Led Zeppelin

Un article de Vev.

Modèle:Four other uses Modèle:Inline audio Modèle:Infobox musical artist heavymetal.about.com/od/heavymetal101/a/101_timeline.htm Heavy metal timeline]</ref><ref name="bbc.h2">BBC.com</ref> Their rock-infused interpretation of the blues and folk genres also incorporated rockabilly,<ref>In live shows, Led Zeppelin would perform rockabilly songs originally made famous by Elvis Presley and Eddie Cochran</ref> reggae,<ref>Houses of the Holy includes a reggae-influenced song, "D'Yer Mak'er"</ref> soul,<ref> Live Led Zeppelin concerts would also include James Brown, Stax and Motown-influenced soul music and funk, as these were favourites of bassist John Paul Jones and drummer John Bonham.</ref> funk,<ref>See previous reference to soul and funk</ref> jazz,<ref>Houses of the Holy<nowiki>'</nowiki>s song "No Quarter" is a jazz and blues-style jam.</ref> classical, Celtic, Indian, Arabic, pop, Latin, and country. The band did not release the popular songs from their albums as singles in the UK, as they preferred to develop the concept of album-oriented rock.<ref name="Musicmatch">Musicmatch, "Led Zeppelin", followers; accessed September 10, 2006</ref>//heavymetal.about.com/od/heavymetal101/a/101_timeline.htm Heavy metal timeline]</ref><ref name="bbc.h2">BBC.com</ref> Their rock-infused interpretation of the blues and folk genres also incorporated rockabilly,<ref>In live shows, Led Zeppelin would perform rockabilly songs originally made famous by Elvis Presley and Eddie Cochran</ref> reggae,<ref>Houses of the Holy includes a reggae-influenced song, "D'Yer Mak'er"</ref> soul,<ref> Live Led Zeppelin concerts would also include James Brown, Stax and Motown-influenced soul music and funk, as these were favourites of bassist John Paul Jones and drummer John Bonham.</ref> funk,<ref>See previous reference to soul and funk</ref> jazz,<ref>Houses of the Holy's song "No Quarter" is a jazz and blues-style jam.</ref> classical, Celtic, Indian, Arabic, pop, Latin, and country. The band did not release the popular songs from their albums as singles in the UK, as they preferred to develop the concept of album-oriented rock.<ref name="Musicmatch">Musicmatch, "Led Zeppelin", followers; accessed September 10, 2006</ref>

www.led-zeppelin.com/news/vh1_9.14.06.html|title=VH1 Welcomes the Return of the 'Third Annual UK Music Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony'|publisher=vh1.com|accessdate=2006-09-21}}</ref> including 109.5 million sales in the United States,<ref> RIAA

.    Top Selling Artists 

.</ref> and they are the only band to have had all their albums reach the U.S. Billboard Top 10.<ref>Australian Broadcasting Corporation website</ref>//www.led-zeppelin.com/news/vh1_9.14.06.html|title=VH1 Welcomes the Return of the 'Third Annual UK Music Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony'|publisher=vh1.com|accessdate=2006-09-21}}</ref> including 109.5 million sales in the United States,<ref> RIAA

.    Top Selling Artists 

.</ref> and they are the only band to have had all their albums reach the U.S. Billboard Top 10.<ref>Australian Broadcasting Corporation website</ref> www.vh1.com/shows/dyn/the_greatest/62188/episode_about.jhtml 100 greatest artists of hard rock at vh1.com]</ref> Rolling Stone magazine has described Led Zeppelin as "the heaviest band of all time" and "the biggest band of the 70s".<ref>http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/11016639/led_zeppelin_the_legend_the_classic_reviews_a_selection_of_hot_photos_and_more</ref>//www.vh1.com/shows/dyn/the_greatest/62188/episode_about.jhtml 100 greatest artists of hard rock at vh1.com]</ref> Rolling Stone magazine has described Led Zeppelin as "the heaviest band of all time" and "the biggest band of the 70s".<ref>http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/11016639/led_zeppelin_the_legend_the_classic_reviews_a_selection_of_hot_photos_and_more</ref>

On December 10, 2007 the surviving members of Led Zeppelin reunited for the Ahmet Ertegün tribute show at The O₂ in London .<ref name="O2 Postponed" />

History of Led Zeppelin

The early days (1968–1970)

The New Yardbirds

www.mtv.com/music/artist/led_zeppelin/bio.jhtml MTV biography of Led Zeppelin]</ref> Page joined The Yardbirds in 1966 to play bass guitar after the original bassist, Paul Samwell-Smith, left the group. Shortly after, Page switched from bass to second lead guitar, creating a dual-lead guitar line up with Jeff Beck.//www.mtv.com/music/artist/led_zeppelin/bio.jhtml MTV biography of Led Zeppelin]</ref> Page joined The Yardbirds in 1966 to play bass guitar after the original bassist, Paul Samwell-Smith, left the group. Shortly after, Page switched from bass to second lead guitar, creating a dual-lead guitar line up with Jeff Beck.

www.led-zeppelin.org/reference/index.php?m=assorted3|title=Led Zeppelin Assorted Info|author=Led-Zeppelin.org}}</ref> The group never formed, although Page, Beck and Moon did record a song together in 1966, "Beck's Bolero", which is featured on Beck's 1968 album, Truth. The recording session also included bassist-keyboardist John Paul Jones, who told Page that he would be interested in collaborating with him on future projects.<ref name="Hammer of the Gods"> Modèle:Cite book</ref>//www.led-zeppelin.org/reference/index.php?m=assorted3|title=Led Zeppelin Assorted Info|author=Led-Zeppelin.org}}</ref> The group never formed, although Page, Beck and Moon did record a song together in 1966, "Beck's Bolero", which is featured on Beck's 1968 album, Truth. The recording session also included bassist-keyboardist John Paul Jones, who told Page that he would be interested in collaborating with him on future projects.<ref name="Hammer of the Gods"> Modèle:Cite book</ref>

www.billboard.com/bbcom/bio/index.jsp?pid=5047&cr=artist&or=ASCENDING&sf=length&kw=Led%20Zeppelin|title=Led Zeppelin Biography|author=Billboard}}</ref> Plant eventually accepted the position, recommending a drummer, John Bonham from nearby Redditch.<ref name="Note1"> Digital Graffiti

