Rome

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Rome (Modèle:Lang-it) is the capital city of Italy and of the Lazio region, as well as the country's largest and most populous comune, with more than 2.7 million residents.<ref>http://demo.istat.it December 2006</ref> The metropolitan area has a population of about 4 million. It is located in the central-western portion of the Italian peninsula, where the river Aniene joins the Tiber. The Mayor of Rome is Walter Veltroni.

An enclave of Rome is the State of the Vatican City, the sovereign territory of the Holy See. It is the smallest nation in the world, and the capital of the only religion to have representation in the United Nations (as a non-voting member state).

Rome, Caput mundi ("capital of the world"), la Città Eterna ("the Eternal City"), Limen Apostolorum ("threshold of the Apostles"), la città dei sette colli ("the city of the seven hills") or simply l'Urbe ("the City"),<ref>s.v. "Urbe", De Mauro Paravia.</ref> is thoroughly modern and cosmopolitan. As one of the few major European cities that escaped World War II relatively unscathed, central Rome remains essentially Renaissance and Baroque in character. The Historic Centre of Rome is listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.<ref>http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/91 - Entry about Rome on the official website of the UNESCO World Heritage Centre</ref>

Sommaire

1 Geography and climate
- 1.1 Location
- 1.2 Climate
2 History
3 Architecture, city layout and main sights
4 Government
5 Demography
6 Economy
7 Culture and society
8 Sports
9 Transportation
10 International relations
11 See also
12 Notes
13 References
14 Documentaries
15 External links

-{{voir homonymes|Rome (homonymie)}}
+{{otheruses}}
-{{Commune italienne
+{{Infobox City
-|nom= Rome
+|official_name = Comune di Roma
-|nomItalien= Roma
+|established_title = Founded
-|blason=Coat of arms Rome.JPG
+|established_date = [[21 April]], [[753 BC]]
-|rég=LAZ
+|nickname = "The Eternal City"
-|prov=RM
+|motto = ''"Senatus Populusque Romanus"''&nbsp;([[SPQR]]){{spaces|2}}<small>([[Latin]])</small>
-|istat=058091
+|website = http://www.comune.roma.it
-|cp=00100 (générique), da 00121 a 00199
+|image_flag = Flag of Rome.svg
-|tel=06
+|image_seal = Coat of arms of Rome.png
-|latitudegrade=41
+|image_map = Roma posizione 3.png
-|latitudeminute=54
+|map_caption = Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the [[Province of Rome]] (red) and region of [[Lazio]] (grey)
-|latitudeseconde=0
+|subdivision_type = [[Regions of Italy|Region]]
-|longitudegrade=12
+|subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Italy|Province]]
-|longitudeminute=30
+|subdivision_name = [[Lazio]]
-|longitudeseconde=0
+|subdivision_name1 = [[Province of Rome]]
-|moy=37
+|leader_title = [[Mayor of Rome|Mayor]]
-|km²=1&nbsp;285
+|leader_name = [[Walter Veltroni]]
-|pop=2&nbsp;705&nbsp;603
+|area_magnitude = 1 E8
-|date-pop=31-12-06
+|area_total_sq_mi = 580
-|dens=1&nbsp;285
+|area_total_km2 = 1,285
-|code_cadastre= H501
+|population_footnotes =<ref>http://demo.istat.it/bilmens2006/index.html- [[Istituto Nazionale di Statistica|ISTAT]] demographics</ref>
-|Gentilé= ''Romani'', en français les Romains
+|population_as_of = December 2006
-|Patrons=[[Pierre (apôtre)|Saint Pierre]] et [[Saint Paul]]
+|population_total = 2,705,603
-|Fête_patronale=[[29 juin]]
+|population_urban = 4,013,057
-|Carte=LAZ-Mappa.png|Map of Latium
+|area_urban_km2 = 5,352
-|site_web=http://www.comune.roma.it
+|area_urban_sq_mi = 2,066
+|population_metro = 5,493,308
+|population_density_km2 = 2,105.5
+|population_density_sq_mi = 4,664.8
+|timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
+|utc_offset = +1
+|timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
+|utc_offset_DST = +2
+|latd=41 |latm=54 |lats= |latNS=N |longd=12 |longm=30 |longs= |longEW=E
+|elevation_m = +20
+|elevation_ft = 66
+|postal_code_type = Postal codes
+|postal_code = 00121 to 00199
+|area_code = 06
+|blank_name =Patron saints
+|blank_info =[[Saint Peter]] and [[Paul of Tarsus|Saint Paul]]
+|footnotes =
 }}
-'''Rome''' (en [[italien]] ''Roma''), est la capitale de l'[[Italie]]. Elle se trouve sur le [[Tibre]], dans la [[Régions d'Italie|région]] du [[Latium]], dans le centre du pays et à 22 km de la [[mer Tyrrhénienne]]. Avec 2&nbsp;705&nbsp;603 habitants établis sur 1&nbsp;285 km²( 4'253'450 avec agglomération), Rome est la commune la plus peuplée et la plus étendue d'Italie (près de 8 fois [[Paris]]); son agglomération est en revanche moins importante que celles de [[Milan]] et de [[Naples]].
+'''Rome''' ({{lang-it|Roma}}) is the [[capital|capital city]] of [[Italy]] and of the [[Lazio]] region, as well as the country's largest and most populous ''[[Municipality|comune]]'', with more than 2.7 million residents.<ref>http://demo.istat.it December 2006</ref> The metropolitan area has a population of about 4 million. It is located in the central-western portion of the [[Italian peninsula]], where the river [[Aniene]] joins the [[Tiber]]. The [[Mayor of Rome]] is [[Walter Veltroni]].
-Rome fut dans l'[[Antiquité]] la capitale de l'[[Empire romain]]. On l'appelait alors couramment ''Urbs'' ("la Ville" par excellence). On l'appelle parfois ''la ville aux [[Sept collines de Rome|sept collines]]'' ([[Aventin]], [[Cælius]], [[Capitole]], [[Esquilin]], [[Mont Palatin|Palatin]], [[Quirinal]] et [[Viminal]]).
+An [[enclave]] of Rome is the State of the [[Vatican City]], the [[sovereign]] [[territory]] of the [[Holy See]]. It is the smallest [[nation]] in the world, and the capital of the only religion to have representation in the [[United Nations]] (as a non-voting member state).
-Les catholiques considèrent l'évêque de Rome (le [[pape]]) comme le successeur de [[Pierre (apôtre)|saint Pierre]] et la ville de Rome comme le centre de la [[chrétienté]] ou tout du moins du [[catholicisme]].
+Rome, ''Caput mundi'' ("capital of the world"), ''la Città Eterna'' ("the Eternal City"), ''Limen Apostolorum'' ("threshold of the Apostles"), ''la città dei sette colli'' ("the city of the [[Seven hills of Rome|seven hills]]") or simply ''l'Urbe'' ("the City"),<ref>[http://www.demauroparavia.it/125134 s.v. "Urbe"], [[De Mauro Paravia]].</ref> is thoroughly modern and cosmopolitan. As one of the few major European cities that escaped [[World War II]] relatively unscathed, central Rome remains essentially [[Renaissance]] and [[Baroque]] in character. The Historic Centre of Rome is listed by [[UNESCO]] as a [[World Heritage Site]].<ref>http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/91 - Entry about Rome on the official website of the [[UNESCO]] World Heritage Centre</ref>
-Rome est également le chef-lieu de la [[Régions d'Italie|région]] du [[Latium]] et de la [[province de Rome]].
+== Geography and climate ==
+[[Image:Rome panorama sb1.jpg|815px|center|thumb|Panorama of Rome from the [[St. Peter's Basilica#Dome|''Cupolone'']].]]
+[[Image:Rome TAS2003125 lrg.jpg|thumb|right|Satellite image of Rome, showing natural and built environment in the city]]
+=== Location ===
+Rome is in the [[Lazio]] region of [[central Italy]], at the confluence of the [[Aniene]] and [[Tiber]] (Italian: ''Tevere'') rivers. Although the city center is about 24 kilometers inland from the [[Tyrrhenian Sea]], the city territory extends to the very shore, where the south-western [[Ostia Antica (district)|Ostia]] district is located. The [[altitude]] of Rome ranges from [[13]] meters [[above sea level]] (in [[Piazza del Popolo]]) to 120 meters above sea level (the peak of [[Monte Mario]]).{{Fact|date=February 2007}} The ''comune'' of Rome covers an overall [[area]] of about 1,285 square kilometers, including many green areas.
