1914

Un article de Vev.

Modèle:Year nav Modèle:C20YearInTopicX Year 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). Modèle:C20YearTOC

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Events of 1914

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January 5: Ford 8-hour workday.

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January-February

January 5 - Ford Motor Company announces an eight-hour workday and a minimum wage of $5 for a day's labor.
January 9 - Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity, Inc. founded at Howard University in Washington, D.C.
January 10 - Mexican Revolution - Pancho Villa's troops take Ojinaga in the Mexican state of Chihuahua.
February 13 - Copyright: In New York City the ASCAP (for American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers) is established to protect the copyrighted musical compositions of its members.

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March-April

March 1 - The Republic of China joins the Universal Postal Union.
March 7 - Prince William of Wied arrives in Albania to begin his reign.
March 10 - Suffragette Mary Richardson damages Velasquez painting Rokeby Venus in London’s national gallery with a meat chopper.
March 16 - Wife of French minister Joseph Caillaux shoots Gaston Calmette, the editor of Le Figaro because he threatened to publish Caillaux's love letters to her during his previous marriage. (She is later acquitted.)
March 27 - Belgian surgeon Albert Hustin makes the first successful non-direct blood transfusion, using anticoagulants.
March 29 - Katherine Routledge and her husband arrive in Easter Island to make the first true study of it (departs August 1915)
April 9 - The Tampico Affair results in the occupation of the Mexican port city of Veracruz for over six months.
April 11 - Alpha Rho Chi, a professional architecture fraternity, is founded in the Hotel Sherman in Chicago.
April 14 - The city of Irving, Texas is incorporated.
April 20 - Colorado coalfield Massacre or Ludlow Massacre. Colorado National guard attacks 1200 tent colony of striking coal miners in Ludlow - 24 people dead.
April 21 - 3000 US marines land in Vera Cruz, Mexico.
The American Radio Relay League is founded.

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May-June

May 9 - J.T. Hearne becomes the first bowler to take 3000 first-class wickets.
May 14 - Woodrow Wilson signs Mother's Day proclamation.
May 25 - The United Kingdom's House of Commons passes Irish Home Rule.
May 29 - The ocean liner Empress of Ireland sinks in Gulf of St. Lawrence; 1,024 lives lost.
June 1 - Woodrow Wilson's envoy Edward Mandell House meets with Kaiser Wilhelm II.
June 18 - Constitutionals take San Luis Potosí - Venustiano Carranza demands Victoriano Huerta's surrender
June 23 - Kiel Canal reopened (having been deepened) by the Kaiser; Visit of the British Fleet under Sir G. Warrender: Kaiser inspects the Dreadnought HMS King George V.
June 28 - Serb nationalist Gavrilo Princip assassinates Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Duchess Sophie
June 29
- Austria-Hungary: Secretary of the Legation at Belgrade sends despatch to Vienna suggesting Serbian complicity in the crime of Sarajevo. Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo and throughout Bosnia generally.
- Chionya Gusyeva attempts and fails to assassinate Grigori Rasputin at his home town in Siberia.
June 30 - Great Britain - Addresses in Parliament on the murdered Archduke: Lords Crewe & Lansdowne in House of Lords; Messrs. Asquith & Law in Commons.

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July

July 2 - Announcement that the German Kaiser will not attend the Archduke's funeral.
July 4 - Austria-Hungary: Funeral of the Archduke at Artstetten (50 miles west of Vienna).
July 5 - Council at Potsdam.
July 6 - The German Kaiser leaves Kiel for a cruise in Northern waters.
July 7 - Austria-Hungary: Council of Ministers, including Ministers for Foreign Affairs and War, Chief of General Staff and Naval Commander-in-Chief; Council lasts from 11.30 a.m. to 6.15 p.m.
July 9
- The House of Lords completed the recasting of the Amendment Bill.
- Austria-Hungary - Emperor receives report of Austro-Hungarian investigation into the Sarajevo crime. The Times publishes account of Austro-Hungarian press campaign against the Serbians (who are described as "pestilent rats").
July 10 - Mr.Hartwig, Russian Minister to Serbia, dies suddenly at Austrian Legation in Belgrade.
July 11 - Baseball legend Babe Ruth makes his major league debut with the Red Sox
July 12 - Demonstrations in Ulster suggesting civil war.
July 13 - Reports of a projected Serbian attack upon the Austro-Hungarian Legation at Belgrade.
July 14 - Government of Ireland Amending Bill passed by House of Lords.
July 15
- Victoriano Huerta resigns and leaves for Colón.
- Count Tisza makes statement in Hungarian chamber relations with Serbia: " they must be cleared up."
July 18 - The Signal Corps of the United States Army is formed, giving definite status to its air service for the first time. British Fleet at Spithead: reviewed by the King.
July 19 - Austria-Hungary - Press scare concerning alleged "Greater Serbia" conspiracy. The King summons a Conference to discuss the Home Rule Problem.
July 27 - Felix Manalo registers the Iglesia ni Cristo with the Filipino government.
July 28 - World War I begins: Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia.

