YouTube
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Modèle:Pp-semi-protected Modèle:Infobox Dotcom company
www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2006-10-11-youtube-karim_x.htm "Surprise! There's a third YouTube co-founder"], USATODAY, October 11, 2006.</ref> The San Bruno-based service uses Adobe Flash technology to display a wide variety of video content, including movie clips, TV clips and music videos, as well as amateur content such as videoblogging and short original videos. In October 2006, Google Inc. announced that it had reached a deal to acquire the company for US$1.65 billion in Google stock. The deal closed on November 13, 2006.<ref>"Google closes $A2b YouTube deal", Reuters, November 14, 2006.</ref>//www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2006-10-11-youtube-karim_x.htm "Surprise! There's a third YouTube co-founder"], USATODAY, October 11, 2006.</ref> The San Bruno-based service uses Adobe Flash technology to display a wide variety of video content, including movie clips, TV clips and music videos, as well as amateur content such as videoblogging and short original videos. In October 2006, Google Inc. announced that it had reached a deal to acquire the company for US$1.65 billion in Google stock. The deal closed on November 13, 2006.<ref>"Google closes $A2b YouTube deal", Reuters, November 14, 2006.</ref>
Unregistered users can watch most videos on the site, while registered users are permitted to upload an unlimited number of videos. Some videos are available only to users of age 18 or older (e.g. videos containing potentially offensive content). The uploading of pornography or videos containing nudity is prohibited. Related videos, determined by title and tags, appear onscreen to the right of a given video. In YouTube's second year, functions were added to enhance user ability to post video 'responses' and subscribe to content feeds.
www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2006-07-16-youtube-views_x.htm |work=USA TODAY |publisher=Gannett Company, Inc |date=2006-07-16 |accessdate=2007-11-24 }}</ref>//www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2006-07-16-youtube-views_x.htm |work=USA TODAY |publisher=Gannett Company, Inc |date=2006-07-16 |accessdate=2007-11-24 }}</ref>
online.wsj.com/public/article/SB115689298168048904-5wWyrSwyn6RfVfz9NwLk774VUWc_20070829.html |work=The Wall Street Journal Online |publisher=Dow Jones & Company |date=2006-08-30 |accessdate=2007-11-24 }}</ref> As of 20 December 2007, a YouTube search for "*" returns about 60,500,000 (mostly likely more) videos (the asterisk is a commonly-used wildcard character in search engines, therefore showing all videos).//online.wsj.com/public/article/SB115689298168048904-5wWyrSwyn6RfVfz9NwLk774VUWc_20070829.html |work=The Wall Street Journal Online |publisher=Dow Jones & Company |date=2006-08-30 |accessdate=2007-11-24 }}</ref> As of 20 December 2007, a YouTube search for "*" returns about 60,500,000 (mostly likely more) videos (the asterisk is a commonly-used wildcard character in search engines, therefore showing all videos).
History
Domain name problem
www.utube.com utube.com], has been frequently overloaded and shut down by extremely high numbers of visitors unsure about the spelling of YouTube's domain name.<ref> Christian Zappone. "Help! YouTube is killing my business!: An Ohio company's sales get 'killed' as YouTube surfers cripple utube.com, a pipe equipment seller's web site." CNNMoney.com, October 12 2006; retrieved November 17, 2006.</ref> At the beginning of November 2006, Universal Tube filed suit in federal court against YouTube,<ref>Rhys Blakely. "Utube sues YouTube" Times Online, November 02, 2006; retrieved November 17, 2006.</ref> requesting that the youtube.com domain be transferred to them.<ref>"Utube.com v. YouTube.com: Ohio pipe firm says confused web surfers are hurting its business" The Smoking Gun, November 2, 2006; retrieved November 17, 2006.</ref>//www.utube.com utube.com], has been frequently overloaded and shut down by extremely high numbers of visitors unsure about the spelling of YouTube's domain name.<ref> Christian Zappone. "Help! YouTube is killing my business!: An Ohio company's sales get 'killed' as YouTube surfers cripple utube.com, a pipe equipment seller's web site." CNNMoney.com, October 12 2006; retrieved November 17, 2006.</ref> At the beginning of November 2006, Universal Tube filed suit in federal court against YouTube,<ref>Rhys Blakely. "Utube sues YouTube" Times Online, November 02, 2006; retrieved November 17, 2006.</ref> requesting that the youtube.com domain be transferred to them.<ref>"Utube.com v. YouTube.com: Ohio pipe firm says confused web surfers are hurting its business" The Smoking Gun, November 2, 2006; retrieved November 17, 2006.</ref>
Recent events
Political campaigning
Political candidates for the 2008 U.S. Presidential election have been using YouTube as an outlet for advertising their candidacies. Voters can view candidate statements and make videos supporting (or opposing) presidential candidates (e.g., videos for Ron Paul, Hillary Clinton, Barack Obama, and Joe Biden).<ref> Tamara Lytle
. " Web spurs revolution in race for president " , Orlando Sentinel , 2007-04-15 www.orlandosentinel.com/news/orl-webpolitics1507apr15,0,3489492.story?coll=orl-news-headlines//www.orlandosentinel.com/news/orl-webpolitics1507apr15,0,3489492.story?coll=orl-news-headlines . Retrieved on 2007-04-28 . </ref>
<ref> Jose Antonio Vargas
. " 'Ron Paul, who?' no longer applies
GOP hopeful big hit in YouTube videos
" , San Francisco Chronicle , 2007-06-17 www.orlandosentinel.com/news/orl-webpolitics1507apr15,0,3489492.story?coll=orl-news-headlines//www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2007/06/17/MNGD0QGTLD1.DTL . Retrieved on 2007-06-23 . </ref> Third Party presidential candidates have also made extensive use of YouTube. Libertarian Steve Kubby's campaign debuted a short animated film, featuring the faces and voices of campaign contributors who financed its production, on YouTube on September 29th, 2007.<ref> Kubby for President . " Steve Kubby for President 2008 " , YouTube , 2007-09-29 www.orlandosentinel.com/news/orl-webpolitics1507apr15,0,3489492.story?coll=orl-news-headlines//www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z-PWwN0tvW8 . Retrieved on 2007-09-29 . </ref> The U.S. media has often commented that YouTube played a significant role in the 2006 defeat of Republican Senator George Allen due to a video clip of him making allegedly racist remarks that was continuously replayed by YouTube viewers during the campaign.<ref> Andrew Kantor . " We would be well served to delete others' missteps in Web's archive " , USA Today , 2006-11-16 www.orlandosentinel.com/news/orl-webpolitics1507apr15,0,3489492.story?coll=orl-news-headlines//www.usatoday.com/tech/columnist/andrewkantor/2006-11-16-missteps-online_x.htm . Retrieved on 2007-04-28 . </ref>
<ref> Carrie Budoff
. " Senators Fear Having A "Macaca" Moment: Smallest Slip-Ups Can Tank A Campaign, Thanks To YouTube " , CBS News , 2007-02-02 www.orlandosentinel.com/news/orl-webpolitics1507apr15,0,3489492.story?coll=orl-news-headlines//www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/02/politics/main2425882.shtml . Retrieved on 2007-04-28 . </ref>
<ref> Andrew Sullivan
. " Video power: the potent new political force " , The Sunday Times , 2007-02-04 www.orlandosentinel.com/news/orl-webpolitics1507apr15,0,3489492.story?coll=orl-news-headlines//www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/andrew_sullivan/article1321781.ece . Retrieved on 2007-04-28 . "Without a hostile videocam and the blogosphere, Allen would have cruised on to victory. But the damning video found its way to YouTube, and then it was carried by the TV networks, and before long Allen’s attempt at re-election hit a brick wall."</ref>
<ref> Frank Rich
. " 2006: The Year of the 'Macaca' " , The New York Times , 2006-11-12 . </ref>
<ref>Modèle:Cite video "Allen used a word that some European countries consider a racial slur against an Indian-American volunteer for his Democratic opponent Jim Webb. And the web cam posted it on the popular web site YouTube.com, where it's been seen more than 100,000 times."</ref> Political commentators such as James Kotecki have also joined the YouTube world of politics. Many commentators make videos on YouTube critiquing a presidential candidate's YouTube videos, or simply using YouTube as a medium to get their opinions heard. Recently, French and Italian politicians, such as Antonio Di Pietro, have also been using the site as part of their campaigns. YouTube has also been used by Australian Prime Minister John Howard in the lead up to the 2007 federal election.
