[Netherlands]].
-C’est sans doute le thème qui revient le plus souvent dans les chansons du groupe. On en retrouve de nombreuses occurrences au fil des albums :+
-* ''Bombtrack'' (''Rage Against the Machine'') rappelle comment les classes supérieures profitent des classes inférieures : {{citation|Landlords and power whores on my people they took turns.}} (« Les propriétaires et ces enfoirés de dirigeants ont joué des tours à mon peuple. »)+On December 13th 2007, it was also announced that Rage Against The Machine will be headlining the Optimus Alive!08 Festival in [[Portugal]] along with [[Pearl Jam]], [[Smashing Pumpkins]] and [[Linkin Park]].
-* ''Voice of the voiceless'' (''The Battle of Los Angeles'') prend la défense de [[Mumia Abu-Jamal]] (surnommé « The voice of the voiceless » (la voix de ceux qui n’en ont pas) par les médias parce qu’il défendait ceux à qui on ne donnait pas les moyens de se faire entendre). Rage dénonce ici la mainmise du pouvoir sur les médias : {{citation|You see the powerful got nervous, ‘cause he refused to be their servant.}} (« Regardez, les dirigeants sont devenus nerveux parce qu’il a refusé d’être leur domestique. »)+
-* Dans ''Testify'' (''The Battle of Los Angeles''), il est par exemple question de la course au pétrole qui entraîne de nombreuses guerres : {{citation|The pipeline is gushing, while here we lie in tombs}} (« Les oléoducs débordent, pendant qu’ici on s’allonge dans des tombes ») ou encore {{citation|Mass graves for the pump and the price is set}} (« Des tombes en masse pour la pompe et le prix est fixé »).+
-* Dans ''Know your Enemy'' (''Rage Against the Machine''), RATM nous montre sa vision du rêve américain, bien différente de ce qu’on a l’habitude d’entendre dans les médias : {{citation|Compromise, conformity, assimilation, submission, ignorance, hypocrisy, brutality, the elite. All of which are American Dreams.}} (« Compromission, conformisme, assimilation, soumission, ignorance, hypocrisie, brutalité, l’élite. Tous sont des rêves américains. »)+
-==== La critique des médias ====+When asked in May if the band were planning on writing a new album, Morello replied:
-On retrouve aussi régulièrement une dénonciation des médias qui montrent une réalité modifiée :+{{Quote|There are no plans to do that… That's a whole other ball of wax right there. Writing and recording albums is a whole different thing than getting back on the bike (laughs), you know, and playing these songs. But I think that the one thing about the [[Rage Against the Machine discography|Rage catalog]] is that to me none of it feels dated. You know, it doesn't feel at all like a nostalgia show. It feels like these are songs that were born and bred to be played now.|Tom Morello|''[[Blabbermouth.net]], [[1 May]], [[2007]]''<ref name="futurealbum">{{cite web | date=[[May 1]], [[2007]] | title=Tom Morello: 'No Plans' For New Rage Against the Machine Album | work=[[Blabbermouth.net]] | publisher=Ultimateguitar.com | url=http://www.ultimate-guitar.com/news/general_music_news/tom_morello_no_plans_for_new_rage_against_the_machine_album.html | accessdate=2007-05-01}}</ref>}}
-* Ainsi, dans ''Take the Power Back'' (''Rage Against the Machine''), on peut entendre : {{citation|One-sided stories for years and years and years.}} (« Un seul point de vue depuis des années et des années et des années. »)+== Political views and activism==
-* Dans ''Bombtrack'' (''Rage Against the Machine''), le texte est encore plus explicite : {{citation|See through the news and views that twist reality.}} (« Vois au-delà des infos et des points de vue qui déforment la réalité. »)+[[Image:RATM - Burningamp.jpg|thumb|right|RATM [[flag desecration|burning]] the [[flag of the United States]] at [[Woodstock 1999]]]]
-* ''Testify'' (''The Battle of Los Angeles'') évoque la vision de la [[Guerre du Koweït (1990-1991)|guerre du Golfe]] à travers les médias : {{citation|Mister Anchor assure me that Baghdad is burning. Your voice it is so soothing, that cunning mantra of killing. I need you my witness to dress this up so bloodless.}} (« Monsieur le présentateur, assure-moi que Bagdad brûle. Ta voix, tellement apaisante, cet adroit [[mantra]] du massacre. J’ai besoin de toi, mon témoin, pour rendre ça moins sanglant. »)+Integral to their identity as a band, Rage Against the Machine voice [[revolution]]ary viewpoints highly critical of the domestic and foreign policies of the U.S. Throughout its existence, RATM and its individual members participated in political [[protest]]s and other [[activism]] to advocate these beliefs. The band primarily saw its music as a vehicle for [[social activism]]; de la Rocha explained that "I'm interested in spreading those ideas through art, because music has the power to cross borders, to break military sieges and to establish real dialogue."<ref name="Juice">Wooldridge, Simon (February 2000), "[http://musicfanclubs.org/rage/articles/juice00.htm Fight the Power]", ''[[Juice Magazine]]''. Retrieved October 6, 2007.</ref> Morello said of [[wage slavery]] in America:
-==== Autres ====+{{cquote2|America touts itself as the land of the free, but the number one freedom that you and I have is the freedom to enter into a subservient role in the workplace. Once you exercise this freedom you've lost all control over what you do, what is produced, and how it is produced. And in the end, the product doesn't belong to you. The only way you can avoid bosses and jobs is if you don't care about making a living. Which leads to the second freedom: the freedom to starve.|Tom Morello|''[[Guitar World]]''<ref>Young, Charles M. (February 1997), [http://www.musicfanclubs.org/rage/articles/guitaryear.htm Tom Morello: Artist of the Year interview], ''[[Guitar World]]''. Retrieved [[February 17]], [[2007]].</ref>}}
-Certains textes condamnent également la prépondérance de la religion dans la politique : ''Take the Power Back'' (Reprends le pouvoir) (''Rage Against the Machine'') dénonce l’emprise de la religion sur les Américains : {{citation|They want us to allege and pledge and bow down to their God.}} (« Ils veulent que nous fassions allégeance et que nous nous engagions et que nous nous prosternions devant leur Dieu. »)+Meanwhile, detractors pointed out the tension between voicing commitment to leftist causes while being signed to [[Epic Records]], a [[subsidiary]] of media conglomerate [[Sony Records]]. [[Infectious Grooves]] released a song called "Do What I Tell Ya!" which mocks lyrics from "Killing in the Name", accusing the band of being hypocrites. In response to such critiques, Morello offered the rebuttal:
-Dans ses textes, RATM suggère souvent des actions à mener pour illustrer ses propos : aussi, dans ''Bombtrack'' (''Rage Against the Machine''), de La Rocha nous dit {{citation|I warm my hands upon the flames of the flag…}} (« Je me réchauffe les mains sur les flammes du drapeau… ») ; le groupe passe d’ailleurs à l’acte à [[Woodstock 1999|Woodstock]] (Édition 1999), pendant la chanson ''Killing in the Name'', où ils ont brûlé le drapeau américain sur scène.+{{cquote|When you live in a [[capitalism|capitalistic]] society, the currency of the dissemination of information goes through capitalistic channels. Would [[Noam Chomsky]] object to his works being sold at [[Barnes & Noble]]? No, because that's where people buy their books. We're not interested in preaching to just the converted. It's great to play abandoned [[squatting|squats]] run by [[anarchism|anarchists]], but it's also great to be able to reach people with a revolutionary message, people from [[Granada Hills]] to [[Stuttgart]].<ref name="officialfaq"/>}}
-== Impact socio-culturel ==+=== EZLN ===
-=== Idéologie ===+[[Image:Flag of the EZLN.svg|thumb|right|The "black flag and a red star" of the [[Zapatista Army of National Liberation]] as referenced in the track "War Within a Breath" (1999)]]
 +The band are vocal supporters of the [[Zapatista Army of National Liberation]] (EZLN), especially de la Rocha, who has taken several trips to the [[Mexico|Mexican]] state of [[Chiapas]] to aid their efforts. The flag of the EZLN serves as the primary recurring theme in the band's visual art. Morello described the EZLN as "a guerrilla army who represent the poor indigenous communities in southern Mexico who, for hundreds of years, have been trodden upon and sort of cast aside and which really are the lowest form on the economic -social ladder in Mexico. In 1994, on New Years Day, there was an uprising there and they were led by the very charismatic [[Subcomandante Marcos]] and it's a group which is tremendously supportive of the most objectively poor and continues to fight for dignity, for all people in Mexico."<ref>[http://musicfanclubs.org/rage/articles/jjj.htm Tom Morello interview] on [[Triple J]], October 31, 1999.</ref> An interviewer was once told by de la Rocha, "Our purpose in sympathising with the Zapatistas is to help spark [real] dialogue."<ref name="Juice"/>
-[[Image:Michael moore.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Michael Moore]], qui a réalisé quelques vidéo-clips du groupe.]]+De la Rocha, while known for shying from the media, has been particularly outspoken on the cause of the EZLN. He explained the importance of the cause to him personally:
-Avant tout, Rage Against the Machine utilisait sa musique comme [[mouvement social]], et devint ainsi le groupe engagé le plus célèbre des États-Unis. Un aspect important du groupe est son engagement politique de gauche, qui l'a amené à manifester à plusieurs occasions contre la politique — intérieure et extérieure — des États-Unis. Au fil de son existence, RATM participa à plusieurs protestations en accord avec ses convictions.+{{cquote2|It is important for me, as a popular artist, to make clear to the governments of the United States and Mexico that despite the strategy of fear and intimidation to foreigners, despite their weapons, despite their immigration laws and military reserves, they will never be able to isolate the Zapatista communities from the people in the United States... Through concerts, videos, interviews, broadcasting of information at concerts, and our songs' lyrics we have placed within reach of young people, our audience, the experiences of the Zapatistas; we act as facilitators of the ways in which they can participate and put them in contact with the organization and the Zapatista support committees in the United States.<ref name="chiapas">"[http://www.musicfanclubs.org/rage/articles/chiapas.htm Interview with Zack from Chiapas]" (July 19, 1998), ''Accion Zapatista de Austin''. Retrieved October 6, 2007.</ref>}}
-Ainsi, le groupe donna un concert mouvementé en marge de la [[Parti démocrate (États-Unis)|convention nationale démocrate de 2000]] à [[Los Angeles]] lors de la campagne présidentielle américaine, où ils ont violemment critiqué le système politique américain, celui de « l’establishment » et ont appelé les spectateurs présents à ne pas se rendre aux urnes<ref>[http://www.mcm.net/musique/filinfo/1518/ News de mcm.net], le 16/08/2000.</ref>.+De la Rocha made four trips to Chiapas in order to aid the EZLN. His first was in an observatory team monitoring negotiation between the EZLN and the Mexican government. At one point de la Rocha and others in the team formed a human chain to protect the EZLN from potential threats.<ref name="rolstone">Rricke, David (November 25, 1999),"[http://www.musicfanclubs.org/rage/articles/rs99.htm The Battles of Rage Against the Machine]", ''[[Rolling Stone]]''. Retrieved October 6, 2007.</ref>
-De même, ils jouèrent aux alentours de [[Wall Street]] le 26 janvier de la même année. À cause de la foule qui s’était réunie pour assister à ce concert (qui fut filmé et inclus dans le clip ''Sleep Now in the Fire'', réalisé par [[Michael Moore]]<ref>{{en}} [http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1433553/20000128/rage_against_the_machine.jhtml Rage Against The Machine tourne une nouvelle vidéo avec Michael Moore]</ref>), la [[Bourse (économie)|bourse]] de [[New York]] dut fermer ses portes en plein milieu de la journée, événement qui n'était pas arrivé depuis le [[Krach de 1929]]. Parmi les spectateurs, on trouvait beaucoup d’employés de Wall Street, qui semblaient apprécier le spectacle. Beaucoup de ces images furent utilisées plus tard avec beaucoup d’[[ironie]] dans la vidéo de Moore.+His second trip, in February 1996, was to peace campaign camps in La Garrucha. de la Rocha said of the experience:
 +{{cquote2|There, I experienced the terror and the intimidation to the integrity of the people by the soldiers; the isolation in which the communities had to subsist; the military camps located between the houses and the fields, I understood then that one of the great missions of a low intensity war is to wear out the people through hunger and to create lack of goods. That starvation practice against the people has the same effect as throwing bombs on the population, but is more comfortable for the rulers because it maintains Mexico as a stable place and as a suitable place for financial investments and it doesn't place the Free Trade Agreement at risk.
-Peu après les évènements du [[Attentats du 11 septembre 2001|11 septembre 2001]], le groupe accusait les États-Unis d’être responsables de violences similaires aux attentats du [[World Trade Center]] à travers le monde. Cela entraîna la surveillance par la [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] de leur site officiel et surtout de leur forum de discussion, où des messages virulents à l’égard du gouvernement américain étaient publiés<ref>[http://www.mcm.net/musique/filinfo/3201/ News de mcm.net], le 21/09/2001.</ref>.+We were witness of that, we saw how the soldiers burned and razed the fields, threw the children out of schools, and turned the latter into barracks... and each time we became more familiar with the Zapatistas' form of organization, communal work and cooperation. And I realized that the intentions behind the militarization were to break down the community, to keep the people from organizing in an autonomous manner in order to overcome poverty and isolation.<ref name="chiapas"/>}}
-Tom Morello, dans une interview donnée à la revue ''Guitar World'', a dit : {{citation|Les États-Unis s'autoproclament le pays de la [[liberté]], mais la première liberté que nous ayons, toi et moi, c'est celle d'être [[exploitation|exploité]] au [[travail (économie)|travail]]. Une fois que tu auras utilisé cette liberté, alors tu auras perdu le contrôle sur ce que tu fais, ce qui est produit et comment c'est produit, et, au final, le produit ne t'appartiendra plus. La seule façon d'éviter les chefs est de ne pas faire attention à soi-même, ce qui nous amène à la seconde liberté, celle de mourir de faim.}}<ref>Estados Unidos se autodenomina la tierra de la libertad, pero la primera libertad que tenemos tú y yo es la de desempeñar un trabajo como explotado. Una vez hayas ejercido esta libertad entonces habrás perdido el control sobre lo que haces, lo que se produce y cómo se produce, y, al final, el producto ya no te pertenecerá a ti. La única forma de evitar a los jefes es no cuidar de ti mismo, lo cual nos lleva a la segunda libertad: la de morirse de hambre. (pas trouvé la version originale pour recouper)</ref>+Later in 1996, de la Rocha led an educational trip for young students, artists and activists from L.A. to Chiapas.
-Parallèlement, il répondait aux détracteurs qui soulignaient le paradoxe entre les orientations gauchistes du groupe et leur signature chez [[Epic Records]], filiale de [[Sony Music Entertainment|Sony]] : {{citation|Quand tu vis dans une société capitaliste, la diffusion de l'information dépend de l'argent investi. Est-ce que [[Noam Chomsky]] s'oppose à la vente de ses œuvres chez [[Barnes & Noble]] ? Non, parce que c'est là que la plupart des gens achètent leurs livres. Nous ne souhaitons pas partager notre musique seulement avec ceux qui la connaissent déjà. C'est génial de jouer dans un endroit abandonné, squatté par des anarchistes, mais c'est aussi génial d'être capable de toucher les gens avec un message révolutionnaire, de [[Liste des quartiers de Los Angeles#Vallée de San Fernando|Granada Hills]] jusqu'à [[Stuttgart]].}}+The EZLN and de la Rocha's experiences with them inspired the songs "Wind Below", and "Without A Face" from ''Evil Empire''<ref name="chiapas"/> and "Calm Like a Bomb", "War Within a Breath" and "Maria" from ''The Battle of Los Angeles''<ref name="rolstone"/>