.    Led Zeppelin FAQ 

.</ref> When Dreja opted out of the project to become a photographer—he would later take the photograph that appeared on the back of Led Zeppelin's debut album—John Paul Jones, at the suggestion of his wife, contacted Page about the vacant position. Being familiar with Jones' credentials, Page agreed to bring in Jones as the final piece.//www.billboard.com/bbcom/bio/index.jsp?pid=5047&cr=artist&or=ASCENDING&sf=length&kw=Led%20Zeppelin|title=Led Zeppelin Biography|author=Billboard}}</ref> Plant eventually accepted the position, recommending a drummer, John Bonham from nearby Redditch.<ref name="Note1"> Digital Graffiti

.    Led Zeppelin FAQ 

.</ref> When Dreja opted out of the project to become a photographer—he would later take the photograph that appeared on the back of Led Zeppelin's debut album—John Paul Jones, at the suggestion of his wife, contacted Page about the vacant position. Being familiar with Jones' credentials, Page agreed to bring in Jones as the final piece.

The group played together on record the first time on the final day of sessions for the P. J. Proby album, Three Week Hero. Proby recalled, "Come the last day we found we had some studio time, so I just asked the band to play while I just came up with the words. ... They weren't Led Zeppelin at the time, they were the New Yardbirds and they were going to be my band."<ref name="Mojo"> Modèle:Cite magazine</ref>

www.jimmypageonline.com/11318/42826.html Jimmy Page Online]</ref>//www.jimmypageonline.com/11318/42826.html Jimmy Page Online]</ref>

www.led-zeppelin.org/reference/index.php?m=int1 Led Zeppelin Official Website]</ref>//www.led-zeppelin.org/reference/index.php?m=int1 Led Zeppelin Official Website]</ref>

Led Zeppelin (the first album)

Main article: Led Zeppelin (album)

The group's eponymous first album was released on January 12 1969, during their first US tour. Its blend of blues, folk and eastern influences with distorted amplification made it one of the pivotal records in the creation of heavy metal music. However, Plant has commented that it is unfair for people to typecast the band as heavy metal, since about a third of their music was acoustic.<ref>The History of Rock 'n' Roll: The 70s: Have a Nice Decade</ref>

www.billboard.com/bbcom/discography/index.jsp?pid=5047&aid=10331 Billboard discography]</ref>//www.billboard.com/bbcom/discography/index.jsp?pid=5047&aid=10331 Billboard discography]</ref>

www.billboard.com/bbcom/bookshelf/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1001958757 Keith Shadwick Led Zeppelin 1968-1980: The Story Of A Band And Their Music (excerpt posted on Billboard.com)]</ref>//www.billboard.com/bbcom/bookshelf/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1001958757 Keith Shadwick Led Zeppelin 1968-1980: The Story Of A Band And Their Music (excerpt posted on Billboard.com)]</ref>

Led Zeppelin II

Main article: Led Zeppelin II

www.connollyco.com/discography/led_zeppelin/led2.html Led Zeppelin discography]</ref> Here the band further developed ideas established on their debut album, creating a work which became even more widely acclaimed and arguably more influential.<ref name="allrevi">Review at All Music Guide</ref>//www.connollyco.com/discography/led_zeppelin/led2.html Led Zeppelin discography]</ref> Here the band further developed ideas established on their debut album, creating a work which became even more widely acclaimed and arguably more influential.<ref name="allrevi">Review at All Music Guide</ref> It has been suggested that Led Zeppelin II largely wrote the blueprint for 1970s hard rock.<ref name="allrevi"/>

www.ledzeppelin.com/site_flat/fs_audio.html Led Zeppelin.com audio guide]</ref> Many of these shows have been preserved as Led Zeppelin bootleg recordings.//www.ledzeppelin.com/site_flat/fs_audio.html Led Zeppelin.com audio guide]</ref> Many of these shows have been preserved as Led Zeppelin bootleg recordings.

Led Zeppelin III

Main article: Led Zeppelin III

For the composition of their third album, Led Zeppelin III, Jimmy Page and Robert Plant retired to Bron-Yr-Aur, a remote cottage in Wales, in 1970. The result was a more acoustic sound (and a song, "Bron-Yr-Aur Stomp", misspelled as "Bron-Y-Aur Stomp" on the album cover, which was a complete remake of Bert Jansch's song "The Waggoner's Lad"). Strongly influenced by folk and Celtic music, the album revealed the band's versatility.

www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:2z3tk6sx9krj|title=Led Zeppelin III|}}</ref><ref> Q4 Review of Led Zeppelin 3

.</ref> It has a unique album cover featuring a wheel which, when rotated, displayed various images through cut outs in the main jacket sleeve.//www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:2z3tk6sx9krj|title=Led Zeppelin III|}}</ref><ref> Q4 Review of Led Zeppelin 3

.</ref> It has a unique album cover featuring a wheel which, when rotated, displayed various images through cut outs in the main jacket sleeve.

The album's opening track, "Immigrant Song", was released in November 1970 by Atlantic Records as a single against the band's wishes (Atlantic had earlier released an edited version of "Whole Lotta Love" which cut the 5:34 song to 3:10, removing the abstract middle section). It included their only non-album b-side, "Hey Hey What Can I Do". Even though the band saw their albums as indivisible, whole listening experiences—and their manager, Peter Grant, maintained an aggressive pro-album stance—some singles were released without their consent. The group also increasingly resisted television appearances, enforcing their preference that their fans hear and see them in person.