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August

August - Marcus Garvey in Jamaica founds Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA).
August 1 - Germany declares war on Russia, following Russia's military mobilization in support of Serbia.
August 2
- German troops occupy Luxembourg.
- Secret treaty between Turkey and Germany to secure Turkish neutrality.
August 3 - Germany declares war on Russia's ally France.
August 4 - German troops invade neutral Belgium. Britain declares war on Germany. The United States declares neutrality.
August 5 -16 - The Battle of Liège
August 8 - German colonial forces execute Martin-Paul Samba for high treason.
August 12 - The Battle of Haelen
August 15
- The Panama Canal is inaugurated with the passage of the steamship SS Ancon.
- Venustiano Carranza's troops under general Alvaro Obregon enter Mexico City.
- Edward Elgar's Sospiri, a moving adagio for strings and harp, first performed in London
August 16-19 - The Battle of Cer, first Entente victory in World War I
August 17-September 2 - World War I: Battle of Tannenberg.
August 20 - World War I: German forces occupy Brussels.
August 23 - Japan declares war on Germany.
August 26-27 - The Battle of Le Cateau.
August 28 - The Battle of Heligoland - British cruisers under admiral Beatty sink three German cruisers.

Image:Pope-benedict-xv-02.jpg

Pope Benedict XV, the new Pope

August 29-30 - The Battle of St. Quentin.

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September

September 1 - St. Petersburg, Russia changes its name to "Petrograd."
- The last known passenger pigeon dies in the Cincinnati Zoo.
September 2 - Moronvilliers occupied by the Germans.
September 3
- Pope Benedict XV (Giacomo della Chiesa) succeeds Pope Pius X as the 258th pope.
- William, Prince of Albania leaves the country after just six months due to opposition to his rule.
September 5
- London Agreement: no member of Triple Entente (Britain, France, or Russia) may seek a separate peace with Central Powers.
- In World War I, First Battle of the Marne begins: Northeast of Paris, the French 6th Army under General Maunoury attacks German forces nearing Paris. Over 2 million fight (500,000 killed/wounded) in the Allied victory.
September 6 - French and British counterattack at Marne ends German advance on Paris.
September 13 - South African troops open hostilities in German South-West Africa (today Namibia) with an assault on the Ramansdrift police station.
September 13-28 - The First Battle of the Aisne.
September 17 - Andrew Fisher becomes Prime Minister of Australia for the third time.
September 26 - The US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) established by the Federal Trade Commission Act.
September 30 - Flying Squadron established to promote temperance movement.

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October

October 7 - Marriage of Rose Fitzgerald to Joseph Patrick Kennedy Sr in Boston.
October 9 - World War I: Siege of Antwerp - Antwerp, Belgium falls to German troops.
October 13 - Boston Braves beat the Philadelphia Athletics 3-1, to win baseball's World Series.
October 29 - World War I: Ottoman warships shell Russian Black Sea ports: Russia, France, and Britain declare war on November 1-5.

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November

November 1 - World War I: Battle of Coronel fought - A Royal Navy squadron commanded by Rear-Admiral Sir Christopher Cradock is met and defeated by the superior German forces led by Vice-Admiral Graf Maximilian von Spee. This is the first British naval defeat of the war.
November 4 - Britain and France declare war on Turkey.
November 5 - The United Kingdom annexes Cyprus, and together with France declares war on the Ottoman Empire.
November 7 - The Japanese seize Jiaozhou Bay in China, the base of the German East Asia Squadron.
November 16 - A year after being created by passage of the Federal Reserve Act of 1913, the Federal Reserve Bank of the United States officially opens for business.
November 16 - The Battle of Kolubara begins
November 23 - US troops withdraw from Veracruz. Venustiano Carranza's troops take over and Carranza makes the town his headquarters
November 24 - Benito Mussolini is expelled from the Italian Socialist Party.
November 28 - World War I: Following a war-induced closure in July, the New York Stock Exchange re-opens for bond trading.