-En plus de ses différends et nombreux engagements sociaux, le groupe s’est également engagé pour la liberté d’expression, contre la censure. Ainsi, en réponse au discours du président [[Bill Clinton]] : {{citation|On ne peut pas prétendre qu'il n'y a aucun impact sur notre culture et nos enfants s'il y a trop de violence qui leur arrive par ce qu'ils voient et de ce qu'ils font. Nous devons demander aux personnes qui produisent des films violents, des CD, des jeux vidéo, de bien prendre en considération les conséquences qui en découlent. Et s'ils sortent malgré tout, ils devraient au minimum ne pas être vendus aux enfants}} qui fit suite à la [[Fusillade du lycée Columbine|fusillade de Littleton]], allusion aux goûts musicaux des fanatiques qui ont ouvert le feu dans la High School, Tom Morello, prenant la tête des artistes critiques du discours, répondit : {{citation|Le rock n'est pas responsable des crimes violents aux États-Unis. C'est très hypocrite de la part des politiques de Washington de montrer le rock du doigt et de le faire passer pour le pourvoyeur de violence de la société, alors qu'ils sont pleinement occupés à lâcher des bombes en ex-Yougoslavie. Qui est le meilleur modèle de violence pour les adolescents ? Le Président Clinton qui tous les jours sacrifie en Yougoslavie un bus rempli d'enfants et de personnes âgées, ou quelqu'un comme Marilyn Manson, qui ne fait que s'habiller comme si c'était tous les jours Halloween et chanter avec une voix d'épouvante ?}}<ref>[http://www.mcm.net/musique/filinfo/71/ News de mcm.net], le 18/05/1999.</ref>+===Saturday Night Live censorship===
 +On April 10th, 1996 the band was scheduled to perform two songs on the [[NBC]] comedy variety show ''[[Saturday Night Live]]''. The show was hosted that night by ex-[[Republican Party (U.S.)|Republican]] presidential candidate and billionaire [[Steve Forbes]]. According to an unidentified RATM member, "RATM wanted to stand in sharp juxtaposition to a billionaire telling jokes and promoting his [[flat tax]] by making our own statement."<ref name="SNL">Anon., [http://www.musicfanclubs.org/rage/snl.htm Saturday Nigt Live Incident], Public release and distribution. Retrieved November 12, 2007.</ref>
-=== Manifestations ===+To this end, the band hung two upside-down [[Flag of the United States|American flags]] from their amplifiers. Seconds before they took the stage to perform "[[Bulls on Parade]]", SNL and NBC sent stagehands in to pull the flags down. The inverted flags, says Morello, represented: {{cquote2|Our contention that American democracy is inverted when what passes for democracy is an electoral choice between two representatives of the privileged class. America's [[freedom of expression]] is inverted when you're free to say anything you want to say until it upsets a corporate sponsor. Finally, this was our way of expressing our opinion of the show's host, Steve Forbes.<ref name="SNL"/>}}
-La principale singularité du groupe était son habitude de lancer des polémiques sur des sujets d’actualité lors de ses concerts. Son idéologie politique radicale lui amena un bon nombre de détracteurs, mais aussi et surtout beaucoup de sympathisants qui s’identifiaient tout particulièrement au message porté par la musique du groupe.+The band's first attempt to hang the flags during a pre-telecast rehearsal on Thursday were frustrated by SNL's producers, who "demanded that we take the flags down," according to Morello, "They said the sponsors would be upset, and that because Steve Forbes was on, they had to run a 'tighter' show." SNL also told the band it would mute objectionable lyrics in "[[Bullet in the Head (song)|Bullet in the Head]]" (which was supposed to be RATM's second song), and insisted that the song be bleeped in the studio because Forbes had friends and family there.<ref name="SNL"/>
-==== Soutien à Mumia Abu-Jamal ====+On the night of the show, following the removal of the flags during the first performance, the band were approached by SNL and NBC officials and ordered to immediately leave the building. Upon hearing this, RATM bassist Commerford reportedly stormed Forbes' dressing room, throwing shreds from one of the torn down flags.
-[[Image:040705 009 bristol maj m32.jpg|thumb|left|Une fresque murale en soutien au journaliste et activiste noir [[Mumia Abu-Jamal]] : RATM fut l’un des grands acteurs de la campagne massive en faveur de sa libération.]]+{{cquote2|SNL censored Rage, period. They could not have sucked up to the billionaire more. The thing that's ironic is SNL is supposedly this cutting edge show, but they proved they're bootlickers to their corporate masters when it comes down to it. They're cowards. It should come to no surprise that [[General Electric|GE]], which owns NBC, would find "Bullet" particularly offensive. GE is a major manufacturer of US planes used to commit war crimes in the [[Gulf War]], and bombs from those jets destroyed [[hydroelectric dam]]s which killed thousands of civilians in [[Iraq]].|Tom Morello}}
-Avec l’intensification du mouvement « anti-Mumia » du [[Liste des services de police et des armées aux États-Unis d'Amérique|Département de police]] de [[Philadelphie]] et de Maureen Faulkner (veuve du fonctionnaire assassiné Daniel Faulkner), les diverses organisations en faveur de la libération de [[Mumia Abu-Jamal]] organisèrent un concert pour capter l’attention de la « presse politique », avec la participation des [[Beastie Boys]], de [[Bad Religion]] ou encore [[Gang Starr]]. Le concert fut signalé dans tous les médias, et sévèrement critiqué par l’élite du pays. En guise d’introduction au concert, Zack de La Rocha déclara : {{citation|On dirait bien que le fait de devoir travailler pour conserver les droits dont nous devrions tous pouvoir profiter légalement ne plaît pas à tout le monde !<ref>Working to ensure the legal rights that all us presume to enjoy certainly has turned out to be controversial! ([http://www.ratm.com/new2/benefits/main.html Discours complet] que Zack de la Rocha a prononcé au concert de soutien à Mumia Abu-Jamal)</ref>}}.+Morello noted that members of the Saturday Night Live cast and crew, whom he declined to name, "[e]xpressed solidarity with our actions, and a sense of shame that their show had censored the performance."<ref name="SNL"/>
-==== Contre la PMRC à Lollapalooza en 1993 ====+=== Radio Free L.A. ===
 +''Radio Free Los Angeles'' was a radio show held by the band on [[January 20]], [[1997]], the night of [[Inauguration Day|Bill Clinton's inauguration]] as [[President of the United States|President]].<ref>http://www.mediacast.com/Calendar/97-01-20/Radio_Free_L.A./</ref> The show comprised segments and interviews featuring [[Michael Moore]], Emily Hodgson, [[Leonard Peltier]], [[Chuck D]], Mumia Abu-Jamal, [[UNITE]], [[Noam Chomsky]], [[Amy Ray]] of the [[Indigo Girls]], and [[Subcomandante Marcos]] of the Zapatistas.<ref name="rfla">[http://www.ratm.com/new2/radiofree.html Radio Free L.A.] at RATM.com]</ref> These were intercut with musical performances by [[Beck]], [[Cypress Hill]], [[Flea]], [[Stephen Perkins]] as well as members of Rage. The band organized the show in response to the [[United States presidential election, 1996|re-election of Clinton]]:
-Pendant le festival [[Lollapalooza]] de 1993 à Philadelphie, la renommée du groupe grandit lorsque ses membres protestèrent contre la censure et contre le comité [[Parents Music Resource Center]] (PMRC) en restant nus sur la scène pendant quatorze minutes complètes, avec en fond sonore la guitare et la basse. Avec un ruban de scotch sur la bouche, ils dévoilèrent leur poitrine où étaient inscrites les lettres '''P M R C''' <ref name=PMRC/>. Ce jour-là, le groupe n’a donc pas joué, mais il est revenu deux jours plus tard pour donner un concert gratuit.+{{Quote|That election had resulted in one of the lowest voter turnouts in the history of the country, as more and more Americans came to realize that their government was not in their hands, but in the hands of big business. Radio Free L.A. provided a musical and political gathering point for the majority of Americans—and young people especially—who rightly felt left out of the "democratic process."|[[Tom Morello]]|''Ratm.com''<ref name="rfla"/>}}
-Le PMRC était un comité créé dans le but de réguler les paroles de chansons explicites sur la consommation de drogue, le sexe et la glorification de la violence (c’était seulement sur ce dernier thème que réagissait RATM). RATM considérait cela comme de la censure, et c’est ce qui motiva sa réaction.+The two-hour show was syndicated by over 50 commercial U.S. radio stations<ref name="timeline">[http://www.ratm.com/new2/timeline/index.html Official RATM timeline] at [http://www.ratm.com ratm.com].</ref> and streamed live from the band's website. Transcripts of the interviews are freely available online.<ref>[http://www.zmag.org/chomsky/rage/rageQA.html Tom Morello interviewing Noam Chomsky for Radio Free L.A.] at [[Zmag]].org</ref><ref>[http://www.musicfanclubs.org/rage/fire.htm Transcript of interview with Subcommandante Marcos for Radio Free L.A.]</ref>
-==== Contre ''Guess?'' ====+==="Sleep Now in the Fire" video shoot===
-Le [[13 décembre]] [[1997]], Tom Morello fut arrêté, ainsi que 31 personnes<ref>{{en}} [http://www.geocities.com/SunsetStrip/Alley/4764/arrested.htm Tom Morello arrêté pendant une manifestation]</ref> pour avoir bloqué l’accès à certains magasins, en signe de protestation contre la marque de jeans '''Guess?'''. Pendant cette manifestation, l’entrée de la galerie ''Santa Monica Place'' avait également été bloquée.+
-À cette époque, le Département du travail des États-Unis (Department of Labor) enquêtait sur les méthodes de ''Guess?'', suite aux plaintes régulières des employés, qui se disaient, entre autres, exploités par l’entreprise textile.+On [[January 26]], [[2000]], filming of the [[music video]] for "[[Sleep Now in the Fire]]", which was directed by [[Michael Moore]], caused the doors of the [[New York Stock Exchange]] to be closed and the band to be escorted from the site by security,<ref name="greenleft">{{cite web | date=March 15, 2000 | title=Rage against Wall Street | work=[[Green Left Weekly]] ''#397''<nowiki></nowiki> | url=http://www.greenleft.org.au/2000/397/24186 | accessdate=2007-10-11}}</ref> after band members attempted to gain entry into the Exchange<ref>{{cite web | last=Basham | first=David | date=[[January 28]], [[2000]] | title=Rage Against the Machine Shoots New Video With Michael Moore | work=[[MTV News]] | url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1433553/20000128/rage_against_the_machine.jhtml | accessdate=2007-02-17}}</ref>. Trading on the Exchange floor, however, continued uninterrupted<ref>{{cite web | title="New York Stock Exchange Special Closings", 1885-date | work=[[NYSE Group]] | url=http://www.nyse.com/pdfs/closings.pdf | accessdate=2007-04-07}}</ref>.
-=== Polémiques ===+Footage of enthusiastic Wall Street employees [[headbanging]] to Rage's music was used in the final video. "We decided to shoot this video in the belly of the beast", said Moore, who was threatened with arrest during the shooting of the video, despite the band having obtained a permit to perform.<ref name="greenleft"/>
-[[Image:Pochoir Killing in the Name.JPG|thumb|Image datant de 2005, dans la ville [[Autriche|autrichienne]] de [[Linz (Autriche)|Linz]]. Il s’agit d’un pochoir représentant le visage de [[George W. Bush|G.W. Bush]] avec comme légende : ''Killing in the name of'', comme le titre d’une chanson de RATM.]]+
-La controverse sur les concerts de Rage est systématique : il y a les communautés [[amish]] qui étaient persuadées que RATM s’apparentait à un culte diabolique et que les idées que le groupe véhiculait étaient menaçantes ; il y a également les policiers, à qui les membres du groupe avaient souvent affaire à cause de leur conduite ; et enfin la presse, qui s’étonnait de certains agissements du groupe. Par exemple, plusieurs milliers d’Américains furent choqués quand Tim mit le feu au drapeau américain à Woodstock, pendant la chanson ''Killing in the name of''.+===2000 Democratic National Convention===
 +<!-- Please shorten this -->
 +{{see|2000 DNC protest activity}}
 +[[Image:The Democratic National Convention Mumia Abu-Jamal Banner With Rage Against The Machine Fans.jpg|thumb|Protesters at the [[2000 Democratic National Convention]] alongside a Free [[Mumia Abu-Jamal|Mumia]] banner in the style of the cover art from ''[[The Battle of Los Angeles (album)|The Battle of Los Angeles]]'' (1999).]]
 +RATM played a free concert at the [[2000 Democratic National Convention]] in protest of the [[two-party system]]. The band had been considering playing a protest concert there since April of that year.<ref name="dncrs">{{cite web | last=Asch | first=Andrew | date=[[August 15]], 2000 | title=Rage Wage Battle of Los Angeles at DNC | work=[[Rolling Stone]] | url=http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/rageagainstthemachine/articles/story/5923647/rage_wage_battle_of_los_angeles_at_dnc | accessdate=2007-02-19}}</ref> Although they were at first required by the [[Los Angeles, California#Government|City of Los Angeles]] to perform in a small venue at a considerable distance, early in August a [[United States district court]] judge ruled that the City's request was too restrictive and the City subsequently allowed the protests and concert to be held at a site across from the DNC.<ref name="dncrs"/> The police response was to increase security measures, which included a 12&nbsp;ft fence and patrolling by a minimum of 2,000 officers wearing riot gear, as well as additional horses, motorcycles, squad cars and police helicopters.<ref name="dnccnn1">{{cite web |date=August 14, 200 | title=Protest concert due tonight outside convention: Security tight in Los Angeles | work=[[CNN]] | url=http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/08/14/campaign.protest.01/index.html | accessdate=2007-02-19}}</ref> A police spokesperson said they were "gravely concerned because of security reasons".<ref name="dnccnn1"/>