CNN-YouTube Presidential Debates
In the run up to the 2008 Presidential elections, CNN aired a debate in which candidates fielded questions selected from a pool submitted by users of YouTube. Because of the use of technology to aggregate questions from a wide range of constituents, the forum has been referred to as "most democratic Presidential Debate ever"<ref>You must specify title = and url = when using {{cite web}}.
O'Brien , Luke
(2007-06-14 www.orlandosentinel.com/news/orl-webpolitics1507apr15,0,3489492.story?coll=orl-news-headlines//blog.wired.com/27bstroke6/2007/06/youtube_and_cnn.html) . . Wired Magazine
. Retrieved on 2007-08-01. </ref>. The debates have been let others have their voices heard as people got ask questions to the presidental candidates.
Copyright infringement and controversial material
Copyright
YouTube policy does not give permission for anyone to upload content not permitted by United States copyright law,the organisation frequently removing upon request a vast quantity of infringing content.
Despite this, a large amount of potentially infringing content continues to be uploaded (e.g., television shows/clips, film clips, commercials, music videos, music concerts, M.U.G.E.N, emulator hacks, or games republished onto another system such as PSP). Despite a decison in October 2007, to allow media companies to block their copyrighted video content that was loaded onto YouTube without seeking any prior permission.<ref>{{cite news in.news.yahoo.com/071016/139/6lzxa.html//in.news.yahoo.com/071016/139/6lzxa.html | title = YouTube allows media companies to block copyrighted content | accessdate=2007-10-16}}</ref>, You Tube does not 'pre-screen' videos uploaded to it's site (This is partly due to such pre-screening creating additional liabilities in respect of infringing material[citation needed])
Until 2007, Generally speaking, unless a copyright holder reported violation or infringment, YouTube discovered such content via indications within the YouTube community through self-policing. For a brief time, individual members could also report on one another. The flagging feature, intended as a means of reporting questionable content, has been subject to considerable abuse; for a time, some users were flagging other users' original content for copyright violations out of spite. YouTube proceeded to remove copyright infringement from the list of flaggable offenses.
Since 2007, changes to the interface mean that only rights holders are able to directly report copyright violations, even if they are obvious to casual viewers.
YouTube generally identifies video content through search terms that uploaders associate with clips. Some deceptive users create alternative search terms when uploading specific file types (similar to the deliberate misspelling of band names on MP3 filesharing networks).
Hollywood remains divided on YouTube, as "'the marketing guys love YouTube and the legal guys hate it.'"<ref name="sitefright">
Jones , Ben
; Leamonth, Michael
www.variety.com/article/VR1117960880.html?categoryid=13&cs=1//www.variety.com/article/VR1117960880.html?categoryid=13&cs=1 .
"
Showbiz's site fright/Web seen as both a threat and a gold mine
" , Variety
, 2007-03-10
. Retrieved on 2007-03-12
. (English)
</ref> Further,
Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks.
Content owners are not just targeting YouTube for copyright infringements, but are also targeting third party websites that link to infringing content on YouTube and other video-sharing sites. For example QuickSilverScreen vs. Fox<ref>
Guy , IPTV
.
"
TV Show Directory QuickSilverScreen.com Threatened by Fox
in.news.yahoo.com/071016/139/6lzxa.html//www.webtvwire.com/tv-show-directory-quicksilverscreencom-threatened-by-fox/
" , Web TV Wire , 2006-07-12
. Retrieved on 2006-10-12
. </ref> Daily Episodes vs. Fox<ref>
Thor , Lord
.
"
DailyEpisodes closed down by Fox, for LINKING to TV show episodes!
in.news.yahoo.com/071016/139/6lzxa.html//digg.com/tech_news/DailyEpisodes_closed_down_by_Fox_for_LINKING_to_TV_show_episodes
" , Digg.com , 2006-10-02
. Retrieved on 2006-12-10
. </ref> and Columbia vs. Slashfilm.<ref> Sciretta
www.variety.com/article/VR1117960880.html?categoryid=13&cs=1//www.slashfilm.com/article.php/20060726145607684 , Peter
.
"
Columnia Pictures tells /Film to remove website link
" , SlashFilm
, 2006-07-26
. Retrieved on 2006-10-12
. </ref> The liability of linking remains a grey area with cases for and against. The law in the U.S. currently leans towards website owners being liable for infringing links<ref>{{cite news
www.variety.com/article/VR1117960880.html?categoryid=13&cs=1//www.webtvwire.com/linking-to-infringing-content-is-probably-illegal-in-the-us/
|title = Linking to infringing TV Shows is probably illegal in the US
|publisher = WebTVWire
|date = 2006-09-26
|accessdate = 2006-10-12
}}</ref> although they are often protected by the DMCA providing they take down infringing content when issued with a take down notice. However, a recent court ruling in the U.S. found Google not liable for linking to infringing content (Perfect 10 v. Google, Inc.).
Examples of infringement complaints
On October 5, 2006, the Japanese Society for Rights of Authors, Composers and Publishers (JASRAC) finalized their copyright complaints regarding Japanese media on YouTube. Thousands of media from popular Japanese artists (such as Tokyo Jihen and other music including Jpop) were removed.
When CBS and Universal Music Group signed agreements to provide content on YouTube, they announced a new technology to help them find and remove copyrighted material.<ref>
Lombardi
www.variety.com/article/VR1117960880.html?categoryid=13&cs=1//www.news.com/YouTube-cuts-three-content-deals/2100-1030_3-6123914.html , Candace
.
"
YouTube cuts three content deals
" , Cnet-News.com
, 2007-12-02
. Retrieved on 2007-12-02
. (English)
</ref>
TV journalist Robert Tur filed the first lawsuit against the company in the summer of 2006, alleging copyright infringement for hosting a number of famous news clips without permission. The case has yet to be resolved.<ref>
Jones
www.variety.com/article/VR1117960880.html?categoryid=13&cs=1//www.informationweek.com/industries/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=190600029 , K.C.