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December

December 15 - Gas explosion at Mitsubishi Hojyo coal mine, Kyūshū, Japan, 687 killed. This accident is the worst coal mine disaster in Japanese history.
December 19 - The Battle of Kolubara ends, resulting in decisive Serbian victory
December 24 - World War I: British and German soldiers interrupted World War I to celebrate Christmas, beginning the Christmas truce.

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Undated

Blaise Diagne of Senegal becomes the first black African representative in the French parliament.
The first everyday items made of stainless steel come into public circulation.
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi returns to India from South Africa to spearhead the Indian independence movement.
The capital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China is moved from Guilin to Nanning.
Port of Orange, Texas dredged for the fabrication of vessels for the United States Navy.
The United States Power Squadrons formed.
Phi Sigma, a local undergraduate classical club, is founded by a group of students in the Department of Greek at the University of Chicago.

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Ongoing

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Births

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January

January 1 - Noor Inayat Khan, World War II heroine (d. 1944)
January 4
- Herman Franks, baseball player
- Jean-Pierre Vernant, French historian and anthropologist (d. 2007)
January 5 - George Reeves, American actor (d. 1959)
January 6 - Danny Thomas, American singer, actor, and comedian (d. 1991)
January 12 - Albrecht von Goertz, German car designer (d. 2006)
January 13 - Ted Willis, British television dramatist and author (d. 1992)
January 14 - Harold Russell, Canadian actor (d. 2002)
January 15 - Hugh Trevor-Roper, Baron Dacre of Glanton, English historian (d. 2003)
January 17
- William Stafford, American poet and pacifist (d. 1993)
- Anacleto Angelini, Italian-born businessman
January 18 - Arno Schmidt, German author (d. 1979)
January 26 - Princess Hadice Hayriye Ayshe Dürrühsehvar (d. 2006)
January 30
- John Ireland, Canadian-born actor (d. 1992)
- David Wayne, American actor (d. 1995)
January 31 - Jersey Joe Walcott, American boxer (d. 1994)

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February

February 1 - George Nissen, American gymnast and inventor
February 4
- Alfred Andersch, German writer (d. 1980)
- Ida Lupino, English actress, director, and writer (d. 1995)
February 5
- Silvius Magnago, Italian politician
- William S. Burroughs, American author (d. 1997)
- Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, British scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1998)
February 6 - Thurl Ravenscroft, American voice actor (d. 2005)
February 9 - Ernest Tubb, American singer (d. 1984)
February 11 - Matt Dennis, American singer (d. 2002)
February 12 - Tex Beneke, American musician (d. 2000)
February 15 - Kevin McCarthy, American actor
February 19 - Jacques Dufilho, French comedian and actor (d. 2005)
February 20 - Peter Rogers, British film producer
February 22 - Renato Dulbecco, Italian-born virologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
February 23 - Theofiel Middelkamp, Dutch cyclist (d. 2005)
February 24 - Zachary Scott, American actor (d. 1965)

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March

March 1 - Ralph Ellison, American writer (d. 1994)
March 2 - Martin Ritt, American director (d. 1990)
March 4
- Ward Kimball, American cartoonist (d. 2002)
- Robert R. Wilson, American physicist, sculptor and architect (d. 2000)
March 6 - Kiril Kondrashin, Russian conductor (d. 1981)
March 8 - Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich, Russian physicist (d. 1987)
March 13 - Edward O'Hare, American pilot (d. 1943)
March 14
- Bill Owen, English actor (d. 1999)
- Abdias do Nascimento, Brazilian actor, artist and politician
March 17 - Sammy Baugh, American football player
March 19 - Jay Berwanger, American football player (d. 2002)
March 25 - Norman Borlaug, American agricultural scientist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
March 26 - William Westmoreland, U.S. general (d. 2005)
March 27 - Budd Schulberg, American screenwriter
March 28 - Edmund Muskie, American politician (d. 1996)
March 30 - Sonny Boy Williamson, American musician (d. 1948)
March 31 - Octavio Paz, Mexican diplomat and writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998)

