1953

Un article de Vev.

Modèle:Year nav Modèle:C20YearInTopicX Year 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. Modèle:C20YearTOCship

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Events of 1953

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January

January 7 - President Harry S. Truman announces the United States has developed a hydrogen bomb.
January 12 - Estonian émigrés found a government in exile in Oslo.
January 14
- Marshal Josip Broz Tito chosen President of Yugoslavia.
- CIA-sponsored Robertson Panel first meets to discuss the UFO phenomenon. Official results are to publicly "debunk" them and use the media to ridicule people.
January 15 - Georg Dertinger, foreign minister of East Germany, is arrested for spying.
January 20 - Change of US presidency from Harry S. Truman (1945-1953) to Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953-1961).
January 22 - The Crucible, a drama by Arthur Miller, opens on Broadway.
January 24 – Mau Mau rebels in Kenya kill Ruck family – father, mother and a 6-year-old son.
January 26 - Walter Ulbricht announces that the agriculture will be collectivized in East Germany.
January 28 - Derek Bentley is executed for murder in Wandsworth Prison.
January 31-February 1 - North Sea flood of 1953 kills 1,835 people in the southwestern Netherlands (especially Zeeland), 307 in the United Kingdom and several hundred at sea, including 132 on the ferry Princess Victoria in the Irish Sea.

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February

February 1 - Surge of North Sea Flood of 1953 continues from the previous day.
February 5 - The movie Peter Pan premieres (Roxy Theatre, New York City).
February 11
- President Eisenhower refuses clemency appeal for Ethel and Julius Rosenberg.
- The Soviet Union breaks diplomatic relations with Israel.
February 13 - Transsexual Christine Jorgenson returns to New York after successful sexual reassignment surgery in Denmark.
February 16 - Pakistan Academy of Sciences established in Pakistan.
February 18 - The first 3D film, Bwana Devil opens.
February 19 - Censorship: Georgia approves the first literature censorship board in the United States.
February 28 - James D. Watson and Francis Crick announce that they have discovered the structure of the DNA molecule.

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March

March 1
- Joseph Stalin suffers a stroke and collapses after an all-night dinner with Soviet Union interior minister Lavrenty Beria and future premiers Georgi Malenkov, Nikolai Bulganin and Nikita Khrushchev. The stroke paralyzed the right side of his body.
- Bernard Freyberg, 1st Baron Freyberg made the deputy constable and lieutenant governor of Windsor Castle.
March 5 - Joseph Stalin dies after 26 years of ruling the Soviet Union. Russian composer Sergei Prokofiev also dies on this day.
March 6 - Georgy Maksimilianovich Malenkov succeeds Josef Stalin as Premier and First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
March 13 - United Nations Security Council nominates Dag Hammarskjöld as United Nations Secretary General
March 14 - Nikita Khruschev selected general secretary of the Soviet communist party.
March 17 - Nuclear test in Nevada - with 1620 spectators at 3.4 km (2.1 miles).
March 18 - An earthquake hits western Turkey killing 250.
March 24 - Death of Paul Couturier, architect of the Week of Prayer for Christian Unity
March 25-26 - Lari Massacre in Kenya - Mau Mau rebels kill up to 150 kikuyu natives.
March 26 - Jonas Salk announces his polio vaccine.

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April

April 7 - Dag Hammarskjöld is elected United Nations Secretary General.
April 8 – Jomo Kenyatta is sentenced for seven years in prison for alleged organization of Mau Mau Rebellion.
April 13 - Ian Fleming publishes his first James Bond novel, Casino Royale in the United Kingdom.
April 25 - Francis Crick and James D. Watson publish their description of the double helix structure of DNA.(::Watson, J. D. and Crick, F. H. C. (1953). Molecular structure of nucleic acids: a structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid. Nature 171, 737-738.)

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May

Image:Sagarmatha ck Oct18 2002.jpg

Mount Everest.

May 2
- Hussein is crowned King of Jordan.
- 38-year-old Stanley Matthews is finally on the winning side in the FA Cup, in his third final.
May 9 – France agrees to the provisional independence of Cambodia with the king Norodom Sihanouk.
May 10 - Town of Chemnitz in East Germany becomes Karl Marx Stadt.
May 11 - The Waco Tornado: A F5 tornado hits in the downtown section of Waco, Texas killing 114.
May 18 - At Rogers Dry Lake, California Jackie Cochran becomes the first woman to break the sound barrier (she flew in a F-86 Sabrejet at an average speed of 652.337 miles-per-hour).
May 25 - Nuclear testing: At the Nevada Test Site, the United States conducts its first and only nuclear artillery test.
May 29 - Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay perform the first successful ascent to the summit of Mount Everest.