The album finishes with “Hats Off To (Roy) Harper”, a track dedicated to their influential contemporary, Roy Harper, that both honours Harper’s work and acknowledges the band’s roots in acoustic music.

"The biggest band in the world" (1971–1975)

www.led-zeppelin.org/reference/index.php?m=starship Led Zeppelin.org]</ref>), rented out entire sections of hotels (most notably the Continental Hyatt House in Los Angeles, known colloquially as the "Riot House"), and became the subject of many of rock's most famous stories of debauchery. One escapade involved John Bonham riding a motorcycle through a rented floor of the Riot House. The band was known for trashing their hotel suites, and throwing television sets out of the windows. Another example of Led Zeppelin excess was the infamous shark episode, or red snapper incident, which took place at the Edgewater Inn in Seattle, Washington, on July 28, 1969.<ref name="Hammer of the Gods"> Modèle:Cite book</ref>//www.led-zeppelin.org/reference/index.php?m=starship Led Zeppelin.org]</ref>), rented out entire sections of hotels (most notably the Continental Hyatt House in Los Angeles, known colloquially as the "Riot House"), and became the subject of many of rock's most famous stories of debauchery. One escapade involved John Bonham riding a motorcycle through a rented floor of the Riot House. The band was known for trashing their hotel suites, and throwing television sets out of the windows. Another example of Led Zeppelin excess was the infamous shark episode, or red snapper incident, which took place at the Edgewater Inn in Seattle, Washington, on July 28, 1969.<ref name="Hammer of the Gods"> Modèle:Cite book</ref>

The fourth album

Main article: Led Zeppelin IV

www.rollingstone.com/news/story/7287549/qa_robert_plant/ Rolling Stone Magazine; Q&A with Robert Plant, May 05, 2005]</ref>//www.rollingstone.com/news/story/7287549/qa_robert_plant/ Rolling Stone Magazine; Q&A with Robert Plant, May 05, 2005]</ref>

www.songmeanings.net/lyric.php?lid=7771 Songmeanings.com]</ref> "Rock and Roll" is a tribute to the early rock music of the 1950s. Recently (as of 2006) and until mid-2007, the song has been used prominently in Cadillac automobile commercials—one of the few instances of Led Zeppelin's surviving members licensing songs.<ref name="about">Rock and Roll Dropped from Cadillac advert</ref> The album also featured "Stairway to Heaven" (Modèle:Audio-nohelp), which became a massive album-oriented rock FM radio hit despite never being released as a single. The song has been controversial due to unsubstantiated but repeated claims of "satanic" back masked messages.<ref name="Backmasking">Stairway to Heaven Backwards</ref> In 2005, the magazine Guitar World held a poll of readers in which "Stairway to Heaven" was voted as having the greatest guitar solo of all time.<ref name="About Guitar">About Guitar, 100 Greatest Guitar Solos, accessed September 10, 2006</ref>//www.songmeanings.net/lyric.php?lid=7771 Songmeanings.com]</ref> "Rock and Roll" is a tribute to the early rock music of the 1950s. Recently (as of 2006) and until mid-2007, the song has been used prominently in Cadillac automobile commercials—one of the few instances of Led Zeppelin's surviving members licensing songs.<ref name="about">Rock and Roll Dropped from Cadillac advert</ref> The album also featured "Stairway to Heaven" (Modèle:Audio-nohelp), which became a massive album-oriented rock FM radio hit despite never being released as a single. The song has been controversial due to unsubstantiated but repeated claims of "satanic" back masked messages.<ref name="Backmasking">Stairway to Heaven Backwards</ref> In 2005, the magazine Guitar World held a poll of readers in which "Stairway to Heaven" was voted as having the greatest guitar solo of all time.<ref name="About Guitar">About Guitar, 100 Greatest Guitar Solos, accessed September 10, 2006</ref>

www.riaa.com/gp/bestsellers/topalbums.asp RIAA best selling Albums]</ref> Worldwide, it ranks at number eleven in album sales.<ref name="Mjni">Mjni</ref>//www.riaa.com/gp/bestsellers/topalbums.asp RIAA best selling Albums]</ref> Worldwide, it ranks at number eleven in album sales.<ref name="Mjni">Mjni</ref>

Houses of the Holy

Main article: Houses of the Holy

Led Zeppelin's next album, Houses of the Holy, was released in 1973. It featured further experimentation, with longer tracks and expanded use of synthesisers and mellotron orchestration. The song "Houses of the Holy" does not appear on its namesake album, even though it was recorded at the same time as other songs on the album; it eventually made its way onto the 1975 album Physical Graffiti.<ref name="Hammer of the Gods"> </ref>

www.dangerousage.com/householy.html</ref><ref>Best albums with nude covers and the stories behind</ref>//www.dangerousage.com/householy.html</ref><ref>Best albums with nude covers and the stories behind</ref>

The album topped the charts, and Led Zeppelin's subsequent concert tour of the United States in 1973 broke records for attendance, as they consistently filled large auditoriums and stadiums. At Tampa Stadium, Florida, they played to 56,800 fans (breaking the record set by The Beatles at Shea Stadium in 1965), and grossed $309,000.<ref name="Hammer of the Gods"> </ref> Three sold-out shows at Madison Square Garden in New York were filmed for a motion picture, but the theatrical release of this project (The Song Remains the Same) would be delayed until 1976.

www.vh1.com/artists/az/led_zeppelin/bio.jhtml VH1 Biography]</ref> The label would be successful while Led Zeppelin existed, but folded less than three years after they disbanded.<ref name="Hammer of the Gods"> </ref>//www.vh1.com/artists/az/led_zeppelin/bio.jhtml VH1 Biography]</ref> The label would be successful while Led Zeppelin existed, but folded less than three years after they disbanded.<ref name="Hammer of the Gods"> </ref>