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April

April 2
- Alec Guinness, English actor (d. 2000)
- Hans Wegner, Danish furniture designer (d. 2007)
April 4
- Marguerite Duras, French author and director (d. 1996)
- Richard Coogan, American actor
- Frances Langford, American singer and actress (d. 2005)
April 8
- Maria Felix, Mexican actress (d. 2002)
- Claire Martin, Canadian author
April 9 - Nouhak Phoumsavanh, President of Laos
April 11 - Robert Stanfield, Premier of Nova Scotia (d. 2003)
April 12
- Armen Alchian, American author and economist
- Adriaan Blaauw, Dutch astronomer
April 21 - James Henry Quello, American Federal Communications Commissioner
April 22
- Jan de Hartog, Dutch writer (d. 2002)
- Baldev Raj Chopra, Indian film director
April 25 - Ross Lockridge, Jr., American writer (d. 1948)
April 26
- Bernard Malamud, American author (d. 1986)
- Lilian Rolfe, French-born World War II heroine (d. 1941)
April 28 - Michel Mohrt, French author and historian
April 30 - Dorival Caymmi, Brazilian songwriter

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May

May 8 - Romain Gary, Russian-born writer and diplomat (d. 1980)
May 9 - Hank Snow, Canadian country musician (d. 1999)
May 12
- Bertus Aafjes, Dutch poet (d. 1993)
- Howard K. Smith, American journalist (d. 2002)
May 13
- Joe Louis, American boxer (d. 1981)
- Phil Drabble, British author and television personality (d. 2007)
May 15 - Leo Beranek, American acoustic scientist
May 16 - Edward T. Hall, American anthropologist
May 18 - Boris Christoff, Bulgarian opera singer (d. 1993)
May 19
- Go Seigen, Japanese Go player
- Max Perutz, Austrian-born molecular biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (d. 2002)
- Alex Shibicky, Canadian hockey player (d. 2005)
May 22
- Vance Packard, American author (d. 1996)
- Sun Ra, American musician (d. 1993)
May 24
- Arthur A. Link, American politician
- George Tabori, Hungarian writer and director
May 26 - Frankie Manning, American choreographer and dancer
May 28 - W. G. G. Duncan Smith, British World War II pilot (d. 1996)

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June

June 11 - Trammell Crow, American developer
June 13 - Freddie Franklin, British ballet dancer and choreographer
June 15
- Yuri Andropov, Soviet politician (d. 1984)
- Lena Kennedy, English author (d. 1986)
- Saul Steinberg, Romanian-born cartoonist (d. 1999)
June 18 - E. G. Marshall, American actor (d. 1998)
June 19 - Alan Cranston, U.S. Senator (d. 2000)
June 21 - William Vickrey, Canadian economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1996)
June 24 - Frances Oldham Kelsey, American Food and Drug Administration reviewer
June 26 - Doc Williams, American musician
June 29 - Rafael Kubelík, Czech-born conductor (d. 1996)

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July

July 2 - Frederick Fennell, American conductor (d. 2004)
July 6 - Vincent J. McMahon, professional wrestling promoter (d. 1988)
July 8
- Sarah P. Harkness, American architect
- Jyoti Basu, Indian politician
July 10
- Charles Donnelly, Irish poet (d. 1937)
- Joe Shuster, Canadian-born comic book author (d. 1992)
July 14 - George Putnam, American reporter and talk show host
July 15
- Akhtar Hameed Khan, pioneer of microcredit in developing countries (d. 1999)
- Hammond Innes, English author (d. 1998)
July 19
- John Kenneth Macalister, Canadian World War II hero (d. 1944)
- Marius Russo, baseball player (d. 2005)
July 20 - Masa Niemi, Finnish actor (d. 1960)
July 24 - Ed Mirvish, Canadian businessman and philanthropist (d. 2007)
July 25 - Lionel Van Deerlin, American politician
July 29 - Irwin Corey, American actor and comic
July 30 - Lord Killanin, Irish president of the International Olympic Committee (d. 1999)