-Rome doit son nom à son fondateur, [[Romulus]]. Remus, le frère de Romulus, a été tué par ce dernier. En réalité le nom de Rome viendrait du mot ''Rumon'' qui signifie "la ville du fleuve". Rome possède aussi plusieurs surnoms, dont ''L'Urbe'', ''Caput Mundi'' (capitale du monde), ''La Ville Éternelle'', et ''Limen Apostolorum'' (au seuil des apôtres).
+=== Climate ===
+Rome enjoys a typical [[Mediterranean climate]] which characterizes the [[Mediterranean sea|Mediterranean]] coasts of Italy. It is at its most comfortable from April through June, and from mid-September to October; in particular, the Roman ''ottobrate'' (''ottobrata'' can roughly be translated as "beautiful October day") are famously known as sunny and warm days. By August, the [[temperature]] during the heat of the day often exceeds 32&nbsp;°C (90&nbsp;°F); traditionally, many businesses would close during August, and Romans would abandon the city for holiday resorts, but this trend is weakening, and the city is increasingly remaining fully functional during the whole summer, in response to growing tourism as well as change in the population's work habits. The average high temperature in December is about 14&nbsp;°C (57&nbsp;°F).
-Sur son blason figurent ses couleurs officielles, l'or et le rouge pourpre, ainsi que les initiales [[SPQR]]. Celles-ci datent de la Rome antique et signifient '''''S'''enatus '''P'''opulus'''q'''ue '''R'''omanus'' : "Le Sénat et le peuple romain". Rome a deux fêtes qui lui sont propres, [[21 avril]] (le Noël de Rome), et le [[29 juin]], ses saints patrons étant [[Pierre (apôtre)|saint Pierre]] et [[Paul de Tarse|saint Paul]]).
+<center><!--Infobox begins-->{{Infobox Weather
+|single_line= Yes
+|location = Rome, Italy
+|Jan_Hi_°F = 55 |Jan_Hi_°C = 12
+|Feb_Hi_°F = 56 |Feb_Hi_°C = 13
+|Mar_Hi_°F = 59 |Mar_Hi_°C = 15
+|Apr_Hi_°F = 63 |Apr_Hi_°C = 17
+|May_Hi_°F = 71 |May_Hi_°C = 21
+|Jun_Hi_°F = 77 |Jun_Hi_°C = 25
+|Jul_Hi_°F = 83 |Jul_Hi_°C = 28
+|Aug_Hi_°F = 83 |Aug_Hi_°C = 28
+|Sep_Hi_°F = 79 |Sep_Hi_°C = 26
+|Oct_Hi_°F = 71 |Oct_Hi_°C = 21
+|Nov_Hi_°F = 62 |Nov_Hi_°C = 16
+|Dec_Hi_°F = 57 |Dec_Hi_°C = 13
+|Year_Hi_°F = 68 |Year_Hi_°C = 20
+|Jan_Lo_°F = 39 |Jan_Lo_°C = 3
+|Feb_Lo_°F = 40 |Feb_Lo_°C = 4
+|Mar_Lo_°F = 43 |Mar_Lo_°C = 6
+|Apr_Lo_°F = 47 |Apr_Lo_°C = 8
+|May_Lo_°F = 54 |May_Lo_°C = 12
+|Jun_Lo_°F = 61 |Jun_Lo_°C = 16
+|Jul_Lo_°F = 66 |Jul_Lo_°C = 18
+|Aug_Lo_°F = 67 |Aug_Lo_°C = 19
+|Sep_Lo_°F = 62 |Sep_Lo_°C = 16
+|Oct_Lo_°F = 56 |Oct_Lo_°C = 13
+|Nov_Lo_°F = 46 |Nov_Lo_°C = 7
+|Dec_Lo_°F = 42 |Dec_Lo_°C = 5
+|Year_Lo_°F = 52 |Year_Lo_°C = 11
+|Jan_Precip_inch = 3.2 |Jan_Precip_cm = 8 |Jan_Precip_mm =
+|Feb_Precip_inch = 2.8 |Feb_Precip_cm = 7 |Feb_Precip_mm =
+|Mar_Precip_inch = 2.7 |Mar_Precip_cm = 6 |Mar_Precip_mm =
+|Apr_Precip_inch = 2.0 |Apr_Precip_cm = 6 |Apr_Precip_mm =
+|May_Precip_inch = 2.0 |May_Precip_cm = 5 |May_Precip_mm =
+|Jun_Precip_inch = 1.3 |Jun_Precip_cm = 3 |Jun_Precip_mm =
+|Jul_Precip_inch = 0.6 |Jul_Precip_cm = 1 |Jul_Precip_mm =
+|Aug_Precip_inch = 1.0 |Aug_Precip_cm = 2 |Aug_Precip_mm =
+|Sep_Precip_inch = 2.7 |Sep_Precip_cm = 6 |Sep_Precip_mm =
+|Oct_Precip_inch = 4.5 |Oct_Precip_cm = 11 |Oct_Precip_mm =
+|Nov_Precip_inch = 4.4 |Nov_Precip_cm = 11 |Nov_Precip_mm =
+|Dec_Precip_inch = 3.8 |Dec_Precip_cm = 9 |Dec_Precip_mm =
+|Year_Precip_inch = 31.6 |Year_Precip_cm = 80 |Year_Precip_mm =
+|source =Weatherbase<ref name=Weatherbase>{{cite web
+| url =http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=124261&refer= |title =Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Rome, Italy | publisher=Weatherbase | year=2007 | accessdate=2007-04-07 | language = English }}</ref>
+|accessdate = 2007
+}}<!--Infobox ends--></center>
-Il existe aussi plusieurs proverbes sur Rome, dont ''À Rome, conduis-toi en Romain'', ''Toutes les routes mènent à Rome'' et ''Rome ne fut pas construite en un jour''.
+==History ==
-{{Panorama2|Rome panorama sb1.jpg|1450px|<center>Panorama de Rome depuis la coupole de la basilique Saint-Pierre</center>}}
+{{main|History of Rome}}
-== Histoire ==
-{{Article détaillé|Chronologie de Rome|Histoire de la ville de Rome}}
-=== Histoire antique ===
+=== From founding to Empire ===
-[[Image:Louve.Romulus.Remus.JPG|thumb|right|La Louve allaitant Romulus et Rémus, Capitole, Rome]]
+[[Image:She-wolf suckles Romulus and Remus.jpg|left|thumb|right|The ancient [[Etruscan civilization|Etruscan]] [[bronze]] [[Capitoline Wolf]] suckles the infant twins [[Romulus and Remus]], who were not part of the original, but were added in the late 15th century.]]
+According to [[legend]], the city of Rome was founded by the [[twins]] [[Romulus and Remus]] on [[April 21]], [[753 BC]], and archaeological evidence supports the theory that Rome grew from [[pastoralism|pastoral]] settlements on the [[Palatine Hill]] built in the area of the future [[Roman Forum]], coalescing into a city in the [[8th century BC]]. The city developed into the [[capital]] of the [[Roman Kingdom]] (ruled by a succession of [[seven]] [[king]]s, according to tradition), [[Roman Republic]] (from 510 BC, governed by the [[Roman Senate|Senate]]), but finally the [[Roman Empire]] (from 27 BC, ruled by an [[Roman Emperor|Emperor]]); this success depended on military conquest, commercial predominance, as well as selective assimilation of neighboring civilizations, most notably the [[Etruscans]] and [[Ancient Greece|Greeks]].  From the foundation of Rome in 753 BC, the City of Rome was undefeated militarily (though losing occasional battles), until 386 BC, when Rome was occupied by [[Celts]] (one of the three main Gallic tribes), and then recovered by Romans in the same year. Livy, Book 5. According to the history, the Gauls offered to deliver Rome back to its people for a thousand pounds of gold, but the Romans refused, preferring to take back their city by force of arms rather than ever admitting defeat.
-==== De la Fondation de Rome à l'Empire ====
+Roman dominance expanded over most of [[Europe]] and the shores of the [[Mediterranean sea]], while its [[population]] surpassed one million inhabitants. For almost a thousand years, Rome was the most politically important, richest and largest city in the [[Western world]], and remained so after the Empire started to [[Decline of the Roman Empire|decline]] and was split, even if it ultimately lost its capital status to [[Milan]] and then [[Ravenna]], and was surpassed in prestige by the [[Eastern Roman Empire|Eastern]] capital [[Constantinople]].
-{{Article détaillé|Fondation de Rome}}
+[[Image:Maggiore-obelisk.jpg|thumb|right|220px|Santa Maria Maggiore is one of the earliest symbols of Christianity in the city.]]