.
"
Journalist Sues YouTube For Copyright Infringement
" , InformationWeek.com
, 2006-07-18
. Retrieved on 2006-07-28
. (English)
</ref>
<ref>
Montgomery
www.variety.com/article/VR1117960880.html?categoryid=13&cs=1//www.mtv.com/news/articles/1536695/20060719/index.jhtml?headlines=true , James
.
"
YouTube Slapped With First Copyright Lawsuit For Video Posted Without Permission
" , MTV.com
, 2006-07-19
. Retrieved on 2006-07-28
. (English)
</ref>
scripting.wordpress.com/2006/10/12/scripting-news-for-10122006/ |accessdate = 2007-01-29 }}</ref>//scripting.wordpress.com/2006/10/12/scripting-news-for-10122006/ |accessdate = 2007-01-29 }}</ref>
Viacom and the British Broadcasting Corporation both demanded YouTube to take down more than 200,000 videos.<ref>
Sandoval , Greg
.
"
Does YouTube have a control problem?
www.variety.com/article/VR1117960880.html?categoryid=13&cs=1//news.com.com/Does+YouTube+have+a+control+problem/2100-1030_3-6156025.html
" , cnet , 2007-02-02
. Retrieved on 2007-02-04
.
</ref>
Viacom announced it was suing YouTube, and its owner Google, for more than $1 billion in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. Viacom claims that YouTube posted over 160,000 of their videos on the website without their permission.<ref>
Reuters
.
"
Viacom in $1 bln copyright suit vs Google, YouTube
www.variety.com/article/VR1117960880.html?categoryid=13&cs=1//today.reuters.com/news/articlenews.aspx?type=internetNews&storyid=2007-03-13T134200Z_01_WEN5351_RTRUKOC_0_US-VIACOM-YOUTUBE.xml&src=rss&rpc=22
" , Reuters , 2007-03-13
. Retrieved on 2007-03-13
. </ref><ref>
BBC News
.
"
Viacom will sue YouTube for $1bn
www.variety.com/article/VR1117960880.html?categoryid=13&cs=1//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6446193.stm
" , BBC , 2007-03-13
. Retrieved on 2007-03-13
.
</ref>
In 2007 a 15-year-old Australian boy managed to get YouTube to delete over 200 YouTube videos belonging to the Australian Broadcasting Corporation using a fake DMCA take down notice. When the fake DMCA notice arrived, the ABC already had in place a long-standing deal with YouTube to freely share its videos. In his hand-written letter, the boy claimed that he was acting on behalf of the "Australian BroddcastingModèle:Sic CorperationModèle:Sic", giving his own Hotmail address as his business contact and demanded that hundreds of videos from ABC's The Chaser's War on Everything television program be deleted from YouTube's servers. Despite the boy not having any affiliation with the ABC and the spelling errors on his hand-written form, YouTube did delete all of the videos at the boy's request and replaced each with a message stating "This video is no longer available due to a copyright claim by Australian Broadcasting Corporation".<ref> {{cite news www.smh.com.au/news/technology/boy-dupes-youtube-to-delete-videos/2007/04/13/1175971361981.html//www.smh.com.au/news/technology/boy-dupes-youtube-to-delete-videos/2007/04/13/1175971361981.html |title=Boy dupes YouTube to delete videos |author=Jensen, Erik |publisher=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=2007-04-14}}</ref>
Use of acoustic fingerprints
On October 12 2006, YouTube announced that because of recent agreements with high-profile content creators, they are now required to use antipiracy software, which uses an audio-signature technology that can detect a low-quality copy of licensed video. YouTube would have to substitute an approved version of any clip or remove the material immediately. Industry analysts speculated that removal of content with such a system might reduce overall user satisfaction.<ref name=MSNBC_APSCHY1>
Veiga , Alex
.
"
Anti-piracy system could hurt YouTube
www.variety.com/article/VR1117960880.html?categoryid=13&cs=1//www.msnbc.msn.com/id/15240348/
" , Associated Press , 2006-10-12
. Retrieved on 2006-10-13
.
</ref><ref name=MSNBC_APSCHY1>
Veiga , Alex
.
"
Anti-piracy system could hurt YouTube
www.variety.com/article/VR1117960880.html?categoryid=13&cs=1//www.msnbc.msn.com/id/15240348/
" , Associated Press , 2006-10-12
. Retrieved on 2006-10-13
.
</ref>
On April 16, 2007, Google's CEO Eric E. Schmidt presented a keynote speech at the NAB Convention in Las Vegas. During the Q&A session, Schmidt announced that YouTube was close to enacting a content filtering system to remove infringing content from the service. The new system, called "Claim Your Content", will automatically identify copyrighted material for removal.<ref name=[paidcontent.org>
Ali , Rafat
.
"
NAB: GoogleTube Close To Its “Claim Your Content” Filtering System
www.variety.com/article/VR1117960880.html?categoryid=13&cs=1//www.paidcontent.org/entry/419-nab-googletube-close-to-its-claim-your-content-filtering-system/
" , paidcontent.org , 2007-04-16
. Retrieved on 2007-04-17
.
</ref>
www.informationweek.com/news/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=199903572</ref>www.reuters.com/article/technologyNews/idUSL2751050320070827</ref>//money.cnn.com/2007/06/12/technology/youtube_id.reut/index.htm</ref>//www.informationweek.com/news/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=199903572</ref>www.reuters.com/article/technologyNews/idUSL2751050320070827</ref>//money.cnn.com/2007/06/12/technology/youtube_id.reut/index.htm</ref>
Violence
Anthony Anderson
blogs.usatoday.com/ondeadline/2007/09/man-urinates-on.html Man urinates on dying woman, declaring it 'YouTube material'] </ref>//blogs.usatoday.com/ondeadline/2007/09/man-urinates-on.html Man urinates on dying woman, declaring it 'YouTube material'] </ref>
Finland School Shootings
edition.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/europe/11/07/school.shooting/index.html</ref>.//edition.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/europe/11/07/school.shooting/index.html</ref>.
Corruption
Criminal charges in Honduras
www.laprensa.hn/ediciones/2007/11/08/casi_300_mil_visitas_a_las_grabaciones</ref>. After Zelaya made a complaint to the police they launched an investigation to find who had made the recordings, which are considered espionage and a violation of Honduras' privacy laws, that included searching the mansion of the CEO of Hondutel, Marcelo Chimirri<ref>Policía catea vivienda de Chimirri</ref>, an action condemned by Zelaya<ref>Zelaya condena acción policial en allanamiento de casa de Chimirri</ref>. On November 14 Chimirri appeared in court and was charged with various crimes related to the appearance of these clips on YouTubewww.reuters.com/article/technologyNews/idUSL2751050320070827</ref>//www.laprensa.hn/ediciones/2007/11/14/aparece_marcelo_chimirri</ref>.//www.laprensa.hn/ediciones/2007/11/08/casi_300_mil_visitas_a_las_grabaciones</ref>. After Zelaya made a complaint to the police they launched an investigation to find who had made the recordings, which are considered espionage and a violation of Honduras' privacy laws, that included searching the mansion of the CEO of Hondutel, Marcelo Chimirri<ref>Policía catea vivienda de Chimirri</ref>, an action condemned by Zelaya<ref>Zelaya condena acción policial en allanamiento de casa de Chimirri</ref>. On November 14 Chimirri appeared in court and was charged with various crimes related to the appearance of these clips on YouTubewww.reuters.com/article/technologyNews/idUSL2751050320070827</ref>//www.laprensa.hn/ediciones/2007/11/14/aparece_marcelo_chimirri</ref>.