-Rage avait prévu de jouer dans la salle ''The George'' en honneur à [[George Washington]], le [[13 décembre]] [[1997]]. Mais le shériff, William Weister, s’y opposa en essayant de stopper la représentation. Il avait lu des documents qui présentaient le groupe comme étant {{citation|militaire, radical, anti-démocratique, violent et qu'il promouvait l'absence de loi et l'anarchie}}. La tentative d’annulation du concert n’aboutit pas, et le concert se termina sous une forte protection policière. Ce soir-là, Rage entama le concert avec sa version de ''Fuck Tha Police'' (« Nique la police »).+During the concert, de la Rocha said to the crowd, "brothers and sisters, our democracy has been hijacked,"<ref name="dncrs"/> and later also shouted "we have a right to oppose these motherfuckers!"<ref name="dncindy">{{cite web | last=Bleyer | first=Jennifer |date=August 15, 200 | title=LAPD unleashes horses-pepper spray-rubber bullets | work=Scoop Independent News | publisher=[[Indymedia]] | url=http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/WO0008/S00077.htm | accessdate=2007-02-19}}</ref> After the performance, a small group of attendees congregated at the point in the protest area closest to the DNC, facing the police officers, throwing rocks,<ref name="dncsalon">{{cite web | last=York | first=Anthony |date=August 15, 200 | title=Rage against the cops | work=Salon.com Politics | url=http://archive.salon.com/politics/feature/2000/08/14/rage/index.html | accessdate=2007-02-19}}</ref> and possibly engaging in more violent activity, such as throwing glass, concrete and water bottles filled with "noxious agents,"<ref name="dncwsws">{{cite web | last=White | first=Jerry |date=August 17, 200 | title=Los Angeles police attack protesters at Democratic convention | work=World Socialist Web Site | url=http://www.wsws.org/articles/2000/aug2000/la-a17.shtml | accessdate=2007-02-19}}</ref> spraying [[ammonia]] on police and slingshotting rocks and steel balls.<ref name="dnccnn2">{{cite web |date=August 15, 200 | title=Convention opens to protests, rubber bullets | work=[[CNN]] | url=http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/08/15/cvn..protests.ap/index.html | accessdate=2007-02-19}}</ref> The police soon after declared the gathering an [[unlawful assembly]],<ref name="dncindy"/> shut off the electrical supply, interrupting performing band [[Ozomatli]],<ref name="dncsalon"/> and informed the protestors that they had 20 minutes to disperse on pain of arrest.<ref name="dnccnn3">{{cite web |date=August 15, 200 | title=Police defend use of pepper spray, rubber bullets at Democratic Convention protest | work=[[CNN]] | url=http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/08/15/convention.protests.02/index.html | accessdate=2007-02-19}}</ref> Some of the protestors remained, however, including two young men who climbed the fence and waved [[Anarchist symbolism#Black flag|black flags]], who were subsequently shot in the face with pepper spray.<ref name="dnccnn2"/> Police then forcibly dispersed the crowd, using [[Riot control agent|tear gas]], [[pepper spray]] and [[rubber bullet]]s.<ref name="dnccnn2"/> At least six people were arrested in the incident.<ref name="dnccnn3"/>
-Ce ne fut pas la seule polémique lors d’un concert de Rage. Des évènements similaires étaient très communs dans d’autres villes à dominante conservatrice. Cependant, Zack en faisait abstraction et continuait de profiter du temps entre deux chansons pour exprimer son opinion sur des thèmes politiques et sociaux.+The police faced severe and broad criticism for their reaction, with an [[American Civil Liberties Union]] spokesperson saying that it was "nothing less than an orchestrated police riot."<ref name="dncwsws"/> Several primary witnesses reported unnecessarily violent actions and police abuses, including firing on reporters<ref name="dncsalon"/> and people obeying police commands<ref name="dnccnn3"/>. Police responded that their response was "outstanding" and "clearly disciplined."<ref name="dnccnn3"/> De la Rocha said of the incident, "I don't care what fucking television station said the violence was caused by the people at the concert, those motherfuckers unloaded on this crowd. And I think it's ridiculous considering, you know, none of us had rubber bullets, none of us had [[M16 rifle|M16s]], none of us had [[Club (weapon)#Batons, truncheons, and nightsticks|billy clubs]], none of us had [[Riotsquad helmet|face shields]]."<ref>''Live at the Grand Olympic Auditorium'' DVD, Grand Olympic Auditorium performance, part of de la Rocha's speech.</ref>
-==== L’incident pendant les MTV Video Music Awards de 2000 ====+Footage of the protest and ensuing violence, along with an [[MTV News]] report on the incident, was included in the ''[[Live at the Grand Olympic Auditorium#DVD release|Live at the Grand Olympic Auditorium]]'' [[DVD]].
-Pendant la remise des prix des [[MTV Video Music Awards]] de 2000, RATM concourrait pour le prix du meilleur clip de rock (« Best Rock Video »). C’est finalement [[Limp Bizkit]] qui reçut la récompense ; mais alors que [[Fred Durst]] prononçait son discours de remerciements, Tim Commerford escalada un échafaudage au-dessus de la scène et commença à se balancer d’avant en arrière<ref>[http://qn.quotidiano.net/2000/09/08/cuts/img17250.jpg Photo de Tim Commerford au dessus de la scène des MTV Video Music Awards.]</ref>. Fred Durst réagit en déclarant que Limp Bizkit était sans doute {{citation|le groupe le plus haï du monde}}, et la retransmission TV laissa la place aux spots publicitaires. Tim déclara ensuite qu’il ne s’agissait que d’une blague : il était tout de même parvenu à empêcher Limp Bizkit de jouer son titre en live à la télévision. Il finit la nuit au poste avec ses gardes du corps<ref>{{en}} [http://www.mtv.com/music/artist/rage_against_the_machine/bio.jhtml Biographie de Rage Against the Machine où cet incident est relaté.]</ref>.+===Other activism===
 +The band are advocates for the release of former [[Black Panther Party|Black Panther]] and [[Death Row]] inmate [[Mumia Abu-Jamal]] for whom they wrote and recorded the track "Voice of the Voiceless" for their 1999 album ''[[The Battle of Los Angeles (album)|The Battle of Los Angeles]]''. The band performed at a benefit concert with all proceeds donated to the International Concerned Family And Friends Of Mumia Abu-Jamal, and de la Rocha spoke before the [[United Nations Commission on Human Rights]] in support of Abu-Jamal.<ref name="zackun">{{cite book | last = Mciver | first = Joel | title = Nu-Metal- the Next Generation of Rock & Punk | publisher = Omnibus Press | location = London | year = 2002 | isbn = 9780711992092 }}</ref> The band also raised funds and awareness for life-sentenced political activist [[Leonard Peltier]], and documented his case in the video for "[[Freedom (Rage Against the Machine song)|Freedom]]".
-==== L’incident au Saturday Night Live ====+<!-- DO NOT REMOVE THIS IMAGE. IT HAS BEEN DISCUSSED 3 TIMES AND CONSENSUS WAS TO KEEP IT! -->
 +[[Image:Lollapaloozaratm.jpg|thumb|right|RATM protesting against [[Parents Music Resource Center]] at [[Lollapalooza]] 1993.]]
 +At a 1993 [[Lollapalooza]] appearance in [[Philadelphia]], the band stood onstage naked for 15 minutes with [[duct tape]] on their mouths and the letters ''PMRC'' painted on their chests in protest against [[censorship]] by the [[Parents Music Resource Center]].<span title="Image of PMRC protest available at this site."><ref name="velvetland">{{cite web |url= http://www.velvetland.org/music/MUSES/Rage_Against_The_Machine/home.htm |title= Rage Against the Machine |publisher= Velvetland.org |accessdate= 2007-06-24 }} (Image of PMRC protest available at this site.)</ref></span> Refusing to play, they stood in silence with the sound emitted being only [[audio feedback]] from Morello and Commerford's guitars; the band later played a free show for disappointed fans.<ref name="moderndrummer">Micallef, Ken (March 1996), [http://www.musicfanclubs.org/rage/articles/drummer.htm Rage Against The Machine's Brad Wilk], ''[[Modern Drummer]]''. Retrieved [[February 17]], [[2007]].</ref> Tom Morello was arrested for [[civil disobedience]] in October 1997 during a union protest by garment workers and their supporters against the use of [[sweatshop]] labor by [[Guess?]].<ref name="timeline"/> Billboards subsequently appeared in [[Las Vegas, Nevada|Las Vegas]] and [[New York]] featuring a photograph of the band with the caption "Rage Against Sweatshops: We Don't Wear Guess? – A Message from Rage Against the Machine and UNITE (Union of Needletrades Industrial and Textile Employees)."<ref name="timeline"/>
-Le [[10 avril]] [[1996]], Rage devait jouer deux chansons lors de l’émission de la [[National Broadcasting Company|NBC]] ''[[Saturday Night Live]]''. L’invité de la soirée était le richissime ex-candidat [[Parti républicain (États-Unis)|républicain]] à la présidentielle [[Steve Forbes]]. D’après le guitariste, Tom Morello, Rage cherchait un moyen de marquer son opposition au multimillionnaire, qui semblait se consacrer à raconter des blagues et à défendre l’[[impôt à taux unique]] (impôt non proportionnel au revenu), tout en faisant sa profession de foi dans laquelle il rappelait les profondes disparités sociales et ethniques aux États-Unis. Pour illustrer cette déclaration, RATM essaya d’abord, pendant une répétition, d’accrocher deux [[Drapeau des États-Unis|drapeaux des États-Unis]] à l’envers sur les [[Amplificateur pour guitare électrique|amplificateurs]] (comme à son habitude pendant les concerts). Mais les producteurs de ''Saturday Night Live'' et d’autres dirigeants de NBC leur ordonnèrent de les retirer, avançant que les [[Patriotisme|patriotes]] protesteraient, et qu’ils souhaitaient que tout se passe sans anicroche en la présence de Forbes. ''Saturday Night Live'' informa également le groupe qu’ils allaient censurer quelques passages de ''Bullet in the Head'' (qui devait être le second morceau du groupe) à l’antenne, mais également dans le studio, où se trouveraient de la famille et des amis de Forbes.+Some other controversial stands taken include that of the music video for the song "[[Bombtrack (song)|Bombtrack]]", in which RATM expresses support for the [[Peru]]vian [[Guerilla warfare|guerilla]] organization [[Shining Path]] and their incarcerated leader [[Abimael Guzmán]]. Over its career, the band played benefit concerts for organizations such as Rock for Choice, the [[Anti-Nazi League]], the [[United Farm Workers]], children's care organization Para Los Niños and [[Union of Needletrades, Industrial and Textile Employees|UNITE]].<ref name="timeline">[http://www.ratm.com/new2/timeline/index.html Rage Against the Machine: A Time Line], time line of RATM's career, official website. Retrieved February 19, 2007.</ref> 1994 saw the band organizing Latinpalooza, a joint benefit concert for the Leonard Peltier Defense Fund, [[United Farm Workers]], and Para Los Niños. The band also raised funds for [[Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting]], the National Commission for Democracy in Mexico, Women Alive, and played at the [[Tibetan Freedom Concert]] on more than one occasion.<ref name="timeline"/> Album liner notes contained promotional material for [[AK Press]], [[Amnesty International]], the Committee to Support the Revolution in Peru, the Hollywood Sunset Free Clinic, [[Independent Media Center|Indymedia]], Mass Mic, [[Parents for Rock and Rap]], the Popular Resource Center, RE: GENERATION, [[Refuse and Resist]], Revolution Books, the ''[[Dave Marsh|Rock & Rap Confidential]]'', and [[Kathy Kelly#Voices in the Wilderness|Voices in the Wilderness]].
- +
-Le soir de l’émission, après la première chanson et après que les banderoles amenées par des fans du groupe eurent été retirées, quelques officiels de ''Saturday Night Live'' et NBC encerclèrent les membres du groupe et leur ordonnèrent de quitter les lieux. Entendant cela, Tim (le bassiste) fit irruption dans la loge de Forbes et fracassa quelques lampes au sol avant d’être maîtrisé par la sécurité.+
-==== Les "morceaux inappropriés"====+==Discography==
 +{{main|Rage Against the Machine discography}}
 +{{col-begin}}
 +{{col-2}}
 +<big>'''Studio albums'''</big><div style="padding: 10px;">
 +* 1992: ''[[Rage Against the Machine (album)|Rage Against the Machine]]''
 +* 1996: ''[[Evil Empire (album)|Evil Empire]]''
 +* 1999: ''[[The Battle of Los Angeles (album)|The Battle of Los Angeles]]''
 +* 2000: ''[[Renegades (album)|Renegades]]''
 +</div>
-Suite aux attaques terroristes du [[Attentats du 11 septembre 2001|11 septembre 2001]], une rumeur se répandit selon laquelle la totalité des chansons du groupe furent intégrées à une liste de morceaux considérés comme inappropriés par [[Clear Channel Communications|Clear Channel]] (liste rendue publique par l’entreprise) et qu’elle avait recommandé à ses stations d’éviter de diffuser pour éviter de choquer les familles des victimes dans les semaines suivant les attentats<ref>{{en}} [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_%22songs_with_questionable_lyrics%22_following_the_September_11%2C_2001_attacks Le 11 septembre et la censure : Liste des morceaux censurés après le 11 Septembre]</ref>.+{{col-2}}
 +<big>'''Live albums'''</big><div style="padding: 10px;">
 +* 1998: ''[[Live & Rare]]''
 +* 2003: ''[[Live at the Grand Olympic Auditorium]]''
 +</div>
-=== Connexions culturelles ===+<big>'''Videography'''</big><div style="padding: 10px;">
 +* 1997: ''[[Rage Against the Machine (video)|Rage Against the Machine]]''
 +* 1999: ''[[The Battle of Mexico City]]''
 +* 2003: ''[[Live at the Grand Olympic Auditorium#DVD_release|Live at the Grand Olympic Auditorium]]''
 +</div>
 +{{col-end}}
-* [[Michael Moore]], qui réalisa les vidéos ''Sleep Now in the Fire'' et ''Testify'', est un autre artiste célèbre pour ses documentaires critiques et acérés sur la politique conservatrice de l’Amérique du Nord, comme le montrent ses films [[Fahrenheit 9/11]] sur les [[attentats du 11 septembre 2001]] et [[Bowling for Columbine]] qui dénonce le port d'arme au [[États-Unis]]. Il a d’ailleurs été accusé d’antipatriotisme pour ces films.+==Awards==
 +===Grammy Awards===
 +* '''[[Best Metal Performance]] (1997) - "[[Tire Me (song)|Tire Me]]" ([[Grammy Awards|Grammy Winner]])'''
 +* [[Best Hard Rock Performance]] (1997) - "[[Bulls on Parade]]" (Grammy Nominee)
 +* Best Hard Rock Performance (1998) - "[[People of the Sun]]" (Grammy Nominee)
 +* Best Metal Performance (1999) - "[[No Shelter]]" (Grammy Nominee)
 +* '''Best Hard Rock Performance (2001) - "[[Guerrilla Radio]]" (Grammy Winner)'''
 +* Best Hard Rock Performance (2002) - "[[Renegades of Funk#Rage Against the Machine cover|Renegades of Funk]]" (Grammy Nominee)
-* Les contributions du professeur de linguistique [[Noam Chomsky]] à la politique inspirèrent énormément le groupe. Chomsky a toujours été un critique incisif de la politique du gouvernement américain.+===MTV Music Awards===
 +* [[MTV Video Music Award for Best Rock Video|Best Rock Video]] (1996) - "Bulls on Parade" (Nominee) (lost to [[Metallica]]'s "[[Until it Sleeps]]")
 +* [[MTV Video Music Award for Best Rock Video|Best Rock Video]] (1997) - "People of the Sun" (Nominee) (lost to [[Aerosmith]]'s "[[Falling in Love (Is Hard on the Knees)]]")
 +* [[MTV Video Music Award for Best Rock Video|Best Rock Video]] (2000) - "[[Sleep Now in the Fire]]" (Nominee) (lost To [[Limp Bizkit]]'s "[[Break Stuff]]")
 +At the 2000 MTV VMAs Tim Commerford climbed to the top of the stage set and nearly brought the left stage down, it in protest of the fact that Limp Bizkit, whose video was merely other celebrities lip-synching the words to the song "[[Break Stuff]]" in front of the band performing, won Best Rock Video instead of Rage Against the Machine's "[[Sleep Now in the Fire]]". <ref>{{cite news |first=John |last=Zahlaway |title=Rage Bassist Pleads Guilty To Misdemeanor After Disrupting MTV Awards |url=http://www.livedaily.com/news/1777.html |publisher=Live Daily |date=[[2000-09-08]] |accessdate=2007-12-26 }}</ref>
-* Deux albums hommages sont sortis après la dissolution du groupe : ''Freedom: A Tribute to Rage Against the Machine'' (une version espagnole existe aussi) en 2001 et ''A Tribute to Rage Against the Machine'' réalisé par divers musiciens en 2003.+==Notes==
 +{{reflist|2}}
-== Collaborations ==+==References==
 +*Devenish, Colin (2001), ''Rage Against the Machine'': [[St. Martin's Press|St. Martin's Griffin]] ISBN 0-312-27316-6
-* Le 20 janvier 1997, Rage donne un concert nommé « Radio Free L.A. », avec [[Michael Balzary|Flea]] des [[Red Hot Chili Peppers]]. Pendant ce concert, des versions inédites de quelques chansons de ''Evil Empire'' sont jouées.+==External links==
- +{{commonscat|Rage Against the Machine}}
-* En [[1998 en musique|1998]], Tom Morello (le guitariste) collabore avec des musiciens comme [[Primus]], il participa à l'album [[Antipop]], [[Liam Howlett]] de [[The Prodigy]], [[Henry Rollins]], [[Bone Thugs-N-Harmony]], [[Cypress Hill]] ou The Indigo Girls, pendant que le reste du groupe travaille avec des artistes comme [[Snoop Dogg]], et que Zack chante avec [[KRS-One]] et Last Emperor pour une compilation hip-hop intitulée ''Lyricist’s Lounge''.+* [http://www.ratm.com/ The official Rage Against the Machine site]
- +* [http://www.axisofjustice.org/ Axis of Justice] Tom Morello and [[Serj Tankian]]'s activist website