+=== Fall of the Empire and Middle Ages ===
+With the reign of [[Constantine I]], the [[Bishop of Rome]] gained political as well as religious importance, eventually becoming known as the [[Pope]] and establishing Rome as the centre of the Catholic Church. After the [[Sack of Rome (410)]] by [[Alaric I]] and the [[fall of the Western Roman Empire]] in [[476]] AD, Rome alternated between [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] and plundering by [[barbarian|Germanic barbarians]]. Its population declined to a mere 20,000 during the [[Early Middle Ages]], reducing the sprawling city to groups of inhabited buildings interspersed among large areas of ruins and vegetation. Rome remained nominally part of the [[Byzantine Empire]] rule until [[751]] AD when the [[Lombards]] finally abolished the [[Exarchate of Ravenna]]. In [[756]], [[Pepin the Short]] gave the pope temporal jurisdiction over Rome and surrounding areas, thus creating the [[Papal States]].
+Rome remained the capital of the [[Papal States]] until its annexation into the [[Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)|Kingdom of Italy]] in [[1870]]; the city became a major [[pilgrimage]] site during the [[Middle Ages]] and the focus of struggles between the [[Papacy]] and the [[Holy Roman Empire]] starting with [[Charlemagne]], who was crowned its first emperor in Rome on [[Christmas]] 800 AD by [[Pope Leo III]]. Apart from brief periods as an independent city during the [[Middle Ages]], Rome kept its status of Papal capital and "holy city" for centuries, even when the Pope briefly relocated to [[Avignon]] (1309–1337). While no longer politically powerful, as tragically shown by the brutal [[Sack of Rome (1527)|sack of 1527]], the city flourished as a hub of cultural and artistic activity during the [[Renaissance]] and the [[Baroque]], under the patronage of the [[Papal court]].
+[[Image:Attacco garibaldino contro i francesi 30 aprile 1849.jpg|thumb|right|[[Giuseppe Garibaldi|Garibaldi]] attacks Papal Rome in 1849.|220px]]
-La date mythique de [[Fondation de Rome|sa fondation]] est le [[21 avril]] [[-753]], point de départ du [[calendrier romain]], comptant ''ab Urbe condita'', « depuis la fondation de Rome ». Cette date est confirmée par l'[[archéologie]] et aujourd'hui les historiens considèrent qu'effectivement un [[synœcisme]] a eu lieu à cette époque entre les différents villages de bergers établis sur les collines. La ville est [[Monarchie romaine|gouvernée par des rois]] d'origine [[étrusque]] jusqu'en [[-510]], année durant laquelle une révolution éclate et instaure la [[République romaine]]. Grâce à ses conquêtes militaires, à l'assimilation des civilisations voisines et à sa puissance commerciale, la domination romaine s'étend en [[Europe]], surtout sur les rives de la [[mer Méditerranée]]. Après une période de crise et de guerres civiles, [[Auguste]] fonde l'[[Empire romain]], qui connaît une longue prospérité qui profite à la cité : sa population dépasse un million d'habitants.
+=== 17–19th century ===
+[[Population]] rose again and reached 100,000 during the [[17th century]], but Rome ultimately lagged behind the rest of the European capitals over the subsequent centuries, being largely busy in the [[Counter-Reformation]] process.
+Caught up in the [[nationalistic]] turmoils of the [[19th century]] and having twice gained and lost a short-lived independence, Rome became the focus of the hopes for Italian unification, as propelled by the [[Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)|Kingdom of Italy]] ruled by King [[Vittorio Emanuele II]]; after the [[France|French]] protection was lifted in [[1870]], royal troops stormed the city, and Rome was declared capital of the newly unified Italy in [[1871]].
-==== La Rome des Flaviens ====
+=== 20th century ===
+After a victorious [[World War I]], Rome witnessed the rise to power of [[Italian fascism]] guided by [[Benito Mussolini]], who [[March on Rome|marched]] on the city in [[1922]], eventually declared a new [[Italian Empire|Empire]] and allied [[Italy]] with [[Nazi Germany]]. This was a period of rapid growth in population, from the 212,000 people at the time of unification to more than 1,000,000, but this trend was halted by [[World War II]], during which Rome was damaged by both [[Allies of World War II|Allied forces]] [[Bombing of Rome in World War II|bombing]] and Nazi occupation; after the execution of [[Mussolini]] and the end of the war, a [[Birth of the Italian Republic|1946 referendum]] abolished the monarchy in favor of the [[Italian Republic]].
+Rome grew momentously after the war, as one of the driving forces behind the "Italian economic miracle" of post-war [[reconstruction]] and [[modernization]]. It became a [[fashionable]] city in the 1950s and early 1960s, the years of ''[[la dolce vita]]'' ("the sweet life"), and a new rising trend in population continued till the mid-1980s, when the ''comune'' had more than 2,800,000 residents; after that, population started to slowly decline as more residents moved to nearby ''comuni''; this has been attributed to their perceiving a decrease in the quality of life,{{Fact|date=February 2007}} especially because of the continuously [[traffic congestion|jammed traffic]] and the worsening [[pollution]] it brings about.
+In recent years the trend has changed again and the population is increasing again, thanks also to the cultural and economic dynamism of the city and immigration from many different countries.
-Sous les [[Flaviens]], Rome est la ville la plus importante du bassin méditerranéen.
+[[Image:Colosseum in Rome, Italy - April 2007.jpg|thumb|220px|right|[[The Colosseum]] today.]]
-Elle est née dans la région autour du [[Tibre]] appelée ''[[Latium]]'' qui est dans son ensemble en déclin. Au contraire, Rome est une ville prospère qui incarne le modèle des cités de l'Empire : on y trouve à manger, à boire, de quoi s'amuser, des boutiques…
+[[Image:Roma-santa maria in trastevere.jpg|220px|[[Santa Maria in Trastevere]], one of the most important medieval churches in Rome.|thumb]]
+[[Image:Roma-piazza del popolo2.jpg|thumb|right|[[Piazza del Popolo]].|220px]]
+[[Image:RomaAltarePatriaTramonto.jpg|thumb|[[Monument of Vittorio Emanuele II]].|220px]]
+[[Image:Villa borghese.jpg|220px|thumb|[[Villa Borghese]].]]
+[[Image:Piazza del Campidoglio.jpg|thumb|right|220px|Piazza del Campidoglio.]]
+[[Image:Piazza esedra 051112-04.JPG|thumb|right|220px|Piazza della Repubblica.]]
+[[Image:Vista Panoramica - Giardino degli Aranci.JPG|thumb|right|220px|View of Rome from the Giardino degli Aranci, near [[Santa Sabina]] basilica, in the [[Viminale]] Hill.]]
+[[Image:Roma BasilicaSPaoloFLM.jpg|thumb|right|220px|San Paolo fuori le Mura.]]
+[[Image:Roma-palazzaccio.jpg|thumb|right|220px|Palace of Justice.]]
+<!--PLEASE LEAVE THEM IN COLUMN, IN ORDER TO AVOID CREATION OF BLANK LINES-->
+== Architecture, city layout and main sights ==
+===Architecture===
+==== Ancient Rome ====
+{{main|Roman architecture}}
+One of the symbols of Rome is the [[Colosseum]] (70-80 AD), the largest [[amphitheatre]] ever built in the [[Roman Empire]]. Originally capable of seating 60,000 spectators, it was used for [[gladiator]]ial [[combat]]. The list of the very important monuments of ancient Rome includes the [[Roman Forum]], the [[Domus Aurea]], the [[Pantheon, Rome|Pantheon]], [[Trajan's Column]], [[Trajan's Market]], the [[Catacombs of Rome|several catacombs area]], the [[Circus Maximus]], the [[Baths of Caracalla]], [[Castel Sant'Angelo]], the [[Mausoleum of Augustus]], the [[Ara Pacis]], the [[Arch of Constantine]], the [[Pyramid of Cestius]], and the [[Bocca della Verità]].
+[[Image:FontanaNettuno8.JPG|thumb|left|200px|Fontana di Nettuno.]]<!--LEAVE THIS ON THE LEFT, OR IT'LL CREATE BLANK LINES!!!-->
-On ne peut pas vraiment savoir quel était l'effectif de la population de cette ville qui s'est tout d'abord développée sur la rive gauche du [[Tibre]]. L'[[île Tibérine]] la sépare de la rive droite, c'est-à-dire de l'[[Étrurie]] connue pour son vin et son huile. Dans les temps encore plus reculés, la ville a été victime d'une coulée de lave, qui, grâce au temps et donc à l'[[érosion]], a donné naissance à sept collines baptisées [[Mont Palatin|Palatin]], [[Capitole]], [[Aventin]], [[Esquilin]], [[Caelius]], [[Viminal]] et [[Quirinal]]. Le [[Capitole]] et le [[Mont Palatin|Palatin]] sont les collines les plus connues. La première, non loin du [[Champ de Mars (Rome)|Champ de Mars]], abrite des temples comme le [[temple de Jupiter Capitolin]] avec sa triade capitoline ([[Junon]]/[[Jupiter (mythologie)|Jupiter]]/[[Minerve (mythologie)|Minerve]]) ; la seconde étant la colline des riches souvent sénateurs où Auguste fit construire sa ''domus'' non loin d'un temple dédié à [[Apollon]]. [[Néron]] puis [[Domitien]] y feront édifier leur propre ''Domus''.