Physical Graffiti

Main article: Physical Graffiti

February 24, 1975 saw the release of Led Zeppelin's first double album, Physical Graffiti, which was the first release on the Swan Song Records label. It consisted of fifteen songs, eight of which were recorded at Headley Grange in 1974, and the remainder being tracks previously recorded but not released on earlier albums.

www.rollingstone.com/artists/ledzeppelin/albums/album/158693/review/5944206/physical_graffiti; Rolling Stone Review, Mar, 27 1975]</ref> The album was a massive fiscal and critical success. Shortly after the release of Physical Graffiti, all previous Led Zeppelin albums simultaneously re-entered the top-200 album chart,<ref name="Hammer of the Gods"> Modèle:Cite book</ref> and the band embarked on another U.S. tour, again playing to record-breaking crowds. In May 1975, Led Zeppelin played five highly successful, sold-out nights at the Earls Court Arena in London, footage of which was released in 2003, on the Led Zeppelin DVD.//www.rollingstone.com/artists/ledzeppelin/albums/album/158693/review/5944206/physical_graffiti; Rolling Stone Review, Mar, 27 1975]</ref> The album was a massive fiscal and critical success. Shortly after the release of Physical Graffiti, all previous Led Zeppelin albums simultaneously re-entered the top-200 album chart,<ref name="Hammer of the Gods"> Modèle:Cite book</ref> and the band embarked on another U.S. tour, again playing to record-breaking crowds. In May 1975, Led Zeppelin played five highly successful, sold-out nights at the Earls Court Arena in London, footage of which was released in 2003, on the Led Zeppelin DVD.

The latter days (1976–1980)

experts.about.com/q/Led-Zeppelin-501/led-zeppelin-1.htm]</ref> changing musical tastes, and ultimately John Bonham's 1980 death finally brought an end to Led Zeppelin.//experts.about.com/q/Led-Zeppelin-501/led-zeppelin-1.htm]</ref> changing musical tastes, and ultimately John Bonham's 1980 death finally brought an end to Led Zeppelin.

Presence

Main article: Presence (album)

Following their triumphant Earls Court appearances, Led Zeppelin took an unplanned break from touring. In August 1975, Robert Plant and his wife Maureen were involved in a serious car crash while on holiday in Rhodes, Greece. Robert suffered a broken ankle and Maureen was very badly injured; a blood transfusion saved her life.<ref name="Hammer of the Gods" /> Unable to tour, Plant headed to the channel island of Jersey to spend August and September recuperating, with Bonham and Page in tow. The band then reconvened in Malibu, California. It was during this forced hiatus that much of the material for their next album, Presence, was written.

www.rollingstone.com/artists/ledzeppelin/albums/album/224305/review/5945483/presence] Rolling Stone Magazine Review, Published May, 20 1976]</ref> The recording of Presence coincided with the beginning of Page's heroin use, which may have interfered with Led Zeppelin's later live shows and studio recordings, although Page has denied this.<ref name="Rock's BackPages">Rock's Backpages review, Published April, 10 1976</ref>//www.rollingstone.com/artists/ledzeppelin/albums/album/224305/review/5945483/presence] Rolling Stone Magazine Review, Published May, 20 1976]</ref> The recording of Presence coincided with the beginning of Page's heroin use, which may have interfered with Led Zeppelin's later live shows and studio recordings, although Page has denied this.<ref name="Rock's BackPages">Rock's Backpages review, Published April, 10 1976</ref>

Despite the original criticisms, Jimmy Page has called Presence his favourite album, and its opening track "Achilles Last Stand" (Modèle:Audio-nohelp) his favourite Led Zeppelin song. Robert Plant has also stated that he thinks Presence is the album that probably sounds the most "Led Zeppelin" of all their LPs.<ref>From interview in Swedish TV program "Musikbyrån" around the time of Led Zeppelin receiving the Polar Music Prize.</ref>

The concert film (The Song Remains the Same)

Main article: The Song Remains the Same (film)

www.led-zeppelin.com/bio.html Led Zeppelin.com bio]</ref>//www.led-zeppelin.com/bio.html Led Zeppelin.com bio]</ref>

In 1977, Led Zeppelin embarked on another massive concert tour of North America. Though profitable financially, the tour was beset with off-stage problems. On June 3, after a concert at Tampa Stadium was cut short because of a severe thunderstorm, a riot broke out amongst the audience, resulting in several arrests and injuries.

After a July 23 show at the "Days on the Green" festival at Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum in Oakland, California, John Bonham and members of the band's support staff (including manager Peter Grant and security coordinator John Bindon) were arrested after a member of promoter Bill Graham's staff was badly beaten during the performance. A member of the staff had allegedly slapped Grant's son when he was taking down a dressing room sign. This was seen by John Bonham, who came over and kicked the man. Then, when Grant heard about this, he went into the trailer, along with Bindon and and savagely assaulted the man while Richard Cole stood outside and guarded the trailer.<ref name="Hammer of the Gods">Modèle:Cite book</ref> <ref name="Led Zeppelin: The Definitive Biography">Modèle:Cite book</ref>

The following day's second Oakland concert would prove be the band's final live appearance in the United States. After the performance, news came that Plant's five year old son, Karac, had died from a stomach virus. The rest of the tour was immediately cancelled.<ref name="Hammer of the Gods" />

In Through the Out Door

Main article: In Through The Out Door

December 1978 saw the group recording again, this time at Polar Studios in Stockholm, Sweden. The resultant album was In Through the Out Door, which exhibited a degree of sonic experimentation that again drew mixed reactions from critics. Nevertheless, the band still commanded legions of loyal fans, and the album easily reached #1 in the UK and the U.S. in just its second week on the Billboard album chart.