-* Le groupe contribue à quelques bandes originales de films, avec ''No Shelter'' dans ''[[Godzilla (film, 1998)|Godzilla]]''<ref>[http://www.stlyrics.com/g/godzilla.htm Tracklist de la BO de Godzilla]</ref>, ''Darkness'' (une ancienne démo) dans ''[[The Crow (film)|The Crow]]''<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B000002IWH/103-0084445-0812670?v=glance&n=5174 ''The Crow'' sur Amazon]</ref>, ainsi que ''Year of the Boomerang'' (chanson qui sera incluse plus tard dans ''Evil Empire''), dans le film ''Higher Learning''.+* {{allmusicguide|id=11:kpfpxqw5ldje~T1}}
- +
-* En [[1999 en musique|1999]], le groupe joue lors de plusieurs festivals importants, comme ceux de [[Festival de Woodstock|Woodstock]], [[The Fuji Festival]] (au [[Japon]]), ainsi que le Tibetan Freedom Concert. Rage organise également un concert au profit de Mumia Abu-Jamal, avec les [[Beastie Boys]]. Ce concert fait beaucoup de bruit dans les médias<ref>{{en}} [http://www.cnn.com/US/9901/28/mumia.concert.01/index.html Un article de CNN]</ref>.+
- +
-* La même année, RATM participe à la bande originale du film [[Matrix]] en posant le titre ''Wake Up'' au générique de l’œuvre des [[frères Wachowski]]. Cette participation fait connaître le groupe auprès des fans de la culture [[cyberpunk]] que touche le film. Les [[Producteur de cinéma|producteurs]] n’hésiteront pas à utiliser d’autres titres de Rage Against The Machine dans les deux suites du film.+
- +
-== Discographie ==+
- +
-{| border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="250px" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0 0 0 0.5em" class="wikitable"+
-|+
-=== Clips ===+
- +
-:* ''Bombtrack'', [[1992]] <br />+
-:* ''Killing in the Name'', [[1993]] <br />+
-:* ''Know Your Enemy'', 1993 <br />+
-:* ''Bullet in the Head'', 1993 <br />+
-:* ''Freedom'', [[1994]] <br />+
-:* ''Bulls on Parade'', [[1995]] <br />+
-:* ''Tire Me'', [[1996]] <br />+
-:* ''People of the Sun'', 1996 <br />+
-:* ''Down Rodeo'', 1996 <br />+
-:* ''No Shelter'', [[1998]] <br />+
-:* ''Sleep Now in the Fire'', [[1999]]<ref name="Moore">Vidéo-clips réalisés par [[Michael Moore]].</ref> <br />+
-:* ''Guerrilla Radio'', 1999 <br />+
-:* ''Testify'', [[2000]]<ref name=Moore/> <br />+
-:* ''Calm Like a Bomb'', 2000 <br />+
-:* ''The Ghost of Tom Joad'', [[2001]] <br />+
-:* ''Renegades of Funk'', [[2002]] <br />+
-:* ''How I Could Just Kill a Man'', 2002+
-|-+
-|}+
- +
-=== Albums ===+
-==== Albums studio ====+
-*''[[Rage Against the Machine (album)|Rage Against the Machine]]'', [[1992]], meilleur classement au [[US Billboard Peak]] : 45{{e}}, 3 fois « disque de platine » pour les ventes aux USA<ref name="RIAA">[http://www.riaa.com/gp/database/search_results.asp Recording Industry Association of America] [[Recording Industry Association of America|RIAA]]</ref>.+
-:C’est le premier album du groupe, précurseur d’un style qui explosera à la fin des années 90 sous l’impulsion de groupes comme [[Limp Bizkit]] ou [[Linkin Park]], bien qu’ils soient plus orientés pop.+
-:L’album occupa la première place du Top 200 du ''[[Billboard magazine]]'', et reste 45{{e}} dans le ''top 200'' du magazine.+
-*''[[Evil Empire]]'', [[1996]], meilleur classement au US Billboard Peak : 1{{er}}, 3 fois « disque de platine » pour les ventes aux USA<ref name="RIAA" />.+
-:C’est le deuxième album du groupe, en français : ''L’Empire du Mal''. Il prit dès le départ la première place du Top 200 du magazine ''Billboard''.+
-*''[[The Battle of Los Angeles]]'', [[1999]], meilleur classement au US Billboard Peak : 1{{er}}, 2 fois « disque de platine » pour les ventes aux USA<ref name="RIAA" />.+
-:En français, ''La Bataille de Los Angeles'' ; il s’agit du troisième album studio du groupe. Comme le précédent, il rentra immédiatement en première place du Top 200 du magazine ''Billboard''. Ce fut l’album le plus populaire du groupe et celui qui suscita le plus d’intérêt au niveau international.+
-*''[[Renegades]]'', [[2000]], meilleur classement au US Billboard Peak : 14{{e}}, « disque de platine » pour les ventes aux USA<ref name="RIAA" />.+
-:Ce disque contient exclusivement des reprises d’autres groupes comme [[Minor Threat]], [[MC5]], [[The Rolling Stones]], [[Cypress Hill]] ou [[Devo]]. Il sortit en 2000, au moment où Zack annonça qu’il quittait le groupe.+
-*''the ghost of tom joad: 3 chansons. 2 en live: vietnow et the ghost ot tom joad. 1 chanson en studio:the ghost of tom joad+
- +
-==== Albums Live ====+
-*''[[Live & Rare]]'', [[1998]]+
-:C’est une compilation de titres joués en live pendant la tournée du groupe en [[Europe]] et en [[Asie]]. Le disque contient également deux titres inédits : ''Darkness'' et ''Clear the Lane''.+
-*''[[Live at the Grand Olympic Auditorium]]'', [[2003]] (un CD et un DVD sortis séparément), meilleur classement au US Billboard Peak : #94, « disque d’or » pour les ventes aux USA<ref name="RIAA" />.+
-:Disque « posthume » (il est sorti après la séparation du groupe), il s’agit de l’enregistrement du concert au ''Grand Olympic Auditorium'' de Los Angeles, Californie.+
- +
-=== Singles ===+
- +
-{|class="wikitable" align="center" style="background: #ffffff;"+
-!!align="center" style="background: #f0f0f0;" rowspan="2" | Année+
-!!align="center" style="background: #f0f0f0;" rowspan="2" | Single+
-!!align="center" style="background: #f0f0f0;" colspan="3" | Meilleur classement+
-!!align="center" style="background: #f0f0f0;" rowspan="2" | Album+
-!!align="center" style="background: #f0f0f0;" rowspan="2" | Informations diverses+
-|-+
-! width="60"|<small>{{flagicon|France}}<small>+
-! width="60"|<small>{{flagicon|USA}}</small><ref>[http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/genre_index.jsp Classement du Billboard, par genre]</ref>+
-! width="60"|<small>[[Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|22px]]<small>+
- +
-|-+
- +
-|align="center"|[[1993]]+
-|align="left"|''Killing in the Name Of''+
-|align="center"|-+
-|align="center"|-+
-|align="center"|-+
-|align="center"|''[[Rage Against the Machine (album)|Rage Against the Machine]]''+
-|align="center"|Apparaît sur la bande sonore des jeux vidéo ''[[Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas]]'' et ''[[Guitar Hero II]]''.+
-|-+
-|align="center"|1993+
-|align="left"|''Bullet in the Head''+
-|align="center"|-+
-|align="center"|-+
-|align="center"|-+
-|align="center"|''Rage Against the Machine''+
-|align="center"|+
-|-+
-|align="center"|1993+
-|align="left"|''Bombtrack''+
-|align="center"|-+
-|align="center"|-+
-|align="center"|-+
-|align="center"|''Rage Against the Machine''+
-|align="center"|+
-|-+
-|align="center"|1993+
-|align="left"|''Know Your Enemy''+
-|align="center"|-+
-|align="center"|-+
-|align="center"|-+
-|align="center"|''Rage Against the Machine''+
-|align="center"|+
-|-+
-|align="center"|[[1994]]+
-|align="left"|''Freedom''+
-|align="center"|-+
-|align="center"|-+
-|align="center"|-+
-|align="center"|''Rage Against the Machine''+
-|align="center"|+
-|-+
-|align="center"|[[1996]]+
-|align="left"|''Bulls on Parade''+
-|align="center"|27+
-|align="center"|11+
-|align="center"|8+
-|align="center"|''[[Evil Empire]]''+
-|align="center"|Nominé au [[Grammy Award]] pour la « Best Hard Rock Performance » ; classé 15{{e}} des ''[[40 Greatest Metal Songs]]'' sur la chaîne câblée [[VH1]].+
-|-+
-|align="center"|1996+
-|align="left"|''People of the Sun''+
-|align="center"|-+
-|align="center"|-+
-|align="center"|-+
-|align="center"|''Evil Empire''+
-|align="center"|Nominé au Grammy Award pour la « Best Hard Rock Performance ». +
-|-+
-|align="center"|1996+
-|align="left"|''Down Rodeo''+
-|align="center"|-+
-|align="center"|-+
-|align="center"|-+
-|align="center"|''Evil Empire''+
-|align="center"|+
-|-+
-|align="center"|[[1997]]+
-|align="left"|''Vietnow'', featuring [[Chuck D]]+
-|align="center"|-+
-|align="center"|-+
-|align="center"|-+
-|align="center"|''Evil Empire''+
-|align="center"|+
-|-+
-|align="center"|[[1998]]+
-|align="left"|''The Ghost of Tom Joad''+
-|align="center"|-+
-|align="center"|34+
-|align="center"|-+
-|align="center"|-+
-|align="center"|[[Reprise]] de la chanson de [[Bruce Springsteen]] ; plus tard présent sur ''[[Renegades]]''.+
-|-+
-|align="center"|1998+
-|align="left"|''No Shelter''+
-|align="center"|-+
-|align="center"|30+
-|align="center"|-+
-|align="center"|-+
-|align="center"|Nominé au Grammy Award pour la « Best Metal Performance » ; apparaît sur la bande originale de ''[[Godzilla (film, 1998)|Godzilla]]''.+
-|-+
-|align="center"|[[1999]]+
-|align="left"|''Guerrilla Radio''+
-|align="center"|-+
-|align="center"|6+
-|align="center"|-+
-|align="center"|''[[The Battle of Los Angeles]]''+
-|align="center"|Nominé au Grammy Award pour la « Best Hard Rock Performance » ; apparaît sur la bande musicale du jeu vidéo ''[[Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 2|Tony Hawk’s Pro Skater 2]]''.+
-|-+
-|align="center"|[[2000]]+
-|align="left"|''Sleep Now in the Fire''+
-|align="center"|-+
-|align="center"|8+
-|align="center"|-+
-|align="center"|''The Battle of Los Angeles''+
-|align="center"|Apparaît sur la bande originale du film ''[[Charlie et ses drôles de dames 2 : Les Anges se déchaînent]]'' ; générique de ''On the Rock'' sur [[Music Television|MTV]]. +
-|-+
-|align="center"|2000+
-|align="left"|''Testify''+
-|align="center"|-+
-|align="center"|16+
-|align="center"|-+
-|align="center"|''The Battle of Los Angeles''+
-|align="center"|+
-|-+
-|align="center"|2000+
-|align="left"|''Calm Like A Bomb''+
-|align="center"|-+
-|align="center"|-+
-|align="center"|-+
-|align="center"|''The Battle of Los Angeles''+
-|align="center"|Apparaît sur la bande originale du film ''[[Matrix Reloaded]]''.+
-|-+
-|align="center"|2000+
-|align="left"|''Renegades of Funk''+
-|align="center"|-+
-|align="center"|9+
-|align="center"|-+
-|align="center"|''[[Renegades]]''+
-|align="center"|Reprise de la chanson d’[[Afrika Bambaataa]] ; nominé au Grammy Award pour la « Best Hard Rock Performance ».+
-|-+
-|align="center"|[[2001]]+
-|align="left"|''How I Could Just Kill a Man''+
-|align="center"|-+
-|align="center"|37+
-|align="center"|-+
-|align="center"|''Renegades''+
-|align="center"|Reprise de la chanson de [[Cypress Hill]].+
-|}+
- +
-=== DVD ===+
- +
-*''Rage Against the Machine'', [[1997]]+
-:Ce DVD est un assemblage de concerts donnés à Irvine, en Californie, au ''Rock Am Ring Festival'' de [[1996]], et au ''Pink Pop Festival'' de [[1994]]. Il contient également cinq vidéo-clips de chansons des deux premiers albums, ainsi qu’un poème de [[Zack de La Rocha]] (''Memory of the Dead'') et une reprise de [[Bruce Springsteen]], ''The Ghost of Tom Joad''.+
-*''Revolution USA'', [[1999]]+
- +
-*''The Battle of Mexico City'', [[2000]]+
-:Grâce à son soutien de l’[[Armée zapatiste de libération nationale|EZLN]] et aux origines mexicaines de Zack, le groupe comptait de nombreux fans au Mexique. Ce concert était le premier du groupe au Mexique, et les relations du groupe avec le public étaient bien plus qu’un simple rapport d’artistes à fans. Le DVD contient des chansons des 3 premiers albums de RATM et la reprise ''Zapata’s Blood'' (Le sang de Zapata).+
-*''Live at the Grand Olympic Auditorium'', [[2003]]+
-:C’est le dernier concert de Rage Against the Machine, qui a eu lieu au Grand Olympic Auditorium, à Los Angeles, en Californie, le [[13 septembre]] [[2000]]. Les treize titres du DVD incluent une reprise du groupe [[Cypress Hill]] intitulée ''How Could I Just Kill a Man'', qui apparaît aussi sur l’album de reprises ''Renegades'' (voir ci-dessus). Le DVD contient également des vidéos de ''Bombtrack'' et ''How Could I Just Kill a Man'', la performance bénévole du groupe à la Convention Nationale Démocrate du [[18 août]] [[2000]], et deux titres supplémentaires interprétés lors d’autres concerts : ''People of the sun'' et ''Know Your Enemy''.+
-*''Free Tibet concert'', [[2006]]+
-:Enregistrement du concert live rassemblant {{formatnum:100000}} personnes et 20 groupes en soutien au peuple tibétain subissant l’oppression et la persécution. Le DVD contient les performances live, interviews exclusives, images inédites des [[Beastie Boys]], [[Red Hot Chili Peppers]], [[Beck Hansen|Beck]], [[The Fugees]], Rage Against the Machine, [[The Smashing Pumpkins]], [[Björk]], [[Foo Fighters (groupe)|Foo Fighters]], [[Sonic Youth]]…+
- +
-== Récompenses ==+
- +
-{|class="wikitable"+
-|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"+
-!align="left"|Année+
-!align="left"|Prix+
-!align="left"|Récompense+
-!align="left"|Œuvre récompensée+
-|-+
-|align="left"|1996+
-|align="left"|''[[MTV Video Music Awards]]''+
-|align="left"|'''Best Rock Video''' +
-|align="left"|''Bulls on Parade'' (Nominé) : perdant face à [[Metallica]] pour ''Until It Sleeps''+
-|-+
-|align="left"|1997+
-|align="left"|''[[Grammy Award]]''+
-|align="left"|'''Best Metal Performance''' (Meilleure prestation [[Heavy metal (musique)|metal]])+
-|align="left"|''Tire Me'' : vainqueur+
-|-+
-|align="left"|1997+
-|align="left"|''Grammy Award''+
-|align="left"|'''Best Hard Rock Performance''' (Meilleure prestation [[Hard rock]])+
-|align="left"|''Bulls on Parade'' (Nominé)+
-|-+
-|align="left"|1997+
-|align="left"|''MTV Video Music Awards''+
-|align="left"|'''Best Rock Video''' +
-|align="left"|''People of the Sun'' (Nominé) : perdant face à [[Aerosmith]] pour ''Falling in Love (Is Hard on the Knees)''+
-|-+
-|align="left"|1998+
-|align="left"|''Grammy Award''+
-|align="left"|'''Best Hard Rock Performance''' (Meilleure prestation Hard rock)+
-|align="left"|''People of the Sun'' (Nominé)+
-|-+
-|align="left"|1999+
-|align="left"|''Grammy Award''+
-|align="left"|'''Best Metal Performance''' (Meilleure prestation metal)+
-|align="left"|''No Shelter'' (Nominé)+
-|-+
-|align="left"|2000+
-|align="left"|''MTV Video Music Awards''+
-|align="left"|'''Best Rock Video''' +
-|align="left"|''Sleep Now in the Fire'' (Nominé) : perdant face à [[Limp Bizkit]] pour ''Break Stuff''+
-|-+
-|align="left"|2001+
-|align="left"|''Grammy Award''+
-|align="left"|'''Best Hard Rock Performance''' (Meilleure prestation Hard rock)+
-|align="left"|''Guerilla Radio'' : vainqueur+
-|-+
-|align="left"|2002+
-|align="left"|''Grammy Award''+
-|align="left"|'''Best Hard Rock Performance''' (Meilleure prestation Hard rock)+
-|align="left"|''Renegades of Funk'' (Nominé)+
-|}+
- +
-== Voir aussi ==+
-{{CommonsCat|Rage Against the Machine|Rage Against the Machine}}+
-=== Articles connexes ===+
-*[[Antimondialisation]]+
-*{{en}} [[:en:List of songs deemed inappropriate after Sept. 11 by Clear Channel|Liste des chansons censurées par le Clear Channel après le 11 septembre]]+
-*[[Audioslave]]+
-*[[40 Greatest Metal Songs]]+
- +
-=== Liens externes ===+
-* {{en}} [http://www.ratm.com/ Site officiel]+
-* {{en}} [http://www.epicrecords.com/ratm RATM chez Epic Records]+
-* {{en}} [http://www.zdlr.net/ Zack de La Rocha Network (actualités)]+
-* {{fr}} [http://membres.lycos.fr/ratm/ Site de fans]+
-* {{en}} [http://www.musicfanclubs.org/rage/ Site de fans]+
-* {{en}} [http://www.accidentprone.com/ragefaq/ramfaq32.txt Questions fréquentes à propos de RATM]+
-* {{en}} [http://www.albany.edu/scj/jcjpc/vol9is3/finley.html Une analyse des paroles] qui met l’accent sur leur aspect révolutionnaire.+
- +
-=== Bibliographie ===+
-* {{en}} Colin Devenish, ''Rage Against the Machine'', 2001, Holtzbrinck Publishers, ISBN 0312273266+
-* {{fr}} Jota Martinez Galiana, ''Rage Against The Machine, en furie contre le système'', 1998, Éd. La Mascara, Images du rock, ISBN 8479745673+
- +
-=== Notes et références ===+
-{{Traduction/Référence|es|Rage Against the Machine|5112816}} +
-{{Traduction/Référence|en|Rage Against the Machine}} +
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- +[[Category:American heavy metal musical groups]]
-[[Catégorie:Groupe de musique de Los Angeles]]+[[Category:American socialists]]
-[[Catégorie:Groupe de rock américain]]+[[Category:California heavy metal musical groups]]
-[[Catégorie:Groupe de metal alternatif]]+[[Category:Grammy Award winners]]
-[[Catégorie:Groupe de funk metal]]+[[Category:Musical groups established in 1991]]
-[[Catégorie:Groupe de Fusion]]+[[Category:Quartets]]
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 +[[Category:Rap metal groups]]
 +[[Category:Rapcore groups]]
 +[[Category:Reunited musical groups]]
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Version actuelle