+==== Medieval====
+Often overlooked, Rome's medieval heritage is one of the largest in Italian cities. Basilicas dating from the [[Palaeo-Christian]] age include [[Santa Maria Maggiore]] and [[San Paolo Fuori le Mura]] (the second largely rebuilt in the 19th century), both housing precious 4th century AD mosaics. Later notable medieval mosaic and fresco art can be also found in the churches of [[Santa Maria in Trastevere]], [[Santi Quattro Coronati]] and [[Santa Prassede]]. Lay buildings include a number of towers, the largest being the [[Torre delle Milizie]] and the [[Torre dei Conti]], both next the Roman Forum, and the huge staircase leading to the basilica of [[Santa Maria in Ara Coeli]].
-À l'origine, l'[[Aventin]] est une colline où les pauvres se réfugient mais devant leur désertification, les riches viennent la peupler. Rome est divisée en deux quartiers : l'un officiel et l'autre religieux ([[Capitole]] + [[Champ de Mars (Rome)|Champ de Mars]]). Le quartier officiel est constitué par le [[Mont Palatin|Palatin]] et le [[Forum romain|Forum]] qui est un ancien quartier politique de l'époque républicaine et qui formait une place où les citoyens pouvaient se parler aisément.
+==== Renaissance and Baroque ====
-Habiter à Rome offre l'exemption d'impôt. Dans son ensemble, les richesses de l'[[Italie]] flavienne sont inégalement réparties puisque très développées au Nord avec [[Milan]] et [[Vérone]] qui sont des villes textiles et l'[[Italie]] du Sud beaucoup moins riche.
+{{see also|Renaissance architecture}}{{see also|Baroque architecture}}
-[[Image:Attacco garibaldino contro i francesi 30 aprile 1849.jpg|thumb|Giuseppe Garibaldi attaque Rome en [[1849]]]]
+Rome was a major world center of the [[Renaissance]], second only to [[Florence]], and was profoundly affected by the movement. The most impressive masterpiece of [[Renaissance architecture]] in Rome is the [[Piazza del Campidoglio]] by [[Michelangelo]], along with the Palazzo Senatorio, seat of the city government. During this period, the great aristocratic families of Rome used to build opulent dwellings as the [[Palazzo del Quirinale]] (now seat of the [[President of the Italian Republic|President of the Republic]]), the [[Palazzo Venezia]], the [[Palazzo Farnese]], the [[Palazzo Barberini]], the [[Palazzo Chigi]] (now seat of the [[Prime Minister of Italy|Prime Minister]]), the [[Palazzo Spada]], the [[Palazzo della Cancelleria]], and the [[Villa Farnesina]].
-=== Déclin et renouveau ===
+Rome is also famous for her huge and majestic squares (often adorned with [[Obelisks in Rome|obelisks]]), many of which were built in the [[17th century]]. The principal squares are [[Piazza Navona]], [[Piazza di Spagna]], [[Campo de' Fiori]], [[Piazza Venezia]], [[Palazzo Farnese|Piazza Farnese]] and [[Santa Maria sopra Minerva|Piazza della Minerva]]. One of the most emblematic examples of the baroque art is the [[Fontana di Trevi]] by [[Nicola Salvi]]. Other notable [[Baroque architecture|baroque palaces]] of [[17th century]] are the [[Palazzo Madama]], now seat of the [[Italian Senate]] and the [[Palazzo Montecitorio]], now seat of the [[Chamber of Deputies of Italy]].
-Après une longue hégémonie sur le monde méditerranéen, Rome perd son statut de capitale au profit de [[Milan]] puis [[Ravenne]], et est dépassée en prestige par [[Constantinople]] après la [[division de l'Empire romain]], puis la chute de l'Empire romain d'Occident. L'établissement du [[Pape|pouvoir papal]] fait néanmoins de Rome le centre de l'Église catholique. Durant le [[Moyen Âge|Haut Moyen Âge]], la ville ne compte plus que {{formatnum:20000}} habitants et sa taille se réduit considérablement. En [[756]] [[Pépin le Bref]] donne au Pape le pouvoir temporel sur Rome et les futurs [[États pontificaux]]. La ville devient un site de pélérinage important et la Renaissance et l'époque baroque en font un centre de l'activité culturelle et artistique. Sa population atteint {{formatnum:100000}} habitants au {{s|XVII}}. En [[1871]], après l'unification italienne, Rome devient la capitale du nouveau royaume. [[Benito Mussolini]] s'empare du pouvoir après la [[Marche sur Rome]] de [[1922]]. C'est une période d'augmentation rapide de la population, qui, de {{formatnum:212000}} habitants en 1871, passe à {{formatnum:1000000}} habitants au début de la [[Seconde Guerre mondiale]], durant laquelle la population stagne et la ville subit plusieurs bombardements. Après la guerre, Rome s'étend avec la création de nouveaux quartiers de banlieue dans les années 1950 et 1960, du fait de la croissance industrielle et des besoins administratifs de la capitale.
+==== Neoclassicism ====
+{{see also|Neoclassical architecture}}
-== Géographie ==
+In [[1870]], Rome became capital city of the new [[Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)|Kingdom of Italy]]. During this time, [[Neoclassical architecture|neoclassicism]], a building style influenced by the architecture of [[Antiquity]], became a predominant influence in Roman architecture. In this period many great palaces in neoclassical styles were built to host ministries, embassies and other governing agencies. One of the best-known symbol of Roman [[neoclassicism]] is the [[Monument of Vittorio Emanuele II]] or "Altar of Fatherland", where the [[Monument to Vittorio Emanuele II#Unknown soldier|grave of the Unknown Soldier]], that represents the 650,000 Italians that fell in [[World War I]], is located.
-[[Image:Rome TAS2003125 lrg.jpg|thumb|Image satellite]]
+==== Fascist architecture ====
+{{see also|Fascist architecture}}
-Rome est située dans la région du [[Latium]], au centre de l'[[Italie]], à la confluence de l'[[Aniene]] et du [[Tibre]]. Le centre-ville est situé à environ 24 kilomètres de la côte de la [[mer Tyrrhénienne]], mais le territoire municipal s'étend jusqu'à celle-ci, notamment au niveau d'[[Ostie]]. L'altitude varie de 13 mètres au dessus du niveau de la mer (sur la Piazza del Popolo) à 120 mètres.
+The [[Fascist regime]] that ruled in Italy between 1922 and 1943 developed an architectural style which was characterized by its linkages with ancient Rome architecture. The most important fascist site in Rome is the [[Esposizione Universale Roma|E.U.R.]] district, built in [[1935]]. It was originally conceived for the [[Esposizione universale (1942)|1942 world exhibition]], and was called "E.42" (''"Esposizione 42"''). However, the world exhibition never took place because [[Italy]] entered the [[Second World War]] in 1940. The most representative building of the Fascist style at E.U.R. is the ''Palazzo della Civiltà Italiana'' (1938-1943), the iconic design of which has been labeled the [[Cube|cubic]] or Square [[Colosseum]].
+After World War II, the Roman authorities found that they already had the seed of an off-centre [[business district]] that other capitals were still planning ([[London Docklands]] and [[La Defense]] in Paris). Also the [[Palazzo della Farnesina]], the actual seat of Italian Foreign Ministry, was designed in [[1935]] in fascist style.
-Le centre historique de Rome est dominé par les sept collines : [[Capitole]], [[Mont Palatin|Palatin]], [[Viminal]], [[Quirinal]], [[Esquilin]], [[Caelius]] et [[Aventin]]. Le Tibre traverse la ville en direction du Sud. Il comprend l'[[Île Tibérine]]. La ville antique était entourée par des murailles : le [[mur servien]] construit en [[-390]], puis le [[Mur d'Aurélien]], une enceinte construite par [[Aurélien (empereur romain)|Aurélien]] en [[270]] pour protéger les quartiers qui s'étaient développés en dehors du mur servien. Cette partie de Rome couvre environ 4% de la superficie de la ville moderne et est divisée en 22 ''rioni''. Malgré son apparente petitesse, le vieux centre comprend environ 300 hôtels, plus de 200 palais, 300 églises, huit parcs, les principaux monuments de la ville, les institutions gouvernementales et des milliers de magasins, bureaux, bars et restaurants.