In August 1979, after two warm-up shows in Copenhagen, Led Zeppelin headlined two concerts at the Knebworth music festival, where crowds of close to 120,000 witnessed the return of the band. However, Robert Plant was not eager to tour full-time again, and even considered leaving Led Zeppelin. He was persuaded to stay by Peter Grant. A brief, low-key European tour was undertaken in June and July 1980, featuring a stripped-down set without the usual lengthy jams and solos. At one show on June 27, in Nuremberg, Germany, the concert came to an abrupt end in the middle of the third song when John Bonham collapsed on stage and was rushed to a hospital. Press speculation arose that Bonham's problem was caused by an excess of alcohol and drugs, but the band claimed that he had simply overeaten, and they completed the European tour on July 7, at Berlin.<ref name="Hammer of the Gods" />

"A tragic end"

www.av1611.org/rockdead.html Rock Deaths]</ref>//www.av1611.org/rockdead.html Rock Deaths]</ref>

home.att.net/~chuckayoub/john_bonham_biography.htm John Bonham Biography]</ref> The alcoholism that had plagued the drummer since his earliest days with the band ultimately led to his death. Bonham was cremated on October 10, 1980, at Rushock parish church in Worcestershire.//home.att.net/~chuckayoub/john_bonham_biography.htm John Bonham Biography]</ref> The alcoholism that had plagued the drummer since his earliest days with the band ultimately led to his death. Bonham was cremated on October 10, 1980, at Rushock parish church in Worcestershire.

Despite rumours that Cozy Powell, Carmine Appice, Barriemore Barlow, Simon Kirke or Bev Bevan would join the group as his replacement, the remaining members decided to disband Led Zeppelin after Bonham's death. They issued a press statement on December 4, 1980 confirming that the band would not continue without Bonham. "We wish it to be known that the loss of our dear friend, and the deep sense of undivided harmony felt by ourselves and our manager, have led us to decide that we could not continue as we were."<ref name="Mojo2">Modèle:Cite magazine</ref>

Post-Led Zeppelin (1980–present)

1980s

In 1982, the surviving members of the group released a collection of out-takes from various sessions during Led Zeppelin's career, entitled Coda. It included two tracks taken from the band's performance at the Royal Albert Hall in 1970, one each from the Led Zeppelin III and Houses of the Holy sessions, and three from the In Through the Out Door sessions. It also featured a 1976 John Bonham drum instrumental with electronic effects added by Jimmy Page, called "Bonzo's Montreux".

1985 reunion

www.list.co.uk/article/5700-jimmy-page-says-last-led-zeppelin-reunion-was-a-disaster/</ref>//www.list.co.uk/article/5700-jimmy-page-says-last-led-zeppelin-reunion-was-a-disaster/</ref>

news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/music/3534576.stm BBC News Report]</ref> However, to show their ongoing support Page and Plant pledged proceeds from their forthcoming Page and Plant DVD release to the campaign and John Paul Jones pledged the proceeds of his then-current U.S. tour with Mutual Admiration Society to the project.//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/music/3534576.stm BBC News Report]</ref> However, to show their ongoing support Page and Plant pledged proceeds from their forthcoming Page and Plant DVD release to the campaign and John Paul Jones pledged the proceeds of his then-current U.S. tour with Mutual Admiration Society to the project.

1988 reunion

The three members reunited again in May of 1988, for Atlantic Records' 40th Anniversary concert, with Bonham's son, Jason Bonham, on drums. However, the performance was widely criticized for being 'flat' and for Page's poor guitar playing.^{[citation needed]}

1990s

www.led-zeppelin.org/reference/index.php?m=int28; Led Zeppelin.org, accessed 2nd August 2006]</ref>//www.led-zeppelin.org/reference/index.php?m=int28; Led Zeppelin.org, accessed 2nd August 2006]</ref>

1995 reunion

On January 12, 1995, Led Zeppelin were inducted into the United States Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. They were inducted by Aerosmith's vocalist, Steven Tyler and guitarist Joe Perry. Jason and Zoe Bonham also attended, representing their late father. At the induction ceremony, the band's inner rift became apparent when Jones joked upon accepting his award, "Thank you, my friends, for finally remembering my phone number", causing consternation and awkward looks from Page and Plant.<ref>Lewis, Dave Lewis and Simon Pallett (1997) Led Zeppelin: The Concert File, London: Omnibus Press. ISBN 0-7119-5307-4, p. 144.</ref> Afterwards, they played a brief set with Tyler and Perry (featuring Jason Bonham on drums), and with Neil Young and Michael Lee replacing Bonham.

www.everyhit.com/</ref>//www.everyhit.com/</ref>

November 11, 1997 saw the release of Led Zeppelin BBC Sessions, the first Led Zeppelin album in fifteen years. The two-disc set included almost all of the band's recordings for the BBC.

Page and Plant continued their renewed collaboration through 1998, releasing a critically acclaimed CD of all original Page-Plant compositions called Walking Into Clarksdale, which won a Grammy for best rock song ("Most High"), and was supported by another world tour, which the duo called "Walking Into Everywhere". Eschewing the Middle Eastern orchestra of the 1995 world tour, the 1998 shows were an all-out rock and roll show, highlighting classic Led Zeppelin material, along with Page and Plant originals from the "No Quarter" and "Walking Into Clarksdale" CDs.

www.riaa.com/newsitem.php?news_year_filter=&resultpage=109&id=3E66A511-1B98-4B07-ECD3-174C7088CDB7</ref>//www.riaa.com/newsitem.php?news_year_filter=&resultpage=109&id=3E66A511-1B98-4B07-ECD3-174C7088CDB7</ref>