Modèle:Infobox musical artist

Rage Against the Machine is an American rock band formed in Modèle:City-state in 1991. The band's continual members have been vocalist Zack de la Rocha, guitarist Tom Morello, bassist Tim Commerford and drummer Brad Wilk. Rage Against the Machine is noted for its blend of hip hop, heavy metal, punk and funk as well as its revolutionary politics and lyrics. Rage Against the Machine drew inspiration from early metal instrumentation, as well as rap acts such as Public Enemy and Afrika Bambaataa. The group's music is based primarily on de la Rocha's rhyming styles and Morello's unusual guitar techniques.

Rage Against the Machine released their debut album Rage Against the Machine in 1992, which became a commercial success. Following a slot on the 1993 Lollapalooza, the band did not release a follow-up record until Evil Empire in 1996. The band's third album The Battle of Los Angeles was released in 1999. During their initial nine year run, they became one of the most popular and influential political bands in contemporary music.<ref name="Devenish">Devenish, Colin (2001), Rage Against the Machine: St. Martin's Griffin ISBN 0-312-27316-6</ref>

The band released their fourth studio album Renegades in 2000 and broke up shortly afterwards. Zack de la Rocha started a low-key solo career; the rest of the band formed the rock supergroup Audioslave with former Soundgarden frontman Chris Cornell. In April 2007 Rage Against the Machine performed together for the first time in seven years at the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival. The band has continued to perform at multiple live venues since.