+=== City centre ===
+The historical centre ville is dominated by the traditional "[[Seven hills of Rome]]": the [[Capitoline hill|Capitoline]], [[Palatine hill|Palatine]], [[Viminal hill|Viminal]], [[Quirinal hill|Quirinal]], [[Esquiline hill|Esquiline]], [[Caelian hill|Caelian]], and [[Aventine hill|Aventine]] hills. The Tiber flows south through Rome, with the city centre located where the midstream [[Tiber Island]] facilitated crossing.
+Large parts of the ancient city walls remain. The [[Servian Wall]] was built twelve years after [[Gauls]]' sack of the city in 390 BC; it contained most of the Esquiline and Caelian hills, as well as the whole of the other five. Rome grew out of the [[Servian Wall]], but no more walls were constructed until 270 AD, when [[Aurelian]] began building the [[Aurelian Walls]]. These were almost twelve miles (19 km) long, and was still the wall the troops of the [[Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)|Kingdom of Italy]] had to breach to enter the city in [[1870]].
-Le reste de la ville est divisé en 35 ''quartieri urbani'' qui contiennent la majorité des immeubles modernes. Le tout est entouré par le ''[[Autoroute italienne A90|Grande Raccordo Anulare]]'' (G.R.A), le périphérique romain. Au delà se développe de nouveaux quartiers regroupant les secteurs tertiaires, et les nouveaux quartiers résidentiels débordant largement le périphérique ([[Torrenova]],[[Acilia]]), et eux-mêmes ceinturés par le nouveau périphérique de l'autoroute A1 [[Milan]]-[[Naples]].
+Though relatively small, the old city center contains about 300 hotels and 300 ''[[pension (lodging)|pensioni]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.italianinflorence.eu-languages.com/links.html/|title=Italian in Florence - Links - Information on Rome}}</ref> over 200 palaces,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.italianinflorence.eu-languages.com/links.html/|title=Italian in Florence - Links - Information on Rome}}</ref> 900 churches,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.italianinflorence.eu-languages.com/links.html/|title=Italian in Florence - Links - Information on Rome}}</ref> eight of Rome's major parks, the [[Quirinal Palace|residence of the President of the Italian Republic]], the houses of the [[Parliament]], offices of the city and city government, and many great and well-known monuments. The old city also contains thousands of workshops, offices, bars, and restaurants. Millions of tourists visit Rome annually, making it one of the most visited cities in the world.
-=== Cité du Vatican ===
+=== Peripheral layout ===
-{{Article détaillé|Cité du Vatican}}
+[[Image:P appia.jpg|left|thumb|[[Via Appia]], landscape near Rome]]
-[[Image:Saint-Pierre-Rome.JPG|right|thumb|La basilique Saint-Pierre|180px]]
+The ancient city within the walls covers about four percent of the modern municipality's {{convert|1507|sqkm|sqmi|0}}. The historic city centre is the smallest of Rome's nineteen administrative zones. The city centre is made up of 22 ''[[Rioni of Rome|rioni]]'' (districts), with one of them, ( [[Prati (rione of Rome)|Prati]]), actually lying out of the walled area. Surrounding the centre are 35 ''quartieri urbani'' (urban sectors), and within the city limits are six large ''suburbi'' ([[suburbs]]). The ''comune'' of Rome located outside the municipal boundaries about doubles the area of the actual city.
-La [[Cité du Vatican]] est une enclave extra-territoriale incluant la [[basilique Saint-Pierre]], ainsi que d'autres bâtiments romains. Elle constitue l'État de la cité du [[Vatican]]. Le [[pèlerinage de Rome]] est, avec ceux de la [[Terre Sainte]] ([[Jérusalem]] en particulier) et de [[Pèlerinage de Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle|Compostelle]], l'un des trois principaux [[pèlerinage]]s chrétiens. On arrive à la ville par la [[via Francigena]] ; dans Rome, le pèlerinage inclut généralement les quatre [[basilique]]s majeures (Saint-Pierre, au Vatican, Saint-Paul-hors-les-Murs, Saint-Jean-de-Latran et Sainte-Marie-Majeure) et souvent trois autres basiliques mineures, constituant le "[[Tour des sept églises]]".
+The belt [[highway]] known as [[Grande Raccordo Anulare]] (G.R.A.) describes a huge circle around the capital, about six miles (10 km) out from the city centre; unlike most Italian highways, the G.R.A. is toll-free. The circular highway ties together the ancient roads that led to Rome in antiquity: the [[Via Flaminia]], [[Via Aurelia]], [[Via Salaria]], [[Via Tiburtina]], [[Via Casilina]] and [[Via Appia]]. The modern Via Appia connects the city centre to a string of towns known as [[Castelli Romani]].
-=== Climat ===
+=== Vatican City ===
+{{main|Vatican City}}
+The city of Rome surrounds the Vatican City, the [[enclave]] of the [[Holy See]], which is a separate sovereign state. It hosts [[Saint Peter's Square]] with the [[Saint Peter's Basilica]]. The open space before the basilica was redesigned by [[Gian Lorenzo Bernini]], from 1656 to 1667, under the direction of [[Pope Alexander VII]], as an appropriate forecourt, designed "so that the greatest number of people could see the Pope give his blessing, either from the middle of the façade of the church or from a window in the Vatican Palace" (Norwich 1975 p 175). In Vatican City there are also the prestigious [[Vatican Library]], [[Vatican Museums]] with the [[Sistine Chapel]], the [[Raphael Rooms]] and other important works of [[Leonardo Da Vinci]], [[Raphael]], [[Giotto]], and [[Botticelli]].
-Rome bénéficie d'un [[climat méditerranéen]] caractéristique des côtes méditerranéennes de l'Italie.
+=== Museums and galleries ===
+The list of most important museums and galleries of Rome includes: the [[National Museum of Rome]], the [[Museum of Roman Civilization]], the [[Villa Giulia]] National Etruscan Museum, the [[Capitoline Museums]], the [[Borghese Gallery]], the Museum of [[Castel Sant'Angelo]], and the [[Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna|National Gallery of Modern Art]].
-{| class="wikitable" align="center"
+=== Villas and gardens ===
-! style="background: #99CCCC; color: #000080" height="17" | Mois
-! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | Jan.
-! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | Fév.
-! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | Mars
-! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | Avr.
-! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | Mai
-! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | Juin
-! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | Juil.
-! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | Août
-! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | Sept.
-! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | Oct.
-! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | Nov.
-! style="background: #99CCCC; color:#000080;" | Déc.
-|-------------
-|'''Températures moy. (en °C)'''<ref>[http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=124261&refer=&units=metric Weatherbase.com]
-</ref>||8||8||11||12||17||20||23||23||21||17||12||9
-|-------------
-|'''Précipitations moy. (en mm)'''||8||7||6||6||5||3||1||2||6||11||11||9
-|-------------
-|}
-== Démographie ==
+The center of Rome is surrounded by some large green areas and opulent [[Roman villa|ancient villas]], which are the remains of the crowns of villas which encircled the papal city. Most of them were largely destroyed by real estate speculation at the end of the [[19th century]]. The most important among the surviving ones are:
+* [[Villa Borghese]], with a large landscape garden in the naturalistic 19th century English style, containing a number of buildings, museums (see [[Galleria Borghese]]) and attractions;
+* [[Villa Ada]], the largest public landscaped park of Rome;
+* [[Villa Doria Pamphili]], the second largest with an area of 1.8&nbsp;km²;
+* [[Villa Torlonia (Rome)|Villa Torlonia]], a splendid example of [[Art Nouveau]] mansion that was the Roman residence of [[Benito Mussolini]];
+* [[Villa Albani]], commissioned by [[Alessandro Cardinal Albani]] to house his collection of antiquities and Roman sculpture, which soon filled the casino that faced the Villa down a series of formal parterres.
-Les spécialistes considèrent que Rome était la plus grande ville du monde à l'époque impériale, comptant de 1 à 2 millions d'habitants. Aujourd'hui, la ville en compte environ 2,7 millions, et son aire urbaine à peu près 4 millions sur {{formatnum:5352}} km². {{formatnum:156833}} résidents de la ''comune'' sont de nationalités étrangères, ce qui représente 6,2% du total<ref>Données de l'[[Istituto nazionale di statistica]]</ref>.
+== Government ==
+=== Capital status ===
+[[Image:RomaPalazzoQuirinale.JPG|thumb|220px|left|The [[Quirinal Palace]], house of the [[President of the Italian Republic]].]]<!--please leave it on the left to avoid creation of blank lines-->
-== Les monuments de la ville ==
+Rome is the national capital of Italy and is the seat of the [[President of the Italian Republic]], whose official residence is [[Quirinale]] Palace. Rome hosts also the Italian Parliament, Italian Prime Minister and all the ministries.