Animal abuse
technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/tech_and_web/the_web/article2284380.ece "Animal cruelty films on YouTube"] August 19, 2007, retrieved August 25, 2007.</ref> <ref> Practical Fishkeeping, "Uproar at fish cruelty on YouTube" May 17, 2007, retrieved August 25, 2007.</ref>//technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/tech_and_web/the_web/article2284380.ece "Animal cruelty films on YouTube"] August 19, 2007, retrieved August 25, 2007.</ref> <ref> Practical Fishkeeping, "Uproar at fish cruelty on YouTube" May 17, 2007, retrieved August 25, 2007.</ref>
White House National Drug Control involvement
www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/news/press06/091906.html White House Anti-Drug Office Begins Posting Videos on YouTube.] Press Release, Office of National Drug Control Policy, September 19 2006</ref> In response, many YouTube users began uploading rebuttals and low rating the public service announcements. Consequently, since mid-September, the ONDCP has removed the ability to evaluate any of their messages.[citation needed]//www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/news/press06/091906.html White House Anti-Drug Office Begins Posting Videos on YouTube.] Press Release, Office of National Drug Control Policy, September 19 2006</ref> In response, many YouTube users began uploading rebuttals and low rating the public service announcements. Consequently, since mid-September, the ONDCP has removed the ability to evaluate any of their messages.[citation needed]
New York Times reports anti-U.S. attack videos
On October 5, 2006, The New York Times reported on the proliferation of what they considered to be anti-U.S. Iraqi insurgent attack videos on YouTube.<ref name="NYT1">{{cite news
www.variety.com/article/VR1117960880.html?categoryid=13&cs=1//www.nytimes.com/2006/10/06/technology/06tube.html |title = Anti-U.S. Attack Videos Spread on Web |publisher = New York Times |date = October 5, 2006
}}</ref>
Neo Nazis on YouTube
On December 18 2007, CNN reported about the prevalence of Neo-Nazi Propaganda and Holocaust Denial videos on YouTube.<ref name="CNN">{{cite news
www.variety.com/article/VR1117960880.html?categoryid=13&cs=1//www.cnn.com/video/#/video/world/2007/12/17/pleitgen.neo.nazis.on.you.tube.cnn |title = Neo Nazis on YouTube |publisher = CNN |date = December 18, 2007
www.spiegel.de/netzwelt/web/0,1518,502093,00.html</ref>www.reuters.com/article/technologyNews/idUSL2751050320070827</ref>//www.theregister.co.uk/2007/08/28/google_germany_neo_nazi/</ref>//www.spiegel.de/netzwelt/web/0,1518,502093,00.html</ref>www.reuters.com/article/technologyNews/idUSL2751050320070827</ref>//www.theregister.co.uk/2007/08/28/google_germany_neo_nazi/</ref> www.reuters.com/article/technologyNews/idUSL2751050320070827</ref>//www.reuters.com/article/technologyNews/idUSL2751050320070827</ref> www.reuters.com/article/technologyNews/idUSL2751050320070827</ref>//www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/898004.html</ref> Some of the flagged videos have been online for over a year. CNN contacted Google specifically about a 6 part video series of Holocaust Denial videos, which Google promised to "block immediately", but ten days later (and as of December 24th, 2007) are still available.www.reuters.com/article/technologyNews/idUSL2751050320070827</ref>//www.cnn.com/video/#/video/world/2007/12/17/pleitgen.neo.nazis.on.you.tube.cnn</ref>www.reuters.com/article/technologyNews/idUSL2751050320070827</ref>//www.youtube.com/watch?v=OKg7ACjcS84</ref>.
Banning
YouTube has been blocked in several countries since its inception, including Morocco, Thailand (ban now lifted) and Iran. Certain video pages have been banned as of October 1, 2007 in Turkey and United Arab Emirates.
Schools have begun to block access to YouTube as some students have uploaded videos of bullying behavior, school fights and racist behavior as well as increased bandwidth usage.<ref>{{cite news www.smh.com.au/news/technology/boy-dupes-youtube-to-delete-videos/2007/04/13/1175971361981.html//www.australianit.news.com.au/story/0,24897,21330109-15306,00.html |title=States still hold out on YouTube |date=2007-03-06 |author=AustralianIT |accessdate2007-10-11}}</ref>
Spamming
With recent improvements to e-mail spam filtering technology and their wider use, spammers have begun using YouTube as way to advertise: popular videos frequently have comments with links to irrelevant (and more often than not, pornographic) external sites, usually with some enticing statements (such as "Great video, go to <site> for the full version"). They may also send messages to a user's inbox (essentially in the form of a plain-text spam email). The users who send the spam comments generally use automatically generated user names, making it difficult to block them.[citation needed]. Some of these spam accounts also posted pornographic videos on YouTube.
A slightly newer feature of YouTube is the ability to send invites to people through email by using the "Invite Your Friends" feature. Originally, this feature was indeed a useful feature to build a bigger community using YouTube. When spammers became aware of this, they decided to give it a try and found every email address possible to send random email invites. More so, they've now been able to cheat the system even more."The messages came from service@youtube.com." "The messages look like a legitimate YouTube invite, except they include typical spam content like stock pump-and-dump promotions and links to spam Web sites. Many of them use Microsoft's recent XBox 360 hit "Halo 3" as bait, telling the recipient they have won a free copy of the game and to go to a Web site. If they take the bait and click on "winhalo3.com," the Web site infects them with the Storm worm, which has been hanging around since August." www.internetnews.com/security/article.php/3704541 YouTube's Not-so-'Friendly' Spam])//www.internetnews.com/security/article.php/3704541 YouTube's Not-so-'Friendly' Spam]) Spammers have used this route more often nowadays because they can use it to defeat spam filters, gain more readers and possibly customers. "They just do as all spammers do..."[modifier]Terms of service
- See also: censorship by YouTube
youtube.com/t/terms YouTube Terms of Use], accessed 5 May 2007</ref> users may upload videos only with permission of the copyright holder and of the depicted persons. Pornography, defamation, harassment, commercial advertisements and material that encourages criminal conduct is prohibited. The uploader grants YouTube a license to distribute and modify the uploaded material for any purpose; this license terminates when the uploader deletes the material from the site. Users may view videos on the site as long as they agree to the terms of service; downloading through one's own means or copying of the videos is not permitted. There is now a download option where one can download the videos through YouTube.//youtube.com/t/terms YouTube Terms of Use], accessed 5 May 2007</ref> users may upload videos only with permission of the copyright holder and of the depicted persons. Pornography, defamation, harassment, commercial advertisements and material that encourages criminal conduct is prohibited. The uploader grants YouTube a license to distribute and modify the uploaded material for any purpose; this license terminates when the uploader deletes the material from the site. Users may view videos on the site as long as they agree to the terms of service; downloading through one's own means or copying of the videos is not permitted. There is now a download option where one can download the videos through YouTube.