Sommaire

History

Early years (1991–1992)

In 1991, guitarist Tom Morello left his old band, Lock Up, looking to start another band. Morello was in a club in L.A where Zack de la Rocha was free-style rapping. Morello was impressed by de la Rocha's lyric books, and asked him to be the vocalist in a band. Morello called and drafted drummer Brad Wilk, who had previously auditioned for Lock Up, while de la Rocha convinced his childhood friend Tim Commerford to join as bassist. The newly christened Rage Against the Machine named themselves after a song de la Rocha had written for his former popular underground Hardcore band, Inside Out (also to be the title of the unrecorded Inside Out full-length album).<ref>Myers, Ben (October 16, 1999), www.urban75.org/archive/news044.html Concert de soutien à Mumia Abu-Jamal]</ref>, Leonard Peltier, la ligue anti-nazi et participent au Rock for Choice. En 1993, ils sont de retour à Lollapalooza (sur la première scène cette fois). À Philadelphie, leur renommée prend de l’ampleur quand ils protestent contre la censure, en particulier contre Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC), en restant sur la scène complètement nus pendant 14 minutes. Le lendemain, ils donnent un concert gratuit dans Los Angeles<ref name=PMRC>La photo sur la scène du Lollapalooza (floutée)</ref>.//www.musicfanclubs.org/rage/articles/kerrang1099.htm Hello, Hello... ...It's Good To Be Back], Kerrang!. Retrieved February 27, 2007.</ref> Kent McClard, with whom Inside Out were associated, had previously coined the phrase in a 1989 article in his zine No Answers.<ref>McClard, Kent, www.urban75.org/archive/news044.html Concert de soutien à Mumia Abu-Jamal]</ref>, Leonard Peltier, la ligue anti-nazi et participent au Rock for Choice. En 1993, ils sont de retour à Lollapalooza (sur la première scène cette fois). À Philadelphie, leur renommée prend de l’ampleur quand ils protestent contre la censure, en particulier contre Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC), en restant sur la scène complètement nus pendant 14 minutes. Le lendemain, ils donnent un concert gratuit dans Los Angeles<ref name=PMRC>La photo sur la scène du Lollapalooza (floutée)</ref>.//www.ebullition.com/catalog.html#5 History] of Ebullition Records. Retrieved February 19, 2007</ref>

Shortly after forming, they gave their first public performance in Orange County, California, where a friend of Commerford's was holding a house party. The blueprint for the group's major-label debut album was laid on a twelve-song self-released cassette, the cover image of which was the stock-market with a single match taped to the inlay card. Not all 12 songs made it onto the final album—two were eventually included as B-sides, with the remaining three songs never seeing an official release.<ref> Woodlief , Mark




.    Rage Against the Machine 
. TrouserPress.com 
   

. Retrieved on 2007-01-07. </ref>

Several record labels expressed interest, and the band eventually signed with Epic Records. Morello said, "Epic agreed to everything we asked—and they've followed through.… We never saw a[n] [ideological] conflict as long as we maintained creative control."<ref name="officialfaq">www.urban75.org/archive/news044.html Concert de soutien à Mumia Abu-Jamal]</ref>, Leonard Peltier, la ligue anti-nazi et participent au Rock for Choice. En 1993, ils sont de retour à Lollapalooza (sur la première scène cette fois). À Philadelphie, leur renommée prend de l’ampleur quand ils protestent contre la censure, en particulier contre Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC), en restant sur la scène complètement nus pendant 14 minutes. Le lendemain, ils donnent un concert gratuit dans Los Angeles<ref name=PMRC>La photo sur la scène du Lollapalooza (floutée)</ref>.//web.archive.org/web/20060526032423/http://www.ratm.de/faq/ragefaq.html Rage Against the Machine FAQ], Internet Archive cache of FAQ on the official Rage Against the Machine website. Retrieved February 17, 2007</ref>

Mainstream success (1992–2000)

Image:Pochoir Killing in the Name.JPG
Lyrics from RATM's debut single, "Killing in the Name", appear throughout popular culture.

Modèle:Sound sample box align right Modèle:Listen Modèle:Sample box end The band's debut album, Rage Against the Machine, reached triple platinum status, driven by heavy radio play of the song "Killing in the Name", a heavy, driving track repeating six lines of lyrics. The uncensored version, which contains 17 iterations of the word fuck, was once notoriously played on the BBC Radio 1 Top 40 singles show.<ref> Robinson , John



     (January 29, 2000)
   
.    The Revolution Will Not be Trivialised 
. NME

. Retrieved on 2007-02-19. </ref> The album's cover pictured Thích Quảng Đức, a Vietnamese Buddhist monk, burning himself to death in Saigon in 1963 in protest of the murder of Buddhists by Prime Minister Ngô Đình Diệm's regime. To promote the album and its core message of social justice and equality, the band went on tour, playing at Lollapalooza 1993 and as support for Suicidal Tendencies in Europe.

After their debut album, the band appeared on the soundtrack for the film Higher Learning with the song "Year of tha Boomerang". An early version of "Tire Me" would also appear during the movie. Subsequently, they recorded an original song, "Darkness", for the soundtrack of The Crow and also "No Shelter" appeared on the Godzilla soundtrack. Modèle:Sound sample box align right Modèle:Listen Modèle:Sample box end Rage Against The Machine's second album, Evil Empire, entered Billboard's Top 200 chart at number one in 1996. The song "Bulls on Parade" was performed on Saturday Night Live in April 1996. Their planned two-song performance was cut to one song when the band attempted to hang inverted American flags from their amplifiers (a sign of distress or great danger), a protest against having Republican presidential candidate Steve Forbes as guest host on the program that night.

Image:RATM - live.jpg
Rage Against The Machine is known for its energetic live shows

In 1997, the band opened for U2 on their PopMart Tour, for which all Rage's profits went to support social organisations.<ref>www.urban75.org/archive/news044.html Concert de soutien à Mumia Abu-Jamal]</ref>, Leonard Peltier, la ligue anti-nazi et participent au Rock for Choice. En 1993, ils sont de retour à Lollapalooza (sur la première scène cette fois). À Philadelphie, leur renommée prend de l’ampleur quand ils protestent contre la censure, en particulier contre Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC), en restant sur la scène complètement nus pendant 14 minutes. Le lendemain, ils donnent un concert gratuit dans Los Angeles<ref name=PMRC>La photo sur la scène du Lollapalooza (floutée)</ref>.//www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A730883 BBC.co.uk h2g2 entry for Rage Against the Machine]</ref> including U.N.I.T.E. , Women Alive and the Zapatista Front for National Liberation.<ref> Rage Against the Machine and U2 Make a Perfect Pairing

 (newspaper article)
. The State

 

. Retrieved on 2007-07-11. </ref> Rage subsequently began an abortive headlining US tour with special guests Wu-Tang Clan. Police in several jurisdictions unsuccessfully attempted to have the concerts cancelled, citing amongst other reasons, the bands' "violent and anti-law enforcement philosophies".<ref> Police Censorship Targets Rage

 (online article)
. Revolutionary Worker #925

 

. Retrieved on 2007-07-11. </ref><ref> Judge Gives Go-Ahead For Rage Concert Tomorrow At The Gorge

 (newspaper article)
. Seattle Times

 

. Retrieved on 2007-07-11. </ref> On the Japan leg of their tour promoting Evil Empire, a bootleg album composed of the band's B-side recordings titled Live & Rare was released by Sony Records. A live video, also titled Rage Against the Machine, was released later the same year.

The following release, The Battle of Los Angeles also debuted at number one in 1999, selling 450,000 copies the first week and then going double-platinum. That same year the song "Wake Up" was featured on the soundtrack of the film The Matrix. The track "Calm Like a Bomb" was later featured in the film's sequel, 2003's The Matrix Reloaded. In 2000, the band planned to support the Beastie Boys on the "Rhyme and Reason" tour; however, the tour was cancelled when Beastie Boys drummer Mike D suffered a serious injury.<ref> Really Randoms: Jessica Simpson, Oasis

 (magazine article)
. Rolling Stone

 

. Retrieved on 2007-07-11. </ref>

Break-up and subsequent projects (2000–2006)

On October 18, 2000, de la Rocha released a statement announcing his departure from the band. He said, "I feel that it is now necessary to leave Rage because our decision-making process has completely failed. It is no longer meeting the aspirations of all four of us collectively as a band, and from my perspective, has undermined our artistic and political ideal."<ref name="zackquit"> Armstrong , Mark



     (October 18, 2000)
   
.    Zack de la Rocha Leaves Rage Against the Machine 
. MTV News

. Retrieved on 2007-02-17. </ref> The bands final studio album, Renegades, released shortly after the band's dissolution, was a collection of covers of artists as diverse as Devo, Cypress Hill, Minor Threat, MC5, Bruce Springsteen and Bob Dylan. The following year saw the release of another live video, The Battle of Mexico City, and 2003 saw the release of a live album titled Live at the Grand Olympic Auditorium, an edited recording of the band's final two concerts on September 12 and 13, 2000 at the Grand Olympic Auditorium in Los Angeles. It was accompanied by an expanded DVD release of the last show, and also included the previously unreleased music video for "Bombtrack".

Image:Audioslave 2005.jpg
Wilk, Commerford and Morello performing with Chris Cornell as Audioslave at the Montreux Jazz Festival in 2005.

After the group's breakup, Morello, Wilk, and Commerford briefly tried to replace de la Rocha in RATM. Rumoured vocalists at the time included Rey Oropeza of downset., Chuck D of Public Enemy, and B-Real of Cypress Hill. However, the band teamed up with former Soundgarden singer Chris Cornell to form a new band, Audioslave. The first Audioslave single, "Cochise", was released in early November 2002, and the debut album, Audioslave, followed to mainly positive reviews. Their second album Out of Exile debuted at the number one position on the Billboard charts in 2005. The band released a third album named Revelations on September 5, 2006. The band vowed to have a "one-album-per-year" schedule, until the departure of Chris Cornell on February 15, 2007.<ref name="cornellquit"> Harris , Chris



     (February 15, 2007)
   
.    Chris Cornell Talks Audioslave Split, Nixes Rumors Of Soundgarden Reunion 
. MTV News

. Retrieved on 2007-02-16. </ref>

Morello began his own solo career in 2003, playing political acoustic folk music at open-mic nights and various clubs under the alias The Nightwatchman. He first participated in Billy Bragg's Tell Us the Truth tour<ref> Wiederhorn , Jon



     (October 22, 2003)
   
.    Tom Morello Rages Against A New Machine On Solo Acoustic Tour 
. MTV News

. Retrieved on 2007-02-18. </ref> with no plans to record,<ref> Moss , Corey



     (July 29, 2004)
   
.    Audioslave's Morello Says New LP Feels Less Like Soundgarden + Rage 
. MTV News

. Retrieved on 2007-02-18. </ref> but later recorded a song for Songs and Artists that Inspired Fahrenheit 9/11, "No One Left". In February 2007, he announced a solo album, entitled One Man Revolution, which was released in April 2007.<ref name="firedup"> Harris , Chris



     (February 6, 2007)
   
.    Nightwatchman, Rage Reunion Have Morello Fired Up For Political Fights 
. MTV News

. Retrieved on 2007-02-18. </ref>

Meanwhile, de la Rocha had been working on a solo album collaboration with DJ Shadow, Company Flow, and The Roots' ?uestlove,<ref name="zackquit"/> but dropped the project in favor of working with Nine Inch Nails' Trent Reznor.<ref name="reznor"> Moss , Corey



     (May 10, 2005)
   
.    Reznor Says Collabos With De La Rocha, Keenan May Never Surface 
. MTV News

. Retrieved on 2007-02-17. </ref> Recording was completed, but the album will probably never be released.<ref> Gargano , Paul



     (October 2005)
   
.    Nine Inch Nails (interview) 
. Maximum Ink Music Magazine

. Retrieved on 2007-02-17. </ref> A collaboration between de la Rocha and DJ Shadow, the song "March of Death" was released for free over the World Wide Web in 2003 in protest against the imminent invasion of Iraq,<ref>www.urban75.org/archive/news044.html Concert de soutien à Mumia Abu-Jamal]</ref>, Leonard Peltier, la ligue anti-nazi et participent au Rock for Choice. En 1993, ils sont de retour à Lollapalooza (sur la première scène cette fois). À Philadelphie, leur renommée prend de l’ampleur quand ils protestent contre la censure, en particulier contre Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC), en restant sur la scène complètement nus pendant 14 minutes. Le lendemain, ils donnent un concert gratuit dans Los Angeles<ref name=PMRC>La photo sur la scène du Lollapalooza (floutée)</ref>.//www.zackdelarocha.com/ Zack de la Rocha.com], official website promoting "March of Death". Retrieved February 17, 2007.</ref> and the 2004 soundtrack Songs and Artists that Inspired Fahrenheit 9/11 included one of the collaborations with Reznor, "We Want It All".<ref name="reznor"/> In late 2005, de la Rocha was seen singing and playing the jarana with Son Jarocho band Son de Madera on multiple occasions.<ref>"King of Rage Onstage Again" (February 2006), Spin.</ref>

Members of the band had been offered large sums of money to reunite for concerts and tours, and had turned the offers down.<ref> Chris Cornell Working on Solo Release - But Dismisses Rumors of Audioslave Split

. MTV News
. MTV.com  
 

 

. Retrieved on 2007-01-07. </ref> Rumors of bad blood between de la Rocha and the other former band members subsequently circulated, but Commerford said that he and de la Rocha see each other often and go surfing together, while Morello said he and de la Rocha communicate by phone, and had met up at a September 15, 2005 protest in support of the South Central Farm.<ref>Rockline interviews Audioslave. August 29, 2006. www.urban75.org/archive/news044.html Concert de soutien à Mumia Abu-Jamal]</ref>, Leonard Peltier, la ligue anti-nazi et participent au Rock for Choice. En 1993, ils sont de retour à Lollapalooza (sur la première scène cette fois). À Philadelphie, leur renommée prend de l’ampleur quand ils protestent contre la censure, en particulier contre Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC), en restant sur la scène complètement nus pendant 14 minutes. Le lendemain, ils donnent un concert gratuit dans Los Angeles<ref name=PMRC>La photo sur la scène du Lollapalooza (floutée)</ref>.//rapidshare.de/files/36140612/Entrevista.wma Free recording of interview].</ref>

Reunion (2007-present)

Image:Zach de la Rocha at 2007 Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival.jpg
Zack de la Rocha performing with Rage Against the Machine at Coachella 2007.

Rumors that Rage Against the Machine could reunite at the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival were circulating in mid-January 2007,<ref> Cohen , Jonathan


     (January 19, 2007)
   
.    Morello Goes Solo, Rage To Reunite? 
. Billboard
. Billboard.com 
   

. Retrieved on 2007-01-21. </ref> and were confirmed on January 22.<ref> Boucher , Geoff



     (January 22, 2007)
   
.    Rage Against the Machine will reunite for Coachella 
. Los Angeles Times
. LATimes.com 
   

. Retrieved on 2007-01-22. </ref> The band was confirmed to be headlining the final day of Coachella 2007.<ref> Finn , Natalie



     (January 22, 2007)
   
.    Rage On at Coachella 
. E! News
. EOnline.com 
   

. Retrieved on 2007-01-24. </ref> The reunion was described by Morello as primarily being a vehicle to voice the band's opposition to the "right-wing purgatory" the United States has "slid into" under the George W. Bush administration since RATM's dissolution.<ref> Rage Against the Machine discuss reunion

. NME 
 
 (February 2, 2007)
   

. Retrieved on 2007-02-03. </ref> Though the performance was initially thought to be a one-off,<ref> Cohen , Jonathan


     (January 22, 2007)
   
.    Rage, Bjork, Chili Peppers Sign On For Coachella 
. Billboard
. Billboard.com 
   

. Retrieved on 2007-01-24. </ref> this turned out not to be the case.