-{{Article détaillé|Liste des monuments de la Rome antique}}
+The [[Mayor of Rome]] is [[Walter Veltroni]] of [[The Union (political coalition)|The Union]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comune.roma.it/was/wps/portal/!ut/p/_s.7_0_A/7_0_21L?menuPage=/Area_di_navigazione/Il_Campidoglio/Sindaco_e_Giunta_comunale/Il_Sindaco_di_Roma_-_Walter_Veltroni/|title=Personal profile on the official website of the Comune di Roma}}</ref> elected in 2001 and again for a second term in 2006. A political [[debate]] in Italy focuses on the opportunity of providing the city with "special powers" of local jurisdiction (the "Roma Capitale" directives),<ref>http://www.infrastrutturetrasporti.it/page/standard/site.php?p=cm&o=vh&id=146 - Roma Capitale on the official website of the Italian [[Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei Trasporti|Ministry for Infrastructures and Transportation]]</ref> and possibly of turning either the ''comune'' or the [[Province of Rome]] into a "capital district"<ref>http://www.camera.it/_dati/leg14/lavori/stampati/sk4000/articola/3885.htm - Proposal of Constitutional Law on the official website of the [[Camera dei Deputati]]</ref> separate from the [[Lazio]] region, modelled after other European capital cities.
-De par son histoire très ancienne, Rome est une [[ville]] très riche en monuments, musées et points de vue. C'est ainsi la deuxième ville la plus visitée au monde après [[Paris]] (avec laquelle elle est d'ailleurs jumelée) avec environ 12 millions de visiteurs annuels. Le centre-ville est classé depuis [[1980]] au [[patrimoine mondial]] de l'humanité de l'[[UNESCO]].
+=== Subdivisions ===
+{{main|Administrative subdivision of Rome}}
+[[Image:Municipi di Roma.svg|thumb|Map of Rome's nineteen boroughs.]]
-Rome a conservé de nombreux monuments antiques, dont le [[Colisée]] est l'un des plus célèbres. Dans cet [[amphithéâtre]] qui pouvait accueillir jusqu'à {{formatnum:60000}} personnes avaient lieu des combats de gladiateurs et d’animaux. Édifié entre [[70]] et [[80]], c'est l'œuvre des empereurs [[Vespasien]] et [[Titus (empereur romain)|Titus]]. Autre exemple de monumentalité, le [[Cirque Maxime]], qui connut son apogée au {{s|III|e}} : il mesurait alors 600 mètres de long pour 200 mètres dans sa plus grande largeur, et près de 250 000 spectateurs pouvaient assister à ses courses de chevaux.
+The territory of the commune of Rome is divided into 19 ''Municipi'' (area subdivisions).<ref>http://www.comune.roma.it/was/wps/portal/!ut/p/_s.7_0_A/7_0_21L?menuPage=/Area_di_navigazione/Sezioni_del_portale/Municipi/ - List of Municipi and definition of their territories on the official website of the Comune di Roma</ref> Originally, the city was divided into 20 sub-municipalities, but the [[XIV]], what is now the [[Fiumicino, Italy|Comune di Fiumicino]], voted some years ago to become a full municipality itself and eventually detached from Rome.
-Le quartier du [[Forum romain]] et du Colisée, cœur de la ville antique, est dominé, entre autres, par l'[[arc de Constantin]], érigé en [[315]] pour commémorer la victoire de l’Empereur [[Constantin Ier (empereur romain)|Constantin]] sur [[Maxence]], l'[[arc de Titus]], l'[[arc de Septime Sévère]]. Les [[Forums impériaux]], le [[Capitole]] et les [[musées capitolins]], le [[Panthéon de Rome|Panthéon]], les [[thermes de Dioclétien]] et de [[thermes de Caracalla|Caracalla]] et les onze [[Aqueducs de Rome]], les [[Catacombes de Rome|catacombes]] sont autant d'autres monuments célèbres.
+=== Other sovereign entities ===
+Rome is unique in its containing two other [[sovereignty|sovereign]] entities. One is the [[Holy See]], the political and religious entity that governs the territory of the [[Vatican City]] (a ''[[de facto]]'' [[enclave]] since 1870, officially recognised as such in 1929), as well as claiming [[extraterritoriality|extraterritorial rights]] over a few other palaces and churches, mostly in the city centre; indeed, Rome hosts foreign [[embassy|embassies]] to ''both'' Italy and the Holy See. The other entity is the [[Sovereign Military Order of Malta]] (SMOM), which took refuge in Rome in [[1834]] after having lost [[Malta]] to [[Napoleon]] in [[1798]], and thus claims no territory (leading to disputes over its actual sovereign status); [[SMOM]] too owns [[extraterritorial]] palaces in central Rome.
-[[Image:Colosseum-2003-07-09.jpg|right|thumb|[[Colisée|Le Colisée]]]]
+=== International involvement ===
+Rome has traditionally been heavily involved in the process of European political integration. In [[1957]], the [[city]] hosted the signing of the [[treaty of Rome]], which established the [[European Economic Community]] (predecessor to the [[European Union]]), and also played host to the official signing of the proposed [[European constitution]] in July 2004. Rome is also the seat of significant international organizations, such as the [[Food and Agriculture Organization]] of the [[United Nations]], and is the place where the [[Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court]] was formulated.
-=== La Renaissance et la Rome baroque ===
+== Demography ==
+At the time of Emperor [[Augustus]], Rome was the largest city in the world, and probably the largest ever built until the nineteenth century. Estimates of its peak population range from 450,000 to over 3.5 million people with 1 to 2 million being most popular with historians. After the [[fall of the Roman Empire]], the city's population may have been less than 50,000, and continued to stagnate (or shrink) until the [[Renaissance]]. When the  [[Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)|Kingdom of Italy]] annexed Rome in 1870, it had a population of about 200,000, which rapidly increased to 600,000 by the end of the 19th century.
+The fascist regime of Mussolini tried to block an excessive demographic rise of the city, but failed to prevent it from reaching one million people by 1931.
-Rome a été un centre majeur de la [[Renaissance (période historique)|Renaissance]], qui a profondément marqué la ville. On peut citer la ''[[Place du Capitole (Rome)|Place du Capitole]]'' de [[Michel-Ange]], au sommet du [[Capitole]], qui comprend le ''Palazzo Senatorio'', siège du gouvernement de la cité. L'époque est également marquée par la construction de grandes demeures par les familles aristocratiques près du [[Quirinal]], et de palais comme le ''Palazzo Venezia'', le [[Palais Farnèse]], le ''Palazzo Barberini'', le [[Palazzo Chigi]] (siège actuel du gouvernement italien), le ''Palazzo Spada'' et la ''Villa Farnesina''. Rome doit au {{s|XVII}} ses grandes places, souvent ornées d'[[obélisque]]s, dont la plus représentative et la plus célèbre est la [[Piazza Navona]]. L'art baroque est aussi représenté par la [[Fontaine de Trevi]] de Niccolò Salvi. Cette effervescence artistique répond aux souhaits des papes qui font appel aux artistes les plus talentueux d'Italie pour décorer la ville, avec un point d'orgue lors de la [[Haute Renaissance]].
+After [[World War II]], Rome continued to expand, with the creation of new [[quartieri]] and suburbs in '50s and '60s. Today the official population stands at 2.7 million; the Urban Area of Rome is home to about 4 million in an area of 5,352&nbsp;km² (2,066 sq mi). 156,833 residents in the [[comune]] are of foreign nationality, representing 6.2% of total residents.<ref>populationhttp://demo.istat.it/strasa2006/index.html</ref>
+[[Image:Palazzo Eni.jpg| thumb|220px|right|The [[ENI]] palace at EUR neighbour.]]
-=== Rome contemporaine ===
+== Economy ==
+Modern day Rome has a dynamic and diverse economy with thriving [[technologies]], [[communication]]s, and [[Service Sector|service]] sectors. It produces 6.7% of the national [[GDP]] (more than any other city in Italy). Rome grows +4,4% annually and continues to grow at a higher rate in comparison to any other city in the rest of the country. Following [[World War II]] Rome's economic growth began to overtake its rivals, [[Naples]] and [[Milan]], although a traditional rivalry persists with Milan today. [[Tourism]] is inevitably one of Rome's chief industries, with numerous notable museums including the [[Vatican Museum]], the [[Borghese Gallery]], and the [[Musei Capitolini]]. Rome is also the hub of the [[Cinema of Italy|Italian film industry]], thanks to the [[Cinecittà]] studios. The city is also a center for [[banking]] as well as [[electronics]] and [[aerospace]] industries. Numerous international headquarters, government ministries, conference centres, sports venues and museums are located in Rome's principal business districts: the [[Esposizione Universale Roma]] (EUR); the ''Torrino'' (further south from the EUR); the ''Magliana''; the ''Parco de' Medici-Laurentina'' and the so-called ''Tiburtina-valley'' along the ancient Via Tiburtina.