2000s

www.thesun.co.uk/article/0,,2-2002471692,00.html The Sun], accessed 2nd August 2006</ref> This was later denied by Plant and Page's management company.<ref name="BBC NEWS 2">BBC News, accessed 2nd August 2006</ref>//www.thesun.co.uk/article/0,,2-2002471692,00.html The Sun], accessed 2nd August 2006</ref> This was later denied by Plant and Page's management company.<ref name="BBC NEWS 2">BBC News, accessed 2nd August 2006</ref>

news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/music/4123271.stm Zeppelin classic tops rock poll] BBC News, accessed 2nd August 2006</ref>//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/music/4123271.stm Zeppelin classic tops rock poll] BBC News, accessed 2nd August 2006</ref>

guitar.about.com/library/bl100greatest.htm Guitar World Magazine, 2005]</ref>//guitar.about.com/library/bl100greatest.htm Guitar World Magazine, 2005]</ref> www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5939214/the_immortals_the_first_fifty/ 100 Greatest Artists of All Time].<ref> The Immortals: The First Fifty

. Rolling Stone Issue 946
. Rolling Stone  
 

 

.</ref> In November 2005, it was announced that Led Zeppelin and Russian conductor Valery Gergiev were the winners of the 2006 Polar Music Prize. The King of Sweden presented the prize to Plant, Page and Jones, along with John Bonham's daughter, in Stockholm in May, 2006.<ref name="BBC News story">BBC News article, 23 May 2006</ref>//www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5939214/the_immortals_the_first_fifty/ 100 Greatest Artists of All Time].<ref> The Immortals: The First Fifty

. Rolling Stone Issue 946
. Rolling Stone  
 

 

.</ref> In November 2005, it was announced that Led Zeppelin and Russian conductor Valery Gergiev were the winners of the 2006 Polar Music Prize. The King of Sweden presented the prize to Plant, Page and Jones, along with John Bonham's daughter, in Stockholm in May, 2006.<ref name="BBC News story">BBC News article, 23 May 2006</ref>

blogger.xs4all.nl/werksman/archive/2006/09/21/124425.aspx]</ref><ref name="BBC News story Sept. 2006">BBC News article, 23 May 2006</ref>//blogger.xs4all.nl/werksman/archive/2006/09/21/124425.aspx]</ref><ref name="BBC News story Sept. 2006">BBC News article, 23 May 2006</ref>

observer.guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,,2137188,00.html]</ref>//observer.guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,,2137188,00.html]</ref>

In April 2007 Hard Rock Park announced it had secured an agreement with the band to create "Led Zeppelin-The Ride" - a roller coaster built by B&M synchronised to the music of Led Zeppelin's Whole Lotta Love. The coaster will stand Modèle:Formatnum:155 feet (Modèle:Convert/round m) tall, feature six inversions, and spiral over a lagoon. It will be found in the "Rock and Roll Heaven" section of Hard Rock Park. As of September 13, 2007, the ride track is complete. The park is aiming to conduct test runs in December. The park opens in May 2008 in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.

uk.news.yahoo.com/wenn/20070625/ten-led-zeppelin-to-reunite-c60bd6d.html | work =WEN (World Entertainment News) | pages = | accessdate = 2007-06-25 | language = }}</ref> However on June 28, Robert Plant made it appear at a press conference that the reunion discussions were false. <ref name="Plant shoots down rumour">"

   ROBERT PLANT Shoots Down LED ZEPPELIN Reunion Rumours 
     
 " , blabbermouth.net
  , 2007-06-28
 
  . Retrieved on 2007-06-28
 . </ref>//uk.news.yahoo.com/wenn/20070625/ten-led-zeppelin-to-reunite-c60bd6d.html | work =WEN (World Entertainment News) | pages = | accessdate = 2007-06-25 | language = }}</ref> However on June 28, Robert Plant made it appear at a press conference that the reunion discussions were false. <ref name="Plant shoots down rumour">"
   ROBERT PLANT Shoots Down LED ZEPPELIN Reunion Rumours 
     
 " , blabbermouth.net
  , 2007-06-28
 
  . Retrieved on 2007-06-28
 . </ref>

www.billboard.com/bbcom/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003617745 Led Zeppelin Readies Fall Reissue Bonanza]</ref>//www.billboard.com/bbcom/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003617745 Led Zeppelin Readies Fall Reissue Bonanza]</ref>

www.news.com/Led-Zeppelin-gives-in-to-digital-sales/2100-1027_3-6213456.html?tag=nefd.top www.news.com] published an article that Led Zeppelin were expected to announce a new series of agreements that make the band's songs available as legal digital downloads, first as ringtones through Verizon Wireless then as digital downloads of the band's eight studio albums and other recordings on November 13. The offerings will be available through both Verizon Wireless and iTunes.//www.news.com/Led-Zeppelin-gives-in-to-digital-sales/2100-1027_3-6213456.html?tag=nefd.top www.news.com] published an article that Led Zeppelin were expected to announce a new series of agreements that make the band's songs available as legal digital downloads, first as ringtones through Verizon Wireless then as digital downloads of the band's eight studio albums and other recordings on November 13. The offerings will be available through both Verizon Wireless and iTunes.

www.mirror.co.uk/ledzeppelin website].//www.mirror.co.uk/ledzeppelin website].

On November 8, 2007, XM Satellite Radio launched XM LED, the network's first artist-exclusive channel dedicated to Led Zeppelin.

On November 13, 2007, Led Zeppelin's complete works were published on iTunes.