On April 14, 2007, Morello and de la Rocha reunited onstage early to perform a brief acoustic set in downtown Chicago at a Coalition of Immokalee Workers rally in support of fairness in the fast food industry. Morello described the event as "very exciting for everybody in the room, myself included."<ref> Rage Against the Machine Guitarist Calls Rally Performance 'Very Exciting'

. Launch Radio Networks
. 93X Rock News 
 
 (April 20, 2007)
   

. Retrieved on 2007-04-21. </ref> This was followed by the scheduled Coachella performance on Sunday, April 29. The band played in front of an EZLN backdrop to the largest crowds of the festival;<ref name="reunionnme"> Staff Writer



     (April 30, 2007)
   
.    Rage Against the Machine reunite at Coachella 
. NME

. Retrieved on 2007-05-01. </ref> their performance was widely considered the festival's most anticipated.<ref name="reunionnme"/><ref name="reunionyahoo"> Sulugiuc , Gelu



     (April 30, 2007)
   
.    Rage Against the Machine reunites 
. Reuters
. Yahoo! News 
   

. Retrieved on 2007-05-01. </ref><ref name="reunionmtv"> Moss , Corey



     (April 30, 2007)
   
.    Rage Against the Machine's Ferocious Reunion Caps Coachella's Final Night 
. MTV News
. MTV.com 
   

. Retrieved on 2007-05-01. </ref> De la Rocha made a speech during "Wake Up", citing a statement by Noam Chomsky regarding the Nuremburg trials,<ref name="chomskyinterview">www.urban75.org/archive/news044.html Concert de soutien à Mumia Abu-Jamal]</ref>, Leonard Peltier, la ligue anti-nazi et participent au Rock for Choice. En 1993, ils sont de retour à Lollapalooza (sur la première scène cette fois). À Philadelphie, leur renommée prend de l’ampleur quand ils protestent contre la censure, en particulier contre Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC), en restant sur la scène complètement nus pendant 14 minutes. Le lendemain, ils donnent un concert gratuit dans Los Angeles<ref name=PMRC>La photo sur la scène du Lollapalooza (floutée)</ref>.//www.zmag.org/chomsky/rage/ Tom Morello interviews Noam Chomsky], ZMag. Accessed June 21, 2007.</ref> as follows:

Modèle:Cquote2

Modèle:Wikiquote

The event led to a media furor. A clip of Zack's speech found its way to the Fox News program "Hannity & Colmes." An on-screen headline read, "Rock group Rage Against the Machine says Bush admin should be shot." Ann Coulter (a guest on the show) stated, "They’re losers, their fans are losers, and there’s a lot of violence coming from the left wing."<ref> Rage Against Bush

. Spin
 (May 4, 2007)
   

. Retrieved on 2007-05-15. </ref>

On July 28th and 29th, Rage headlined the Hip Hop festival Rock the Bells with the Wu Tang Clan, Public Enemy and Cypress Hill. On July 28, they made a speech during Wake Up just as they had done at Coachella. During this, De La Rocha made another statement, defending the band from Fox News, who he alleged misquoted his speech at Coachella:

Modèle:Cquote2

Image:Black Flag and a Red Voodoo.jpg
The band playing the Voodoo Music Experience on October 26, 2007. Visible in the background is the EZLN flag.

On August 24, Rage Against the Machine played their first non-festival concert in 7 years at the Alpine Valley Music Theater in East Troy, Wisconsin, with support act Queens of the Stone Age. During the show, De La Rocha made a speech similar to the one at the Rock the Bells festival in July. On October 26, Rage co-headlined at New Orleans's Voodoo Music Experience. During Wake Up, de la Rocha gave a speech saying he went through the New Orleans communities, including the 9th Ward. He said that the Bush administration has started war on two fronts; he is destroying the communities in and around Baghdad and he is destroying the community and culture, notably African-American culture, within New Orleans.

Future

Rage Against the Machine has been confirmed to co-headline all six of the Big Day Out venues in Australia and New Zealand along with Bjork, silverchair and Arcade Fire from January 18 to February 3, 2008,<ref> Rage Against the Machine tour announced

. fasterlouder.com.au
. www.fasterlouder.com.au 
 
 (September 19, 2007)
   

. Retrieved on 2007-09-26. </ref><ref> Rage Against the Machine - The fans have spoken!

. Big Day Out
 (September 27, 2007)
   

. Retrieved on 2007-07-27. </ref> <ref>www.urban75.org/archive/news044.html Concert de soutien à Mumia Abu-Jamal]</ref>, Leonard Peltier, la ligue anti-nazi et participent au Rock for Choice. En 1993, ils sont de retour à Lollapalooza (sur la première scène cette fois). À Philadelphie, leur renommée prend de l’ampleur quand ils protestent contre la censure, en particulier contre Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC), en restant sur la scène complètement nus pendant 14 minutes. Le lendemain, ils donnent un concert gratuit dans Los Angeles<ref name=PMRC>La photo sur la scène du Lollapalooza (floutée)</ref>.//www.bigdayout.com/lineup/artists.php/lineup/artists.php]</ref> including additional shows in Sydney and in Melbourne which sold out in record time. Also, it has recently been confirmed that Rage Against The Machine is one of the three headliners at the 2008 Rock Am Ring and Rock Im Park music festivals in Germany and Pinkpop Music Festival in the Netherlands.

On December 13th 2007, it was also announced that Rage Against The Machine will be headlining the Optimus Alive!08 Festival in Portugal along with Pearl Jam, Smashing Pumpkins and Linkin Park.

When asked in May if the band were planning on writing a new album, Morello replied:

There are no plans to do that… That's a whole other ball of wax right there. Writing and recording albums is a whole different thing than getting back on the bike (laughs), you know, and playing these songs. But I think that the one thing about the Rage catalog is that to me none of it feels dated. You know, it doesn't feel at all like a nostalgia show. It feels like these are songs that were born and bred to be played now.

Tom Morello

Political views and activism

Integral to their identity as a band, Rage Against the Machine voice revolutionary viewpoints highly critical of the domestic and foreign policies of the U.S. Throughout its existence, RATM and its individual members participated in political protests and other activism to advocate these beliefs. The band primarily saw its music as a vehicle for social activism; de la Rocha explained that "I'm interested in spreading those ideas through art, because music has the power to cross borders, to break military sieges and to establish real dialogue."<ref name="Juice">Wooldridge, Simon (February 2000), "www.urban75.org/archive/news044.html Concert de soutien à Mumia Abu-Jamal]</ref>, Leonard Peltier, la ligue anti-nazi et participent au Rock for Choice. En 1993, ils sont de retour à Lollapalooza (sur la première scène cette fois). À Philadelphie, leur renommée prend de l’ampleur quand ils protestent contre la censure, en particulier contre Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC), en restant sur la scène complètement nus pendant 14 minutes. Le lendemain, ils donnent un concert gratuit dans Los Angeles<ref name=PMRC>La photo sur la scène du Lollapalooza (floutée)</ref>.//musicfanclubs.org/rage/articles/juice00.htm Fight the Power]", Juice Magazine. Retrieved October 6, 2007.</ref> Morello said of wage slavery in America:

Modèle:Cquote2

Meanwhile, detractors pointed out the tension between voicing commitment to leftist causes while being signed to Epic Records, a subsidiary of media conglomerate Sony Records. Infectious Grooves released a song called "Do What I Tell Ya!" which mocks lyrics from "Killing in the Name", accusing the band of being hypocrites. In response to such critiques, Morello offered the rebuttal:

Modèle:Cquote

EZLN

Image:Flag of the EZLN.svg
The "black flag and a red star" of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation as referenced in the track "War Within a Breath" (1999)

The band are vocal supporters of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN), especially de la Rocha, who has taken several trips to the Mexican state of Chiapas to aid their efforts. The flag of the EZLN serves as the primary recurring theme in the band's visual art. Morello described the EZLN as "a guerrilla army who represent the poor indigenous communities in southern Mexico who, for hundreds of years, have been trodden upon and sort of cast aside and which really are the lowest form on the economic -social ladder in Mexico. In 1994, on New Years Day, there was an uprising there and they were led by the very charismatic Subcomandante Marcos and it's a group which is tremendously supportive of the most objectively poor and continues to fight for dignity, for all people in Mexico."<ref>www.urban75.org/archive/news044.html Concert de soutien à Mumia Abu-Jamal]</ref>, Leonard Peltier, la ligue anti-nazi et participent au Rock for Choice. En 1993, ils sont de retour à Lollapalooza (sur la première scène cette fois). À Philadelphie, leur renommée prend de l’ampleur quand ils protestent contre la censure, en particulier contre Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC), en restant sur la scène complètement nus pendant 14 minutes. Le lendemain, ils donnent un concert gratuit dans Los Angeles<ref name=PMRC>La photo sur la scène du Lollapalooza (floutée)</ref>.//musicfanclubs.org/rage/articles/jjj.htm Tom Morello interview] on Triple J, October 31, 1999.</ref> An interviewer was once told by de la Rocha, "Our purpose in sympathising with the Zapatistas is to help spark [real] dialogue."<ref name="Juice"/>

De la Rocha, while known for shying from the media, has been particularly outspoken on the cause of the EZLN. He explained the importance of the cause to him personally:

Modèle:Cquote2

De la Rocha made four trips to Chiapas in order to aid the EZLN. His first was in an observatory team monitoring negotiation between the EZLN and the Mexican government. At one point de la Rocha and others in the team formed a human chain to protect the EZLN from potential threats.<ref name="rolstone">Rricke, David (November 25, 1999),"www.urban75.org/archive/news044.html Concert de soutien à Mumia Abu-Jamal]</ref>, Leonard Peltier, la ligue anti-nazi et participent au Rock for Choice. En 1993, ils sont de retour à Lollapalooza (sur la première scène cette fois). À Philadelphie, leur renommée prend de l’ampleur quand ils protestent contre la censure, en particulier contre Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC), en restant sur la scène complètement nus pendant 14 minutes. Le lendemain, ils donnent un concert gratuit dans Los Angeles<ref name=PMRC>La photo sur la scène du Lollapalooza (floutée)</ref>.//www.musicfanclubs.org/rage/articles/rs99.htm The Battles of Rage Against the Machine]", Rolling Stone. Retrieved October 6, 2007.</ref>

His second trip, in February 1996, was to peace campaign camps in La Garrucha. de la Rocha said of the experience: Modèle:Cquote2

Later in 1996, de la Rocha led an educational trip for young students, artists and activists from L.A. to Chiapas.

The EZLN and de la Rocha's experiences with them inspired the songs "Wind Below", and "Without A Face" from Evil Empire<ref name="chiapas"/> and "Calm Like a Bomb", "War Within a Breath" and "Maria" from The Battle of Los Angeles<ref name="rolstone"/>

Saturday Night Live censorship

On April 10th, 1996 the band was scheduled to perform two songs on the NBC comedy variety show Saturday Night Live. The show was hosted that night by ex-Republican presidential candidate and billionaire Steve Forbes. According to an unidentified RATM member, "RATM wanted to stand in sharp juxtaposition to a billionaire telling jokes and promoting his flat tax by making our own statement."<ref name="SNL">Anon., www.urban75.org/archive/news044.html Concert de soutien à Mumia Abu-Jamal]</ref>, Leonard Peltier, la ligue anti-nazi et participent au Rock for Choice. En 1993, ils sont de retour à Lollapalooza (sur la première scène cette fois). À Philadelphie, leur renommée prend de l’ampleur quand ils protestent contre la censure, en particulier contre Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC), en restant sur la scène complètement nus pendant 14 minutes. Le lendemain, ils donnent un concert gratuit dans Los Angeles<ref name=PMRC>La photo sur la scène du Lollapalooza (floutée)</ref>.//www.musicfanclubs.org/rage/snl.htm Saturday Nigt Live Incident], Public release and distribution. Retrieved November 12, 2007.</ref>

To this end, the band hung two upside-down American flags from their amplifiers. Seconds before they took the stage to perform "Bulls on Parade", SNL and NBC sent stagehands in to pull the flags down. The inverted flags, says Morello, represented: Modèle:Cquote2

The band's first attempt to hang the flags during a pre-telecast rehearsal on Thursday were frustrated by SNL's producers, who "demanded that we take the flags down," according to Morello, "They said the sponsors would be upset, and that because Steve Forbes was on, they had to run a 'tighter' show." SNL also told the band it would mute objectionable lyrics in "Bullet in the Head" (which was supposed to be RATM's second song), and insisted that the song be bleeped in the studio because Forbes had friends and family there.<ref name="SNL"/>

On the night of the show, following the removal of the flags during the first performance, the band were approached by SNL and NBC officials and ordered to immediately leave the building. Upon hearing this, RATM bassist Commerford reportedly stormed Forbes' dressing room, throwing shreds from one of the torn down flags. Modèle:Cquote2 Morello noted that members of the Saturday Night Live cast and crew, whom he declined to name, "[e]xpressed solidarity with our actions, and a sense of shame that their show had censored the performance."<ref name="SNL"/>

Radio Free L.A.