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June

June 2 - Coronation of Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom at Westminster Abbey.
June 7 - General election in Italy.
June 8
- Flint-Worcester Tornadoes: A tornado hits in Flint, Michigan and kills 115. This is the last tornado to claim more than 100 lives.
- Austria and Soviet Union form diplomatic relations.
June 9
- CIA Technical Services Staff head Sidney Gottlieb approves of the use of LSD in a MKULTRA subproject.
- Flint-Worcester Tornadoes: A tornado spawned from the same storm system as the Flint tornado hits in Worcester, Massachusetts killing 94.
June 12 - Currency reform causes riots in Czechoslovakia.
June 13 - Hungarian Prime Minister Mátyás Rákosi is replaced by Imre Nagy.
June 16 - Soviet Union and Yugoslavia form diplomatic relations.
June 17 - Workers Uprising: In East Germany, the Soviet Union orders a Division (military) of troops into East Berlin to quell a rebellion.
June 18 - Egypt declares a republic.
June 19 - Execution of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg.
June 21 - Birth of Benazir Bhutto
June 30 - The first Chevrolet Corvette is built at Flint (Michigan).

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July

July 4 - Strikes and riots in coal mining regions in Poland
July 5 - First meeting of the assembly of the European Economic Community in Strasbourg, France.
July 10 – Soviet official paper Pravda announces that Lavrenti Beria has been deposed from his positions as a head of NKVD.
July 26 - Fidel Castro and his brother lead a disastrous assault on the Moncada Barracks - preliminary to the Cuban Revolution.
July 27 - Korean War ends: The United States, People's Republic of China, North Korea, and South Korea sign an armistice agreement.

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August

August 5 - Operation Big Switch, operation to repatriate prisoners of war after the Korean War.
August 7 - Ohio admitted as a U. S. state, retroactive to 1803.
August 8 - Soviet prime minister Georgi Malenkov announces that Soviet Union has a hydrogen bomb.
August 11 - A magnitude 7.2 earthquake totally devastates most of the Ionian Sea islands in Greece's worst natural disaster in centuries.
August 13 - 4 million workers go on strike in France to protest austerity measures.
August 17 - Addiction: First meeting of Narcotics Anonymous in Southern California, see October 5.
August 18 - Kinsey report is issued.
August 19 - Cold War: The CIA helps to overthrow the government of Mohammed Mossadegh in Iran and retain Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi on the throne (see: Operation Ajax).
August 20
- French government oust the sultan of Morocco and exiles him to Corsica.
- The United States gives West Germany 382 ships it had captured during World War II.
August 25 - General strike ends in France.

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September

September 5 - United Nations does not accept Soviet Union's suggestion to accept China as a member.
September 7 - Nikita Khrushchev becomes head of the Soviet Central Committee.
September 25
- Hurricane in South-East Asia: over 1000 dead.
- First German prisoners of war return from Soviet Union to West Germany.
September 26 - Rationing of cane sugar ends in the UK.

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October

October
- The UNIVAC 1103 is the first commercial computer to use random access memory.
United States tests H-Bomb.
October 5 - First meeting of Narcotics Anonymous (first planning session was held August 17).
October 9
- Konrad Adenauer is re-elected as a German chancellor.
- Guyanese constitution suspended.
October 12 - "The Caine Mutiny Court Martial" opens at Plymouth Theatre, New York.
October 23 - Philippines' DZAQ-TV3 (now ABS-CBN) made its initial telecast, becoming Asia's first commercial television broadcaster.
October 30 - Cold War: US President Dwight D. Eisenhower formally approves the top secret document National Security Council Paper No. 162/2, which states that the United States' arsenal of nuclear weapons must be maintained and expanded to counter the communist threat.

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November

November 5 - David Ben Gurion resigns as a prime minister of Israel.
November 9 - Cambodia becomes independent from France.
November 21
- Puerto Williams is founded in Chile as the southernmost settlement of the world.
- Authorities at the British Natural History Museum announce that the skull of the "Piltdown Man", one of the most famous fossil skulls in the world, is a hoax.
November 25 - England lose 6-3 to Hungary at Wembley Stadium, their first ever loss to a continental team at home.
November 29 - French paratroopers take Dien Bien Phu.
November 30 - Edward Mutesa II, the kabaka (king) of Buganda is deposed and exiled to London by Sir Andrew Cohen, Governor of Uganda.

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December

Hugh Hefner published the first issue of Playboy Magazine selling 54,175 copies at $.50 each.
December 2 - United Kingdom and Iran reform diplomatic relations.
December 8 - US president Dwight D. Eisenhower delivers his Atoms for Peace address to the UN General Assembly in New York City.
December 10 - Albert Schweitzer was given the 1952 Nobel Peace Prize.
December 17 - The FCC approves color television.
December 23 - Soviet Union announces officially that Lavrenti Beria has been executed.
December 24 - 153 people die as a result of the Tangiwai disaster when the railway bridge collapses at Tangiwai, New Zealand sending a fully loaded passenger train into the Whangaehu River.
December 30 - The first color television sets go on sale for about $1,175 (American dollars).

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Undated

The Japanese 10 yen coin was issued with serrated edges for a five year period beginning in 1953. All 10 yen coins since and before had smooth edges.
Heavy massive rain, landslide, flood occurred western and southwestern Japan. Japanese official estimated 2,566 dead, 9,433 injured, mainly damarged at Kizugawa, Wakayama, Kumamoto and Kitakyushu. (June-August)
The videogame Portal's (Valve, 2007) fictional company Aperture Science is founded