2007 reunion

newsvote.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6990704.stm |publisher=BBC |date=2007-09-12 |accessdate=2007-09-12 }}</ref> Tickets were made available via a lottery system through Ahmettribute.com, costing £125 / $250.<ref name="reunion2">"

   Led Zeppelin Takes Flight, For One Night Only 
     
 " , Billboard.com
  , 2007-09-12
 
  . Retrieved on 2007-09-12
 . </ref> with all proceeds going to Ahmet's own charity. The website exceeded its bandwidth allowance and crashed almost immediately following the announcement, with the promoter predicting that the gig would cause the "largest demand for one show in history",<ref name="sitecrash">"
   demand for tickets crashes site 
     
 " , NME
  , 2007-09-13
 
  . Retrieved on 2007-09-13
 . </ref> due to the ticket request site receiving one billion page impressions, with one million people registering for fewer than 20,000 available tickets.//newsvote.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6990704.stm |publisher=BBC |date=2007-09-12 |accessdate=2007-09-12 }}</ref> Tickets were made available via a lottery system through Ahmettribute.com, costing £125 / $250.<ref name="reunion2">"
   Led Zeppelin Takes Flight, For One Night Only 
     
 " , Billboard.com
  , 2007-09-12
 
  . Retrieved on 2007-09-12
 . </ref> with all proceeds going to Ahmet's own charity. The website exceeded its bandwidth allowance and crashed almost immediately following the announcement, with the promoter predicting that the gig would cause the "largest demand for one show in history",<ref name="sitecrash">"
   demand for tickets crashes site 
     
 " , NME
  , 2007-09-13
 
  . Retrieved on 2007-09-13
 . </ref> due to the ticket request site receiving one billion page impressions, with one million people registering for fewer than 20,000 available tickets. 

www.ultimate-guitar.com/news/upcoming_releases/led_zep_to_record_new_material.html</ref><ref>[1]</ref> Pete Townshend was scheduled to perform as a supporting act, but pulled out when he heard Zeppelin was performing, saying, "They really don't need me."<ref>"Pete Townshend pulls out of Ahmet Ertegün concert</ref>//www.ultimate-guitar.com/news/upcoming_releases/led_zep_to_record_new_material.html</ref><ref>[2]</ref> Pete Townshend was scheduled to perform as a supporting act, but pulled out when he heard Zeppelin was performing, saying, "They really don't need me."<ref>"Pete Townshend pulls out of Ahmet Ertegün concert</ref>

news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7049242.stm "Zeppelin may make new material"]</ref> and has more recently suggested that a world tour may be in the works.<ref>"Jimmy Page hints at more shows"</ref>//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7049242.stm "Zeppelin may make new material"]</ref> and has more recently suggested that a world tour may be in the works.<ref>"Jimmy Page hints at more shows"</ref>

www.rollingstone.com/rockdaily/index.php/2007/11/01/led-zeppelin-reunion-concert-postponed-due-to-fractured-finger/ Led Zeppelin Reunion Concert Postponed Due to Fractured Finger]</ref>//www.rollingstone.com/rockdaily/index.php/2007/11/01/led-zeppelin-reunion-concert-postponed-due-to-fractured-finger/ Led Zeppelin Reunion Concert Postponed Due to Fractured Finger]</ref>

www2.kerrang.com/2007/12/led_zeppelin_release_reunion_d.html Led Zeppelin Release Reunion DVD - Kerrang.com]</ref>//www2.kerrang.com/2007/12/led_zeppelin_release_reunion_d.html Led Zeppelin Release Reunion DVD - Kerrang.com]</ref>

Music critics in attendance were unanimous in their praise for the band's performance. "What they have done here tonight is proof they can still perform to the level that originally earned them their legendary reputation," proclaimed Britain's New Musical Express. "We can only hope this isn't the last we see of them."^{[citation needed]}

www.nme.com/news/led-zeppelin/33127]</ref> Red Hot Chili Peppers drummer Chad Smith, BBC Radio 1 DJ Chris Moyles, Lostprophets drummer Ilan Rubin,<ref>buzznetIlan Rubins take on the gig Retrieved December 12 2007</ref> Paul McCartney, Brian May, <ref>brianmay.com</ref> David Gilmour, Oasis brothers Noel and Liam, Arctic Monkeys, U2's The Edge, Bernard Sumner, Dave Mustaine, Peter Gabriel, Mick Jagger, Juliette Lewis, Richard Hammond, Jeremy Clarkson, The Verve's Richard Ashcroft,<ref>NME</ref> Marilyn Manson, actor David Boreanaz and many more.//www.nme.com/news/led-zeppelin/33127]</ref> Red Hot Chili Peppers drummer Chad Smith, BBC Radio 1 DJ Chris Moyles, Lostprophets drummer Ilan Rubin,<ref>buzznetIlan Rubins take on the gig Retrieved December 12 2007</ref> Paul McCartney, Brian May, <ref>brianmay.com</ref> David Gilmour, Oasis brothers Noel and Liam, Arctic Monkeys, U2's The Edge, Bernard Sumner, Dave Mustaine, Peter Gabriel, Mick Jagger, Juliette Lewis, Richard Hammond, Jeremy Clarkson, The Verve's Richard Ashcroft,<ref>NME</ref> Marilyn Manson, actor David Boreanaz and many more.

While Plant made his position regarding a reunion tour known to the Sunday Times ("The whole idea of being on a cavalcade of merciless repetition is not what it's all about"), he also made it known that he could be in favour of more one-off shows in the near future: "It wouldn't be such a bad idea to play together from time to time."