[modifier]Internationalization
Image:YouTube localization.pngCountries for which YouTube is localized.On June 19, 2007, Eric E. Schmidt was in Paris to launch the new localization system. The entire interface of the website is now available with localized versions in numerous countries:
Country URL Languages Launch date Modèle:AUS au.youtube.com///au.youtube.com/
Australian English mashable.com/2007/10/22/youtube-australia-new-zealand/ YouTube Launches in Australia & New Zealand]</ref>//mashable.com/2007/10/22/youtube-australia-new-zealand/ YouTube Launches in Australia & New Zealand]</ref>
Modèle:BRA au.youtube.com///br.youtube.com/
Brazilian Portuguese Modèle:Dts<ref name="local"/> Image:Flag of Canada.svg Canada au.youtube.com///ca.youtube.com/
Canadian English mashable.com/2007/11/06/youtube-canada/ YouTube Canada Now Live]</ref>//mashable.com/2007/11/06/youtube-canada/ YouTube Canada Now Live]</ref>
Image:Flag of France.svg France au.youtube.com///fr.youtube.com/
French www.pcadvisor.co.uk/news/index.cfm?NewsID=9772</ref>//www.pcadvisor.co.uk/news/index.cfm?NewsID=9772</ref>
Modèle:GER au.youtube.com///de.youtube.com/
German mashable.com/2007/11/08/youtube-germany/ YouTube Germany Launches]</ref>//mashable.com/2007/11/08/youtube-germany/ YouTube Germany Launches]</ref>
Modèle:HKG au.youtube.com///hk.youtube.com/
Traditional Chinese Modèle:Dtswww.reuters.com/article/technologyNews/idUSL2751050320070827</ref>//chita.us/community/viewtopic.php?f=9&t=1294</ref> Modèle:IRL au.youtube.com///ie.youtube.com/
Irish English Modèle:Dts<ref name="local"/> Modèle:ITA au.youtube.com///it.youtube.com/
Italian Modèle:Dts<ref name="local"/> Image:Flag of Japan.svg Japon au.youtube.com///jp.youtube.com/
Japanese Modèle:Dts<ref name="local"/> Modèle:MEX au.youtube.com///mx.youtube.com/
Mexican Spanish Modèle:Dts Modèle:NLD au.youtube.com///nl.youtube.com/
Dutch Modèle:Dts<ref name="local"/> Modèle:NZL au.youtube.com///nz.youtube.com/
New Zealand English Modèle:Dts<ref name="AUS-NZ"/> Modèle:POL au.youtube.com///pl.youtube.com/
Polish Modèle:Dts<ref name="local"/> Modèle:RUS au.youtube.com///ru.youtube.com/
Russian Modèle:Dts Modèle:ESP au.youtube.com///es.youtube.com/
Spanish Modèle:Dts<ref name="local"/> Modèle:ROC-TW au.youtube.com///tw.youtube.com/
Traditional Chinese Modèle:Dtswww.reuters.com/article/technologyNews/idUSL2751050320070827</ref>//chita.us/community/viewtopic.php?f=9&t=1294</ref> Modèle:UK au.youtube.com///uk.youtube.com/
British English Modèle:Dts<ref name="local"/> Modèle:Flag (Modèle:Flag) au.youtube.com///www.youtube.com/
American English Modèle:Dts Google aims to compete with local videosharing websites like DailyMotion in France. It also made an agreement with local television stations like M6 and France Télévisions to legally broadcast video content.
pshweb01.881903.com/apps/news/html/news/20071017/2007101715593573500.htm 881903.com Commercial Radio]</ref><ref>CableTV</ref>//pshweb01.881903.com/apps/news/html/news/20071017/2007101715593573500.htm 881903.com Commercial Radio]</ref><ref>CableTV</ref>
On October 22, 2007 YouTube New Zealand had its launch party, stating that its aim was to help create YouTube celebrities within New Zealand. This was quickly evident with the rise of such New Zealand YouTube shows as Three Best Friends That Live Together.
udn.com/NEWS/INFOTECH/INFS1/4061683.shtml Reference]</ref>//udn.com/NEWS/INFOTECH/INFS1/4061683.shtml Reference]</ref>
[modifier]Technical notes
Image:YouTube Upload Screen.jpgUpload page[modifier]Video format
saqoosha.net/2007/01/30/423/| title=Saqoosha’s blog| date=2007-10-26| accessdate=2007-11-19| quote=960×720 2.5Mbps 640×480 2Mbps 450×338 1Mbps 1280×720 2.5Mbps}} (Japanese and English) (test videos uploaded in January 2007 playback at higher bitrates)</ref>//saqoosha.net/2007/01/30/423/| title=Saqoosha’s blog| date=2007-10-26| accessdate=2007-11-19| quote=960×720 2.5Mbps 640×480 2Mbps 450×338 1Mbps 1280×720 2.5Mbps}} (Japanese and English) (test videos uploaded in January 2007 playback at higher bitrates)</ref>
www.adobe.com/products/player_census/flashplayer/version_penetration.html Adobe Flash Player Version Penetration] Adobe</ref> The video can also be played back with third-party media players such as GOM Player, gnash, VLC as well as some ffmpeg-based video players.//www.adobe.com/products/player_census/flashplayer/version_penetration.html Adobe Flash Player Version Penetration] Adobe</ref> The video can also be played back with third-party media players such as GOM Player, gnash, VLC as well as some ffmpeg-based video players.
YouTube converts videos into .FLV (Adobe Flash Video) format after uploading.www.reuters.com/article/technologyNews/idUSL2751050320070827</ref>//www.codinghorror.com/blog/archives/000755.html</ref> The extension is then stripped from the file (Extension can be found again with TrID[citation needed] or from the server's MIME Type). The different files are stored in obscurely named subdomains, accessible either directly or through YouTube's get_video PHP script. YouTube also converts content to other formats so that it can be viewed outside of the website. See below.
www.google.com/support/youtube/bin/answer.py?answer=55744&topic=10526 In which formats YouTube officially accepts uploaded videos]</ref>//www.google.com/support/youtube/bin/answer.py?answer=55744&topic=10526 In which formats YouTube officially accepts uploaded videos]</ref>
Users can view videos in windowed mode or full screen mode and it is possible to switch modes during playback without reloading it due to the full-screen function of Adobe Flash Player 9.
[modifier]Audio format
ffmpeg.mplayerhq.hu/ ffmpeg] for Linux, ffmpegX for Macintosh or the commercial Riva FLV Encoder for Windows.//ffmpeg.mplayerhq.hu/ ffmpeg] for Linux, ffmpegX for Macintosh or the commercial Riva FLV Encoder for Windows.