-[[Image:Rome Place d'Espagne.JPG|thumb|Place d'Espagne & Trinité-des-Monts|right]]
-Le [[Victor-Emmanuel II|monument à Victor-Emmanuel II]], aussi connu sous le nom de « Autel de la Patrie » et surnommé la « Machine à écrire » par les Romains, est le bâtiment [[Néoclassicisme|néoclassique]] le plus connu de la ville. Le Palais de Justice, conçu par Guglielmo Calderini, situé sur la place [[Camillo Cavour|Cavour]], est un exemple d'[[éclectisme (architecture)|éclectisme]]. Il est surnommé péjorativement ''Palazzaccio'' par les Romains.
-L'[[Fascisme|architecture fasciste]] apparaît surtout dans le quartier de l'[[Esposizione Universale di Roma|EUR]], bâti dans la deuxième moitié des [[années 1930]]. L'''Expositione Universale di Roma'' (Exposition universelle de Rome), qui devait s'y tenir en [[1942]] a donné son nom au quartier, mais elle fut annulée en raison de la [[Seconde Guerre mondiale]]. Il reste à ce jour un des principaux témoignages de l'architecture fasciste inspirée par le néoclassicisme.
-=== Rome chrétienne ===
-{{Article détaillé|Pèlerinage de Rome|Liste des églises de Rome}}
-Rome compte plusieurs centaines d'églises et de lieux de culte. Les églises du pèlerinage de Rome sont la [[basilique Saint-Pierre]], au [[Vatican]], qui contient le tombeau de [[Pierre (apôtre)|Saint Pierre]], la [[basilique Saint-Paul-hors-les-murs]], sur la voie Ostienne, où se trouve le tombeau de [[Paul (apôtre)|saint Paul]], l'[[Archibasilique Saint-Jean de Latran]], cathédrale de Rome et du monde, la [[basilique Sainte-Marie-Majeure]], contenant une relique de la Crèche, la basilique Sainte-Croix-en-Jérusalem, qui garde les reliques de la Passion, la basilique Saint-Laurent-hors-les-Murs et la basilique Saint-Sébastien, sur la voie Appienne, au-dessus des catacombes.
-=== Autres monuments ===
-{{Article détaillé|Liste des ponts de Rome|Liste des fontaines de Rome}}
-Rome compte plusieurs ponts et de nombreuses fontaines célèbres, comme celles de [[Fontaine de Trévi|Trévi]], de [[Fontaine Barcaccia|Barcaccia]] et [[Fontaine des Quatre-Fleuves|des Quatre-Fleuves]].
-== Administration ==
-[[Image:Rome - Overview numbered.PNG|thumb|Les 19 Municipi de Rome]]
-Rome est la capitale d'[[Italie]] et est le siège du [[Président de la République italienne]], dont la résidence officielle est le [[Palais du Quirinal]]. Rome accueille également le Parlement Italien et l'ensemble des ministères.
-Le territoire de la commune est divisé en 19 ''Municipi''<ref>[http://www.comune.roma.it/was/wps/portal/!ut/p/_s.7_0_A/7_0_21L?menuPage=/Area_di_navigazione/Sezioni_del_portale/Municipi/ Municipi di Roma] sur le site officiel - consulté le 19 juin 2007</ref>.
-{{MaireIni}}
-{{Maires|Période =à partir du 30 mai 2006 |Identité =[[Walter Veltroni]] |Parti =[[Démocrates de gauche|DS]]|Qualité =[[journaliste]], homme politique}}
-{{MaireEnd}}
-{{Annexe|Liste des maires de Rome}}
-=== Enclaves ===
-Rome contient deux enclaves : le [[Saint-Siège]] qui gouverne le [[Vatican]] et certains bâtiments du centre de Rome, et l'[[Ordre de Malte]], bien que ce dernier ne dispose pas d'un territoire véritable. Rome accueille ainsi des ambassades étrangères et d'Italie et du Vatican.
-=== Hameaux ===
-[[Image:Rome du Janicule.JPG|right|thumb|Vue de Rome depuis le Janicule]]
-[[Ostie]], Ostia Antica, Acilia, Vitinia, Infernetto, Trigoria, Piana del Sole, Casal Palocco, Castel di Leva, Villaggio Prenestino, Castelverde, Corcolle, La Storta-Olgiata, Massimina, Valle Santa
-=== Communes limitrophes ===
-[[Albano Laziale]], [[Anguillara Sabazia]], [[Ardea (Italie)|Ardea]], [[Campagnano di Roma]], [[Castel Gandolfo]], [[Castel San Pietro Romano]], [[Ciampino]], [[Vatican|Città del Vaticano]] (SCV), [[Colonna (Italie)|Colonna]], [[Fiumicino]], [[Fonte Nuova]], [[Formello]], [[Frascati]], [[Gallicano nel Lazio]], [[Grottaferrata]], [[Guidonia Montecelio]], [[Marino (Italie)|Marino]], [[Mentana]], [[Monte Porzio Catone]], [[Monte Compatri]], [[Monterotondo]], [[Palestrina (Italie)|Palestrina]], [[Poli (Italie)|Poli]], [[Pomezia]], [[Riano]], [[Sacrofano]], [[San Gregorio da Sassola]], [[Tivoli (Italie)|Tivoli]], [[Trevignano Romano]], [[Zagarolo]]
-== Culture ==
-[[Image:Galeria-capitolino.jpg|thumb|Galerie des Musées du Capitole]]
-=== Musées ===
-Rome compte de nombreux musées, dont : le [[Musée national de Rome]], le [[Musée de la civilisation romaine]], le [[Musée national étrusque de la villa Giulia]], les [[Musées du Capitole]], la [[Galerie Borghèse]], le musée du [[Château Saint-Ange]], la [[Galerie nationale d'art moderne]], le [[Musée d'art contemporain de Rome|Musée d'art contemporain (MACRo)]] et les célèbres [[Musées du Vatican]], visités par des millions de visiteurs chaque année.
+== Culture and society ==
+=== Events in Rome ===
+{{main|Events in Rome}}
+[[Image:Roma-san giovanni11.jpg|thumb|right|220px|Basilica of [[San Giovanni in Laterano]].]]
 === Religion ===
+The ''[[Religion in ancient Rome|Religio Romana]]'' (literally, the "Roman Religion") constituted the major religion of the city in [[Ancient Rome|antiquity]]. The first gods held sacred by the Romans were Jupiter, the most high, and [[Mars]], god of war, and father of Rome's twin founders, [[Romulus]] and Remus, according to tradition. The goddess [[Vesta]] became an important part of the Roman Pantheon at an early stage of the Roman Monarchy.  The goddess [[Diana]] joined Roman Pantheon during the Monarchy times as the central goddess uniting worship between Rome and several of its neighbors, thus creating the basis for a coalition. The goddess [[Juno]] was imported to Rome from the ancient city of Veii, after Veii fell to the Roman military, following a long period of wars between the two cities, during the time of the Roman Republic. Other gods and goddesses were honored in Rome and added to the Pantheon throughout the Monarchy and Republic periods.  See Livy, Books 1-5.
-Durant l'[[Antiquité]], la [[Religion romaine antique]] est la religion principale de Rome. Néanmoins, la ville étant très cosmopolite, d'autres cultes y sont représentés, dont le [[judaïsme]], qui est par la suite confiné au [[Ghetto de Rome]] sous les papes. La religion chrétienne s'y implante rapidement et devient en [[313]] une religion légale, puis la religion officielle de l'Empire en [[380]]. L'importance de la communauté chrétienne dans la cité et la tradition selon laquelle [[Saint Pierre]] et [[Saint Paul]] y furent martyrisés, fait de Rome la capitale des chrétiens : l'évêque de Rome finit par devenir pape de toute la chrétienté.
+The Roman religion was largely concerned with interpreting divine messages (augeries) through natural occurrences (omens). However, Rome had no augerers of its own, and largely relied upon [[Etruscan]] augerers to interpret the divine omens.  For this reason, Rome was left without any augerers during its last war with Veii, and Etruscan city, and was forced to send envoys all the way to Greece, to consult the famous [[Delphi#Oracle|Oracle at Delphi]]. Livy, Book 5.
-Ces dernières années la [[Islam|communauté islamique]] a grandi en importance, en majeure partie du fait de l'immigration depuis l'[[Afrique du Nord]] et les pays du Moyen-Orient. Rome accueille la plus grande [[mosquée]] d'[[Europe]], une œuvre de l'architecte [[Paolo Portoghesi]] inaugurée le {{date|21|juin|1995}}.