Radio Free Los Angeles was a radio show held by the band on January 20, 1997, the night of Bill Clinton's inauguration as President.<ref>http://www.mediacast.com/Calendar/97-01-20/Radio_Free_L.A./</ref> The show comprised segments and interviews featuring Michael Moore, Emily Hodgson, Leonard Peltier, Chuck D, Mumia Abu-Jamal, UNITE, Noam Chomsky, Amy Ray of the Indigo Girls, and Subcomandante Marcos of the Zapatistas.<ref name="rfla">www.urban75.org/archive/news044.html Concert de soutien à Mumia Abu-Jamal]</ref>, Leonard Peltier, la ligue anti-nazi et participent au Rock for Choice. En 1993, ils sont de retour à Lollapalooza (sur la première scène cette fois). À Philadelphie, leur renommée prend de l’ampleur quand ils protestent contre la censure, en particulier contre Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC), en restant sur la scène complètement nus pendant 14 minutes. Le lendemain, ils donnent un concert gratuit dans Los Angeles<ref name=PMRC>La photo sur la scène du Lollapalooza (floutée)</ref>.//www.ratm.com/new2/radiofree.html Radio Free L.A.] at RATM.com]</ref> These were intercut with musical performances by Beck, Cypress Hill, Flea, Stephen Perkins as well as members of Rage. The band organized the show in response to the re-election of Clinton:

That election had resulted in one of the lowest voter turnouts in the history of the country, as more and more Americans came to realize that their government was not in their hands, but in the hands of big business. Radio Free L.A. provided a musical and political gathering point for the majority of Americans—and young people especially—who rightly felt left out of the "democratic process."

The two-hour show was syndicated by over 50 commercial U.S. radio stations<ref name="timeline">www.urban75.org/archive/news044.html Concert de soutien à Mumia Abu-Jamal]</ref>, Leonard Peltier, la ligue anti-nazi et participent au Rock for Choice. En 1993, ils sont de retour à Lollapalooza (sur la première scène cette fois). À Philadelphie, leur renommée prend de l’ampleur quand ils protestent contre la censure, en particulier contre Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC), en restant sur la scène complètement nus pendant 14 minutes. Le lendemain, ils donnent un concert gratuit dans Los Angeles<ref name=PMRC>La photo sur la scène du Lollapalooza (floutée)</ref>.//www.ratm.com/new2/timeline/index.html Official RATM timeline] at www.urban75.org/archive/news044.html Concert de soutien à Mumia Abu-Jamal]</ref>, Leonard Peltier, la ligue anti-nazi et participent au Rock for Choice. En 1993, ils sont de retour à Lollapalooza (sur la première scène cette fois). À Philadelphie, leur renommée prend de l’ampleur quand ils protestent contre la censure, en particulier contre Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC), en restant sur la scène complètement nus pendant 14 minutes. Le lendemain, ils donnent un concert gratuit dans Los Angeles<ref name=PMRC>La photo sur la scène du Lollapalooza (floutée)</ref>.//www.ratm.com ratm.com].</ref> and streamed live from the band's website. Transcripts of the interviews are freely available online.<ref>www.urban75.org/archive/news044.html Concert de soutien à Mumia Abu-Jamal]</ref>, Leonard Peltier, la ligue anti-nazi et participent au Rock for Choice. En 1993, ils sont de retour à Lollapalooza (sur la première scène cette fois). À Philadelphie, leur renommée prend de l’ampleur quand ils protestent contre la censure, en particulier contre Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC), en restant sur la scène complètement nus pendant 14 minutes. Le lendemain, ils donnent un concert gratuit dans Los Angeles<ref name=PMRC>La photo sur la scène du Lollapalooza (floutée)</ref>.//www.zmag.org/chomsky/rage/rageQA.html Tom Morello interviewing Noam Chomsky for Radio Free L.A.] at Zmag.org</ref><ref>www.urban75.org/archive/news044.html Concert de soutien à Mumia Abu-Jamal]</ref>, Leonard Peltier, la ligue anti-nazi et participent au Rock for Choice. En 1993, ils sont de retour à Lollapalooza (sur la première scène cette fois). À Philadelphie, leur renommée prend de l’ampleur quand ils protestent contre la censure, en particulier contre Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC), en restant sur la scène complètement nus pendant 14 minutes. Le lendemain, ils donnent un concert gratuit dans Los Angeles<ref name=PMRC>La photo sur la scène du Lollapalooza (floutée)</ref>.//www.musicfanclubs.org/rage/fire.htm Transcript of interview with Subcommandante Marcos for Radio Free L.A.]</ref>

"Sleep Now in the Fire" video shoot

On January 26, 2000, filming of the music video for "Sleep Now in the Fire", which was directed by Michael Moore, caused the doors of the New York Stock Exchange to be closed and the band to be escorted from the site by security,<ref name="greenleft"> Rage against Wall Street

. Green Left Weekly #397
 (March 15, 2000)
   

. Retrieved on 2007-10-11. </ref> after band members attempted to gain entry into the Exchange<ref> Basham , David



     (January 28, 2000)
   
.    Rage Against the Machine Shoots New Video With Michael Moore 
. MTV News

. Retrieved on 2007-02-17. </ref>. Trading on the Exchange floor, however, continued uninterrupted<ref> "New York Stock Exchange Special Closings", 1885-date

. NYSE Group

 

. Retrieved on 2007-04-07. </ref>.

Footage of enthusiastic Wall Street employees headbanging to Rage's music was used in the final video. "We decided to shoot this video in the belly of the beast", said Moore, who was threatened with arrest during the shooting of the video, despite the band having obtained a permit to perform.<ref name="greenleft"/>

2000 Democratic National Convention

Modèle:See

RATM played a free concert at the 2000 Democratic National Convention in protest of the two-party system. The band had been considering playing a protest concert there since April of that year.<ref name="dncrs"> Asch , Andrew



     (August 15, 2000)
   
.    Rage Wage Battle of Los Angeles at DNC 
. Rolling Stone

. Retrieved on 2007-02-19. </ref> Although they were at first required by the City of Los Angeles to perform in a small venue at a considerable distance, early in August a United States district court judge ruled that the City's request was too restrictive and the City subsequently allowed the protests and concert to be held at a site across from the DNC.<ref name="dncrs"/> The police response was to increase security measures, which included a 12 ft fence and patrolling by a minimum of 2,000 officers wearing riot gear, as well as additional horses, motorcycles, squad cars and police helicopters.<ref name="dnccnn1"> Protest concert due tonight outside convention: Security tight in Los Angeles

. CNN
 (August 14, 200)
   

. Retrieved on 2007-02-19. </ref> A police spokesperson said they were "gravely concerned because of security reasons".<ref name="dnccnn1"/>

During the concert, de la Rocha said to the crowd, "brothers and sisters, our democracy has been hijacked,"<ref name="dncrs"/> and later also shouted "we have a right to oppose these motherfuckers!"<ref name="dncindy"> Bleyer , Jennifer



     (August 15, 200)
   
.    LAPD unleashes horses-pepper spray-rubber bullets 
. Scoop Independent News
. Indymedia 
   

. Retrieved on 2007-02-19. </ref> After the performance, a small group of attendees congregated at the point in the protest area closest to the DNC, facing the police officers, throwing rocks,<ref name="dncsalon"> York , Anthony



     (August 15, 200)
   
.    Rage against the cops 
. Salon.com Politics

. Retrieved on 2007-02-19. </ref> and possibly engaging in more violent activity, such as throwing glass, concrete and water bottles filled with "noxious agents,"<ref name="dncwsws"> White , Jerry



     (August 17, 200)
   
.    Los Angeles police attack protesters at Democratic convention 
. World Socialist Web Site

. Retrieved on 2007-02-19. </ref> spraying ammonia on police and slingshotting rocks and steel balls.<ref name="dnccnn2"> Convention opens to protests, rubber bullets

. CNN
 (August 15, 200)
   

. Retrieved on 2007-02-19. </ref> The police soon after declared the gathering an unlawful assembly,<ref name="dncindy"/> shut off the electrical supply, interrupting performing band Ozomatli,<ref name="dncsalon"/> and informed the protestors that they had 20 minutes to disperse on pain of arrest.<ref name="dnccnn3"> Police defend use of pepper spray, rubber bullets at Democratic Convention protest

. CNN
 (August 15, 200)
   

. Retrieved on 2007-02-19. </ref> Some of the protestors remained, however, including two young men who climbed the fence and waved black flags, who were subsequently shot in the face with pepper spray.<ref name="dnccnn2"/> Police then forcibly dispersed the crowd, using tear gas, pepper spray and rubber bullets.<ref name="dnccnn2"/> At least six people were arrested in the incident.<ref name="dnccnn3"/>

The police faced severe and broad criticism for their reaction, with an American Civil Liberties Union spokesperson saying that it was "nothing less than an orchestrated police riot."<ref name="dncwsws"/> Several primary witnesses reported unnecessarily violent actions and police abuses, including firing on reporters<ref name="dncsalon"/> and people obeying police commands<ref name="dnccnn3"/>. Police responded that their response was "outstanding" and "clearly disciplined."<ref name="dnccnn3"/> De la Rocha said of the incident, "I don't care what fucking television station said the violence was caused by the people at the concert, those motherfuckers unloaded on this crowd. And I think it's ridiculous considering, you know, none of us had rubber bullets, none of us had M16s, none of us had billy clubs, none of us had face shields."<ref>Live at the Grand Olympic Auditorium DVD, Grand Olympic Auditorium performance, part of de la Rocha's speech.</ref>

Footage of the protest and ensuing violence, along with an MTV News report on the incident, was included in the Live at the Grand Olympic Auditorium DVD.

Other activism

The band are advocates for the release of former Black Panther and Death Row inmate Mumia Abu-Jamal for whom they wrote and recorded the track "Voice of the Voiceless" for their 1999 album The Battle of Los Angeles. The band performed at a benefit concert with all proceeds donated to the International Concerned Family And Friends Of Mumia Abu-Jamal, and de la Rocha spoke before the United Nations Commission on Human Rights in support of Abu-Jamal.<ref name="zackun">Modèle:Cite book</ref> The band also raised funds and awareness for life-sentenced political activist Leonard Peltier, and documented his case in the video for "Freedom".

At a 1993 Lollapalooza appearance in Philadelphia, the band stood onstage naked for 15 minutes with duct tape on their mouths and the letters PMRC painted on their chests in protest against censorship by the Parents Music Resource Center.<ref name="velvetland"> Rage Against the Machine

. Velvetland.org  
 

 

. Retrieved on 2007-06-24.

(Image of PMRC protest available at this site.)</ref> Refusing to play, they stood in silence with the sound emitted being only audio feedback from Morello and Commerford's guitars; the band later played a free show for disappointed fans.<ref name="moderndrummer">Micallef, Ken (March 1996), www.urban75.org/archive/news044.html Concert de soutien à Mumia Abu-Jamal]</ref>, Leonard Peltier, la ligue anti-nazi et participent au Rock for Choice. En 1993, ils sont de retour à Lollapalooza (sur la première scène cette fois). À Philadelphie, leur renommée prend de l’ampleur quand ils protestent contre la censure, en particulier contre Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC), en restant sur la scène complètement nus pendant 14 minutes. Le lendemain, ils donnent un concert gratuit dans Los Angeles<ref name=PMRC>La photo sur la scène du Lollapalooza (floutée)</ref>.//www.musicfanclubs.org/rage/articles/drummer.htm Rage Against The Machine's Brad Wilk], Modern Drummer. Retrieved February 17, 2007.</ref> Tom Morello was arrested for civil disobedience in October 1997 during a union protest by garment workers and their supporters against the use of sweatshop labor by Guess?.<ref name="timeline"/> Billboards subsequently appeared in Las Vegas and New York featuring a photograph of the band with the caption "Rage Against Sweatshops: We Don't Wear Guess? – A Message from Rage Against the Machine and UNITE (Union of Needletrades Industrial and Textile Employees)."<ref name="timeline"/>

Some other controversial stands taken include that of the music video for the song "Bombtrack", in which RATM expresses support for the Peruvian guerilla organization Shining Path and their incarcerated leader Abimael Guzmán. Over its career, the band played benefit concerts for organizations such as Rock for Choice, the Anti-Nazi League, the United Farm Workers, children's care organization Para Los Niños and UNITE.<ref name="timeline">www.urban75.org/archive/news044.html Concert de soutien à Mumia Abu-Jamal]</ref>, Leonard Peltier, la ligue anti-nazi et participent au Rock for Choice. En 1993, ils sont de retour à Lollapalooza (sur la première scène cette fois). À Philadelphie, leur renommée prend de l’ampleur quand ils protestent contre la censure, en particulier contre Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC), en restant sur la scène complètement nus pendant 14 minutes. Le lendemain, ils donnent un concert gratuit dans Los Angeles<ref name=PMRC>La photo sur la scène du Lollapalooza (floutée)</ref>.//www.ratm.com/new2/timeline/index.html Rage Against the Machine: A Time Line], time line of RATM's career, official website. Retrieved February 19, 2007.</ref> 1994 saw the band organizing Latinpalooza, a joint benefit concert for the Leonard Peltier Defense Fund, United Farm Workers, and Para Los Niños. The band also raised funds for Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting, the National Commission for Democracy in Mexico, Women Alive, and played at the Tibetan Freedom Concert on more than one occasion.<ref name="timeline"/> Album liner notes contained promotional material for AK Press, Amnesty International, the Committee to Support the Revolution in Peru, the Hollywood Sunset Free Clinic, Indymedia, Mass Mic, Parents for Rock and Rap, the Popular Resource Center, RE: GENERATION, Refuse and Resist, Revolution Books, the Rock & Rap Confidential, and Voices in the Wilderness.

Discography

Studio albums Live albums Videography

Awards

Grammy Awards

MTV Music Awards

At the 2000 MTV VMAs Tim Commerford climbed to the top of the stage set and nearly brought the left stage down, it in protest of the fact that Limp Bizkit, whose video was merely other celebrities lip-synching the words to the song "Break Stuff" in front of the band performing, won Best Rock Video instead of Rage Against the Machine's "Sleep Now in the Fire". <ref> Zahlaway , John


  . 
 "
   Rage Bassist Pleads Guilty To Misdemeanor After Disrupting MTV Awards 
     
 " , Live Daily
  , 2000-09-08
 
  . Retrieved on 2007-12-26
 . </ref>

Notes

<references />

References

External links

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