[modifier]Content accessibility
[modifier]On YouTube
As noted above, YouTube accepts common file formats and converts them to the H.263 variant of Flash Video, and makes them available for online viewing. Beginning in June 2007, newly uploaded videos will also be encoded using the H.264 video standard to enable streaming of YouTube videos on the Apple TV and the iPhone.
[modifier]On Apple TV
Apple Inc. announced on 20 June 2007 that YouTube is accessible on the Apple TV after installation of a free software update. Functionality includes browsing by category, searching videos, and the ability for members to log onto their YouTube accounts directly on Apple TV. Access to thousands of the most current and popular YouTube videos will be available, with plans to add thousands more videos each week. The entire catalog is targeted to be available in fall 2007. According to Apple VP David Moody, the reason for the delay is the need for all current YouTube content to be transcoded to Apple's preferred video standard, H.264. All content uploaded in and after June, however, will be automatically encoded into H.264, rendering additional transcoding unnecessary for these newer files.
[modifier]On mobile
YouTube launched its mobile site, YouTube Mobile on 15 June 2007. It is based on xHTML and uses 3GP videos with H263/AMR codec and RTSP streaming.
[modifier]On TV
YouTube TV Channel will on Information TV 2 on January 7, 2008. The channel will air video sharing content from the YouTube website.
[modifier]On iPhone and iPod touch
Apple announced Wednesday, 20 June 2007 that YouTube would be available on iPhone at launch. Streaming is over WiFi or EDGE.
Videos on YouTube for the iPhone are encoded in Apple's preferred H.264 format. All videos are viewed in the horizontal orientation of the phone. As YouTube videos have 4:3 aspect ratio and the iPhone is 3:2, videos must be viewed with black bars on the side (pillarboxed) or may be zoomed to trim some of the top and bottom to fill the screen.
Not all videos are available on iPhone yet because not every video has been reencoded to H.264. There are two versions of each video on YouTube, one is higher bandwidth for WiFi use, and one is lower resolution for EDGE use.
Unlike the Apple TV version, users cannot log in to their own YouTube accounts, but can create a separate favorites list just for the iPhone.
[modifier]Outside YouTube
Each video is accompanied by the full HTML markup for linking to it and/or embedding it within another page, unless the submitter of a video chooses to disable the embedding feature. A small addition to the embeddable markup will allow the video to play automatically when the webpage loads. These simple cut-and-paste options are especially popular with users of social-networking sites. Poor experiences, however, have been cited by users of such sites,www.reuters.com/article/technologyNews/idUSL2751050320070827</ref>//news.livejournal.com/92728.html</ref> where autoplaying embedded YouTube videos has been reported to slow down page loading time or even to crash internet browsers.
The YouTube Player is the name of another embeddable applet (with a different interface), designed for browsing YouTube videos on an iGoogle homepage.
YouTube itself does not make it easy to download and save videos for offline viewing or editing nor for viewing in external players, but several third-party web sites, applications, browser extensions (such as Firefox extensions) exist for that purpose. Alternatively, most .flv files can be copied from the 'Temporary Internet Files' folder in Windows, or the /tmp directory in GNU systems, to a permanent folder. The .flv files can then be viewed and edited directly or converted to other formats using various applications.
[modifier]YouTube Remixer
www.youtube.com/ytremixer_about YouTube Remixer]. The tool allows users to edit their YouTube videos online, although the editing tools are very limited.//www.youtube.com/ytremixer_about YouTube Remixer]. The tool allows users to edit their YouTube videos online, although the editing tools are very limited.
[modifier]Channel Type
Members of YouTube.com are offered to be a part of groups called "Channel Types" that make their channel more distinctive. The types are:
- YouTuber, a general viewer of YouTube.
- Director, movie makers displaying their videos for YouTube viewers.
- Musician, musicians or bands covering songs or displaying originals or giving lessons on songs, scales, chords, etc.
- Comedian, comedians displaying their comedy bits for YouTube viewers.
- Guru, people who are experienced in a certain field make videos of what they do.
[modifier]Social impact
[modifier]Internet celebrities and breaking boundaries
www.telegram.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060611/NEWS/606110552/1011/FEATURES }}</ref> The most subscribed YouTube member, as of October 18, 2007, is Smosh.<ref>Modèle:Cite web//www.telegram.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060611/NEWS/606110552/1011/FEATURES</ref> The most subscribed YouTube member, as of October 18, 2007, is Smosh.<ref>{{cite web
www.youtube.com/members?s=ms&t=a&g=0//www.youtube.com/members?s=ms&t=a&g=0 |title = Most Subscribed (All Time) |publisher = YouTube |date = 2007-06-02}}</ref> For some users, Internet fame has led to unexpected results and, in some cases, crossovers into traditional media or entertainment avenues. Former receptionist Brooke Brodack (Brookers) from Connecticut has been signed by NBC's Carson Daly for an 18-month development contract in June 2006; Brodack was among the first individuals to transition into mainstream media through YouTube.<ref> Martinwww.smh.com.au/news/technology/boy-dupes-youtube-to-delete-videos/2007/04/13/1175971361981.html//www.variety.com/article/VR1117945151.html?categoryid=1009&cs=1 , Denise
. " Daly digs YouTube talent " , Variety , 2006-06-12 . Retrieved on 2007-05-09 . </ref><ref> Collinswww.smh.com.au/news/technology/boy-dupes-youtube-to-delete-videos/2007/04/13/1175971361981.html//msl1.mit.edu/furdlog/docs/latimes/2006-06-19_latimes_youtube_brodack.pdf , Scott . " Now she has their attention " , Los Angeles Times , 2006-07-19 . Retrieved on 2007-03-03 . </ref> Another discovery was the uncovered fictitious blog of lonelygirl15, now known to be the creation of New Zealand actress Jessica Rose and some film directors. In 2007, a Dutch vocalist and songwriter named Esmée Denters (esmeedenters) was signed to a recording contract by Billy Mann based on her YouTube performances.<ref>{{cite news www.youtube.com/members?s=ms&t=a&g=0//www.reuters.com/article/internetNews/idUSN2518918320070226 |title = YouTube stars don't always welcome record deals |publisher = Reuters |date = 2007-02-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
www.youtube.com/members?s=ms&t=a&g=0//uk.reuters.com/article/internetNews/idUKN0831939520070308 |title = Dutch YouTube star scores U.S. music deal |publisher = Reuters |date = 2007-03-08}}</ref> On January 31, 2007, Fox announced that Lisa Donovan (LisaNova) would appear as a cast member during the 12th season of its sketch comedy show MADtv.<ref>{{cite newswww.smh.com.au/news/technology/boy-dupes-youtube-to-delete-videos/2007/04/13/1175971361981.html//tv.zap2it.com/tveditorial/tve_main/1,1002,271%7C104322%7C1%7C,00.html|title='MADtv' Uploads YouTube Star|work=Zap2it TV news|date=2007-01-31|accessdate = 2007-03-03}}</ref> Terra Naomi (terranaomi) has been signed with Island Records, a division of the Universal Music Group, one of the Big Four record labels. Brandon Hardesty (ArtieTSMITW), known for a popular reenactment series among his work, is currently in a GEICO television commercial<ref>{{cite web