Allegations of plagiarism

ca.youtube.com/watch?v=Yp-CkH56G34 See Jansch's spoken intro to Black Water Side, recorded in 2006</ref>) and the riff from "Your Time Is Gonna Come" from Traffic's "Dear Mr. Fantasy". He also accused the band of mimicking black artists, and showing off, which is not exactly plagiarism. This marked the beginning of a long rift between the band and the magazine, with Led Zeppelin rejecting later requests for interviews and cover stories as their level of success escalated.<ref name="Rolling Stone">Andy Greene, "At War With the Mystics: Led Zepp vs. 'Rolling Stone'," Rolling Stone Magazine</ref>//ca.youtube.com/watch?v=Yp-CkH56G34 See Jansch's spoken intro to Black Water Side, recorded in 2006</ref>) and the riff from "Your Time Is Gonna Come" from Traffic's "Dear Mr. Fantasy". He also accused the band of mimicking black artists, and showing off, which is not exactly plagiarism. This marked the beginning of a long rift between the band and the magazine, with Led Zeppelin rejecting later requests for interviews and cover stories as their level of success escalated.<ref name="Rolling Stone">Andy Greene, "At War With the Mystics: Led Zepp vs. 'Rolling Stone'," Rolling Stone Magazine</ref>

www.furious.com/perfect/jakeholmes.html</ref> Holmes did not file suit over the song, although he did send the band a letter stating "I understand it's a collaborative effort, but I think you should give me some credit at least and some remunity." He received no reply to his letter and he did not follow up on it.<ref name="perfect"/> Holmes is however also reported to have said "what the hell, let him [Page] have it [Dazed and Confused]".<ref name="Hammer of the Gods"> Modèle:Cite book</ref>//www.furious.com/perfect/jakeholmes.html</ref> Holmes did not file suit over the song, although he did send the band a letter stating "I understand it's a collaborative effort, but I think you should give me some credit at least and some remunity." He received no reply to his letter and he did not follow up on it.<ref name="perfect"/> Holmes is however also reported to have said "what the hell, let him [Page] have it [Dazed and Confused]".<ref name="Hammer of the Gods"> Modèle:Cite book</ref>

www.abc.net.au/triplej/music_specials/s1402502.htm Australian Broadcasting Corporation website]</ref> Dixon himself did not benefit until he sued Arc Music to recover his royalties and copyrights. Years later, Dixon filed suit against Led Zeppelin over "Whole Lotta Love" and an out-of-court settlement was reached.<ref>Whole Lotta Love</ref> Later pressings of Led Zeppelin II credit Dixon. Similarly, the "Lemon Song", from the same album, was a cover of Howlin' Wolf's "Killing Floor". The band was successfully sued for copyright and forced to give credit to the original author of the song.<ref>http://www.turnmeondeadman.net/Zep/LemonSong.php</ref>//www.abc.net.au/triplej/music_specials/s1402502.htm Australian Broadcasting Corporation website]</ref> Dixon himself did not benefit until he sued Arc Music to recover his royalties and copyrights. Years later, Dixon filed suit against Led Zeppelin over "Whole Lotta Love" and an out-of-court settlement was reached.<ref>Whole Lotta Love</ref> Later pressings of Led Zeppelin II credit Dixon. Similarly, the "Lemon Song", from the same album, was a cover of Howlin' Wolf's "Killing Floor". The band was successfully sued for copyright and forced to give credit to the original author of the song.<ref>http://www.turnmeondeadman.net/Zep/LemonSong.php</ref>

Two songs from the album "Physical Graffiti" have also come under scrutiny. "Boogie with Stu" is simply the Richie Valens song "Ooh! My head" retitled and "In My Time of Dying" is a traditional blues number (covered by Blind Willie Johnson and Bob Dylan among others), yet it is credited to Page/Plant/Jones/Bonham.<ref>[www.artofthemix.org]</ref>. See also Dylan's Modern Times which has received similar criticisms.

www.turnmeondeadman.net/Zep/StairwayToHeaven.php</ref>.//www.turnmeondeadman.net/Zep/StairwayToHeaven.php</ref>.

Discography

Main article: Led Zeppelin discography

Filmography

References

Modèle:Citation style

Published sources

• Dave Lewis (2003), Led Zeppelin: Celebration II: The 'Tight But Loose' Files, London: Omnibus Press. ISBN 1-84449-056-4.
• Dave Lewis and Simon Pallett (1997) Led Zeppelin: The Concert File, London: Omnibus Press. ISBN 0-7119-5307-4.
• Dave Lewis (2004) The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin, London: Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9.
• Chris Welch (2006) Led Zeppelin: Dazed and Confused: The Stories Behind Every Song, Thunder's Mouth Press, ISBN 1-56025-818-7.
• Chris Welch (2002), Peter Grant: The Man Who Led Zeppelin, London: Omnibus Press. ISBN 0-7119-9195-2.
• Richard Cole and Richard Trubo (1992), Stairway to Heaven: Led Zeppelin Uncensored, New York: HarperCollins, ISBN 0-06-018323-3.
• Stephen Davis (1985) Hammer of the Gods: The Led Zeppelin Saga, New York: William Morrow & Co., ISBN 0-688-04507-3.
• Luis Rey (1997) Led Zeppelin Live: An Illustrated Exploration of Underground Tapes, Ontario: The Hot Wacks Press. ISBN 4ISBN 0-9698080-7-0.
• Susan Fast (2001) In the Houses of the Holy: Led Zeppelin and the Power of Rock Music, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19514-723-5.
• The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock and Roll (2001 edition).

External links

Modèle:Portal Modèle:Wikiquote www.ledzeppelin.com/ Led Zeppelin: Official Site]//www.ledzeppelin.com/ Led Zeppelin: Official Site] www.ledzeppelin.com/ Led Zeppelin: Official Site]//www.rockhall.com/hof/inductee.asp?id=141 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame bio] www.ledzeppelin.com/ Led Zeppelin: Official Site]//www.rollingstone.com/artists/ledzeppelin/biography Rolling Stone Magazine bio] www.ledzeppelin.com/ Led Zeppelin: Official Site]//www.bbc.co.uk/blackcountry/content/articles/2007/09/06/robert_plant_feature.shtml BBC interview with Robert Plant about the Led Zeppelin reunion] www.ledzeppelin.com/ Led Zeppelin: Official Site]//www.rickmcgrath.com/ledzep.html 1971 interview with Led Zeppelin]

• Modèle:MusicBrainz artist

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