www.youtube.com/members?s=ms&t=a&g=0//www.youtube.com/watch?v=-cKP84cb17k |title = Geico - 15 minutes online |publisher = YouTube |date = May 8 2007}}</ref> running nationally in the U.S. and it consists mostly of a segment taken from his Strange Faces and Noises I Can Make III video. Brandon has also been contracted by an agent and was hired for a role in the independent film, Bart Got a Room.<ref>{{cite web
www.youtube.com/members?s=ms&t=a&g=0//www.youtube.com/watch?v=bPx266rGw3E |title = Strange Faces and Noises I Can Make III |publisher = YouTube |date = January 1 2007}}</ref> Ysabella Brave (ysabellabrave and ysabellabravetalk) announced in two videos on June 3 2007, in connection with a Los Angeles Times feature article<ref>{{cite web
www.youtube.com/members?s=ms&t=a&g=0//www.latimes.com/features/printedition/magazine/la-tm-neil22jun03,1,6835647.story?ctrack=1&cset=true |title = Wish on a Star |publisher = Los Angeles Times |date = June 3 2007}}</ref> about her on the same day, that she has been signed by Cordless Recordings, a division of the Warner Music Group, also one of the four major records labels. TheReceptionist announced in a video on July 9 2007 that he will be providing content for Comedy Central's website.<ref>{{cite web
www.youtube.com/members?s=ms&t=a&g=0//youtube.com/watch?v=6-6lDholT0s |title = Dead Tone |publisher = YouTube |date = July 9 2007}}</ref> Daniel Geduld (everyonesvoice) now works in the voice-over business and he credits his discovery to his popular Skeletor remixes, which change an originally serious animation series into comedy.<ref>{{cite web
www.youtube.com/members?s=ms&t=a&g=0//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20070720/ap_on_hi_te/getting_discovered_online_2;_ylt=AiPdhj1E4qqtpLm7P9F4xJ4E1vAI |title = Web video sites mined by talent scouts |publisher = Associated Press |date = July 20 2007}}</ref> SamProof appeared on November 18th, 2007on Adult Swim's Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job!<ref>{{cite web
www.youtube.com/members?s=ms&t=a&g=0//www.imdb.com/title/tt1143763/ |title = "Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job!" Episode 'Vacation' |publisher = IMDB |date = November 18th 2007}}</ref>
[modifier]Band and music promotion
www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/01/AR2006090100012.html| title=Waiting for OK Go: MTV Awards' Existential Moment| date=2006-09-01 | accessdate = 2007-03-03 }}</ref><ref> Chapman , Zachary
. " OK Go wins Grammy for treadmills video " , 2007-02-13 . Retrieved on 2007-03-03 . </ref>//www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/01/AR2006090100012.html| title=Waiting for OK Go: MTV Awards' Existential Moment| date=2006-09-01 | accessdate = 2007-03-03 }}</ref><ref> Chapman , Zachary . " OK Go wins Grammy for treadmills video " , 2007-02-13 . Retrieved on 2007-03-03 . </ref>In the same light, a video broadcasting the Free Hugs Campaign with accompanying music by the Sick Puppies led to instant fame for both the band and the campaign, with more campaigns taking place in different parts of the world. The main character of the video, Juan Mann has also achieved fame, being interviewed on Australian news programs, even appearing on The Oprah Winfrey Show.<ref>Modèle:Cite webwww.smh.com.au/news/technology/boy-dupes-youtube-to-delete-videos/2007/04/13/1175971361981.html//www2.oprah.com/tows/slide/200610/20061030/slide 20061030 284 101.jhtml</ref>
[modifier]Sharing revenue with popular users
youtube.com/blog?entry=4b3PkL8HQcw YouTube Elevates Most Popular Users to Partners], The YouTube Blog May 3, 2007</ref> Participants include Ben Going (boh3m3), Paul Robinett (renetto), Lisa Donovan (LisaNova), Jessica Rose (lonelygirl15), Kevin Nalty (Nalts) Tony Huynh (thewinekone), Brandon Hardesty (ArtieTSMITW), and Yousef Abu-Taleb (Danielbeast), among the 100 partners.<ref>YouTube Partners, as of June 23, 2007</ref>//youtube.com/blog?entry=4b3PkL8HQcw YouTube Elevates Most Popular Users to Partners], The YouTube Blog May 3, 2007</ref> Participants include Ben Going (boh3m3), Paul Robinett (renetto), Lisa Donovan (LisaNova), Jessica Rose (lonelygirl15), Kevin Nalty (Nalts) Tony Huynh (thewinekone), Brandon Hardesty (ArtieTSMITW), and Yousef Abu-Taleb (Danielbeast), among the 100 partners.<ref>YouTube Partners, as of June 23, 2007</ref>
[modifier]YouTube gatherings
www.boston.com/business/technology/articles/2007/08/22/youtube_vloggers_congregate_offline/ "YouTube Vloggers Congregate Offline"] Associated Press, August 22, 2007</ref> One of the earliest of such gatherings, the recurrent and international As One, was first held in January 2007 in Hollywood, California by Cory Williams of smpfilms. The second As One, also hosted by Cory Williams, was held on February 17, 2007 at Pier 39 in San Francisco, California, managed to attract many of YouTube's highest viewed individuals.<ref>Sandoval, Greg "Top YouTube videographers descend on San Francisco" cnet.com, February 17, 2007</ref> Notable attendees included: Caitlin Hill; Ben Going; and Yousef Abu-Taleb, the actor who plays DanielBeast in the YouTube serial lonelygirl15. A third gathering took place on July 7, 2007, at Washington Square Park in New York City. A singing invitation to the event, posted on YouTube by Christine Gambito, YouTube's Happyslip, gained over 2.6 million views.<ref>Wilson, Craig "Saturday's date — 07/07/07 — gives birth to fortune frenzy" USA Today, July 6, 2007</ref> Notable attendees included: Brooke Brodack; Caitlin Hill; Philip DeFranco aka "sxephil"; Charles Trippy; wpgpeanut; and//www.boston.com/business/technology/articles/2007/08/22/youtube_vloggers_congregate_offline/ "YouTube Vloggers Congregate Offline"] Associated Press, August 22, 2007</ref> One of the earliest of such gatherings, the recurrent and international As One, was first held in January 2007 in Hollywood, California by Cory Williams of smpfilms. The second As One, also hosted by Cory Williams, was held on February 17, 2007 at Pier 39 in San Francisco, California, managed to attract many of YouTube's highest viewed individuals.<ref>Sandoval, Greg "Top YouTube videographers descend on San Francisco" cnet.com, February 17, 2007</ref> Notable attendees included: Caitlin Hill; Ben Going; and Yousef Abu-Taleb, the actor who plays DanielBeast in the YouTube serial lonelygirl15. A third gathering took place on July 7, 2007, at Washington Square Park in New York City. A singing invitation to the event, posted on YouTube by Christine Gambito, YouTube's Happyslip, gained over 2.6 million views.<ref>Wilson, Craig "Saturday's date — 07/07/07 — gives birth to fortune frenzy" USA Today, July 6, 2007</ref> Notable attendees included: Brooke Brodack; Caitlin Hill; Philip DeFranco aka "sxephil"; Charles Trippy; wpgpeanut; and Kevin Nalty. Yet another took place in Washington D.C. on September 8, 2007.<ref name="dcgathering"> Rampellwww.smh.com.au/news/technology/boy-dupes-youtube-to-delete-videos/2007/04/13/1175971361981.html//www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/09/09/AR2007090901641.html , Catherine
. " YouTubers Try a Different Forum: Real Life " , Washington Post , 2007-09-10 . Retrieved on 2007-09-14 . </ref>[modifier]The Economy of YouTube
Before being purchased by Google, YouTube declared that its business model was advertisement-based, making 15 million dollars per month. Some industry commentators have speculated that YouTube's running costs — specifically the bandwidth required — may be as high as 5 to 6 million USD per month,www.reuters.com/article/technologyNews/idUSL2751050320070827</ref>//willy.boerland.com/myblog/youtube_bandwidth_usage_25_petabytes_per_month]. Forbes. April 27, 2006.</ref> thereby fueling criticisms that the company, like many Internet startups, did not have a viably implemented business model. Advertisements were launched on the site beginning in March 2006. In April, YouTube started using Google AdSense[citation needed]. YouTube subsequently stopped using AdSense but has resumed in local regions.
Advertising is YouTube's central mechanism for gaining revenue. This issue has also been taken up in scientific analysis. Don Tapscott and Anthony D. Williams argue in their book Wikinomics that YouTube is an example for an economy that is based on mass collaboration and makes use of the Internet. "Whether your business is closer to Boeing or P&G, or more like YouTube or flickr, there are vast pools of external talent that you can tap with the right approach. Companies that adopt these models can drive important changes in their industries and rewrite the rules of competition" <ref> Tapscott, Don and Anthony D. Williams. 2007. Wikinomics: How Mass Collaboration Changes Everything. New York: Penguin. p. 270. </ref> "new business models for open content will not come from traditional media establishments, but from companies such as Google, Yahoo, and YouTube. This new generation of companies is not burned by the legacies that inhibit the publishing incumbents, so they can be much more agile in responding to customer demands. More important, they understand that you don't need to control the quantity and destiny of bits if they can provide compelling venues in which people build communities around sharing and remixing content. Free content is just the lure on which they layer revenue from advertising and premium services".<ref> Tapscott, Don and Anthony D. Williams. 2007. Wikinomics: How Mass Collaboration Changes Everything. New York: Penguin. p 271.</ref>
Tapscott and Williams argue that it is important for new media companies to find ways of how to make profit with the help of peer-produced content. The new Internet economy that they term Wikinomics would be based on the principles of openness, peering, sharing, and acting globally. Companies could make use of these principles in order to gain profit with the help of Web 2.0 applications: “Companies can design and assemble products with their customers, and in some cases customers can do the majority of the value creation”.<ref> Tapscott, Don and Anthony D. Williams. 2007. Wikinomics: How Mass Collaboration Changes Everything. New York: Penguin. pp. 289sq.</ref> Tapscott and Williams argue that the outcome will be an economic democracy.
There are other views in the scientific debate that agree with Tapscott and Williams that value creation is increasingly based on harnessing open source/content, networking, sharing, and peering, but that argue that the result is not an economic democracy, but a subtle form and deepening of exploitation, in which labour costs are reduced by Internet-based global outsourcing.
[modifier]Video rankings
Image:YouTube video info.PNGAn example of rating, honors, and other information on a videoYouTube awards videos with honors, the most popular of which is "most viewed"<ref>Modèle:Cite web in.news.yahoo.com/071016/139/6lzxa.html//www.youtube.com/browse?s=mp</ref> which are divided into four categories: today, this week, this month and all time. Honors include: www.youtube.com/browse?s=mp&t=a&c=0 Most Viewed] topped by Judson Laipply's Evolution of Dance//www.youtube.com/browse?s=mp&t=a&c=0 Most Viewed] topped by Judson Laipply's Evolution of Dance
- Top Rated
- Most Discussed
- Top Favorites
- Most Linked
- Recently Featured
- Most Responded
[modifier]YouTube Video Awards
www.msnbc.msn.com/id/17678334/|publisher= MSNBC / Associated Press| first= Jake |last=Coyle|date=March 19, 2007}}</ref><ref name = "BBCawards"> staff
. " YouTube to present video awards " , BBC News , March 19, 2007 . </ref>//www.msnbc.msn.com/id/17678334/|publisher= MSNBC / Associated Press| first= Jake |last=Coyle|date=March 19, 2007}}</ref><ref name = "BBCawards"> staff . " YouTube to present video awards " , BBC News , March 19, 2007 . </ref>www.youtube.com/ytawards</ref>//www.youtube.com/ytawards</ref>
- Most Creative - Here It Goes Again OK Go
- Best Comedy - Smosh Short 2: Stranded Smosh
- Best Commentary - Hotness Prevails / Worst Video Ever thewinekone
- Best Series - Ask A Ninja digtalfilmmaker
- Best Music Video - Say It's Possible Terra Naomi
- Most Inspirational - Free Hugs Campaign PeaceOnEarth123
- Most Adorable - Kiwi Madyeti47
[modifier]See also
- Alternative media
- Comparison of video services
- List of Internet phenomena
- User-generated content
- Viral video
[modifier]References
<references />www.internetnews.com/security/article.php/3704541>.//www.internetnews.com/security/article.php/3704541>.
[modifier]External links
www.youtube.com/ YouTube.com]//www.youtube.com/ YouTube.com]
[modifier]External Tools
www.youtube.com/ YouTube.com]//www.savetube.com/ SaveTube] www.youtube.com/ YouTube.com]//inera.net/ YouTube Search and Downloader] www.youtube.com/ YouTube.com]//www.youtubecatcher.com/ YouTube Catcher] www.youtube.com/ YouTube.com]//video.qooqle.jp/ Qooqle Labs] www.youtube.com/ YouTube.com]//www.viloader.net/ ViLoader]
Modèle:Google Inc.ar:يوتوب bn:ইউ টিউব zh-min-nan:YouTube bg:YouTube ca:YouTube cs:YouTube cy:YouTube da:YouTube de:YouTube el:YouTube es:YouTube eo:YouTube fa:یوتیوب fr:YouTube gl:YouTube ko:유튜브 hi:यू ट्यूब hr:YouTube id:YouTube is:YouTube it:YouTube he:YouTube ku:YouTube lt:YouTube hu:YouTube ml:യൂട്യൂബ് ms:YouTube nl:YouTube ja:YouTube no:YouTube nn:YouTube nds:YouTube pl:YouTube pt:YouTube ro:YouTube ru:YouTube sq:YouTube simple:YouTube sk:YouTube sl:YouTube sr:YouTube fi:YouTube sv:YouTube tl:YouTube th:ยูทูบ vi:YouTube tr:YouTube yi:יו. טוב zh-yue:YouTube
zh:YouTube
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