+Several other religions and imported [[mystery cult]]s remained represented within its ever-expanding boundaries during the Roman Republic and Empire periods, including [[Judaism]], whose presence in the city dates back from the [[Roman Republic]] and was sometimes forcibly confined to the [[Roman Ghetto]], as well as [[Mithraism]] which was the official religion of the Roman Empire for about two centuries, until being superseded by [[Christianity]], following the death of Emperor Constantine in the 4th Century AD. Christianity was made the [[official religion]] of the [[Roman Empire]] in 380 by Emperor [[Theodosius I]], allowing it to spread further and eventually wholly replace Mithraism and the Roman Religion.
-=== Universités ===
+Rome became the pre-eminent [[Christian]] city (vis-a-vis [[Antioch]] and [[Alexandria]], and later [[Constantinople]] and [[Jerusalem]]) based on the tradition that [[Saint Peter]] and [[Paul of Tarsus|Saint Paul]] were [[martyr]]ed in the city during the 1st century, coupled with the city's political importance. The [[Bishop of Rome]], later known as the [[Pope]], claimed primacy over all Bishops and therefore all Christians on the basis that he is the successor of [[Saint Peter]], upon whom [[Jesus]] built his Church; his prestige had been enhanced since [[313]] through donations by Roman emperors and patricians, including the [[Lateran Palace]] and patriarchal basilicas, as well as the obviously growing influence of the Church over the failing civil imperial authority. Papal authority has been exercised over the centuries with varying degrees of success, at times triggering divisions among Christians, until the present.
+[[Image:StPetersBasilicaEarlyMorning.jpg|thumb|left|St. Peter's Square in the early morning.]]
+With the increasing chaos and disorder leading to the collapse of the Roman Empire in [[476]], the popes assumed more and more civil authority first in Rome and in the surrounding territories. Rome became the center of the [[Catholic Church]] and the [[capital city]] of the [[Papal States]]; consequently, a great number of churches, convents and other religious buildings were erected in the city, sometimes above the ruins of older pre-Christian sites of worship. [[Churches of Rome|Churches proliferated]] during the Renaissance, when the Rome's most notable churches were built (this includes [[St. Peter's Basilica|St. Peter's]] [[basilica]] on the [[Vatican Hill]] (the largest church in the world) and the city [[cathedral]] of [[Basilica of St. John Lateran|St. John]] at the [[Lateran]]. The [[Papacy]] established its residence first in the [[Lateran Palace]], then in the [[Quirinal Palace]]. When Rome was annexed by force to the newly unified [[Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)|Kingdom of Italy]] In [[1870]], [[Pope Pius IX]] retired to the [[Vatican City|Vatican]], proclaiming himself a prisoner of the [[House of Savoy|Savoy monarchy]] and leading to decades of conflict between the neonate state and the Catholic Church. This was resolved in [[1929]], when the [[Lateran Treaty]] were signed in Rome, establishing the right for the [[Holy See]] to govern the [[Vatican City]] as an independent, [[sovereign state]]. The [[patron saint]]s of Rome remain [[Saint Peter]] and [[Paul the Apostle|Saint Paul]] (or, as they are collectively referred to in this context, "the most holy Saints Peter and Paul"), both celebrated on [[June 29]].
+[[Image:Moschea - sala principale 3082-6.JPG|thumb|rihgt|Central mosque by [[Paolo Portoghesi]], Rome (1974)]]
+In recent years, the [[Islam]]ic community has grown significantly, in great part due to [[immigration]] from [[North Africa]]n and [[Middle East]]ern countries into the city. As a consequence of this trend, the ''comune'' promoted the building of the largest [[mosque]] in [[Europe]], which was designed by [[architect]] [[Paolo Portoghesi]] and inaugurated on [[June 21]], [[1995]].
-[[Image:MinervaSapienza.JPG|thumb|Statue de [[Minerve]] à La Sapienza]]
+=== Language ===
+The original language of Rome was [[Latin]], which evolved during the [[Middle Ages]] into [[Italian language|Italian]]. The latter emerged as the confluence of various regional dialects, among which the [[Tuscan dialect]] predominated, but the population of Rome also developed its own dialect, the [[Romanesco]]. The ancient ''romanesco'', used during the [[Middle Ages]], was a southern Italian dialect, very close to the [[Neapolitan]]. The influence of the [[Florentine]] culture during the [[renaissance]], and, above all, the immigration to Rome of many Florentines who were among the two [[Medici]] Popes' ([[Leo X]] and [[Clement VII]]) suite, caused a strong change of the dialect, which became much closer to the Tuscan varieties (the immigration of Florentines was mainly due to the [[Sack of Rome (1527)|Sack of Rome in 1527]] and the subsequent demographic decrease). This remained largely confined to Rome until the [[19th century]], but then expanded other zones of [[Lazio]] ([[Civitavecchia]], [[Latina]]), from the beginning of the [[20th century]], thanks to the rising population of Rome and to better transportation systems. As a consequence, [[Romanesco]] abandoned its traditional forms to [[mutate]] into the dialect spoken within the city, which is more similar to standard [[Italian language|Italian]], although remaining distinct from other Romanesco-influenced local dialects of Lazio. [[Dialectal]] literature in the traditional form [[Romanesco]] includes the works of such authors as [[Giuseppe Gioacchino Belli]], [[Trilussa]], and [[Cesare Pascarella]]. Contemporary [[Romanesco]] is mainly represented by popular actors such as [[Aldo Fabrizi]], [[Alberto Sordi]], [[Nino Manfredi]], [[Anna Magnani]], [[Gigi Proietti]], [[Enrico Montesano]], and [[Carlo Verdone]].
+[[Image:MinervaSapienza.JPG|right|thumb|The statue of [[Minerva]] in [[La Sapienza]] University]]
-Rome est un centre national au niveau des [[études supérieures]]. Sa première université, [[Université de Rome « La Sapienza »|La Sapienza]], fondée en [[1303]], est la plus grande d'[[Europe]] et la seconde du monde au niveau du nombre d'étudiants. Parmi les autres universités publiques, on peut citer [[Université de Rome Tor Vergata|Tor Vergata]] ([[1982]]) et [[Université de Rome III|Rome III]] ([[1992]]). Rome comprend plusieurs universités et instituts pontificaux placés sous l'autorité du [[Saint-Siège]], il s'agit de l'[[Université pontificale grégorienne]], fondée en [[1551]], de l'[[Université pontificale de Saint Thomas d'Aquin]], entre autres. Parmi les universités privées se trouvent "LUMSA", l'[[Université catholique du Sacré-Cœur]], "LUISS", l’"Istituto Europeo di Design", la ''John Cabot University'', l'"Istituto Universitario di Scienze Motorie", la ''American University of Rome'', le "Campus de Malte", la "S. Pio V University of Rome" et la "Università Campus Bio-Medico". On trouve également à Rome le "Loyola University Chicago Rome Center" de la [[Loyola University Chicago]].
+=== Universities ===
+Rome is a nation-wide center for [[higher education]]. Its first [[university]], [[University of Rome La Sapienza|La Sapienza]] (founded in 1303), is the largest in [[Europe]] and the second largest in the world, with more than 150,000 students attending.{{Fact|date=February 2007}} Two new public universities were founded: [[University of Rome Tor Vergata|Tor Vergata]] in 1982, and [[Third University of Rome|Roma Tre]] in [[1992]], although the latter has now become larger than the former. Rome also contains a large number of [[pontifical universities]] and institutes, including the [[Pontifical Gregorian University]] (The oldest [[Jesuit]] university in the world, founded in [[1551]]), the [[Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas (Angelicum)]], and many others. The city also hosts various private universities, such as the [[LUMSA]], the [[Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore]] (Roman centre), the [[LUISS]], [[Istituto Europeo di Design]],the [[St. John's University]], the [[John Cabot University]], the [[IUSM]], the [[American University of Rome]],the Link [[Campus of Malta]], the [[S. Pio V University of Rome]], and the [[Università Campus Bio-Medico]]. Rome is also the location of the [[Loyola University Chicago Rome Center|John Felice Rome Center]], a campus of [[Loyola University Chicago]].
-=== Musique ===
+=== Music ===
+Rome is an important centre for music. It hosts the [[Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia]] (founded in 1585), for which new concert halls have been built in the new [[Parco della Musica]], one of the largest musical venues in the world. Rome also has an [[opera house]], the [[Teatro dell'Opera di Roma]], as well as several minor musical institutions. The city also played host to the [[Eurovision Song Contest 1991]] and the [[MTV Europe Music Awards 2004]].
-Rome accueille la [[Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia]] (fondée en [[1585]]), qui se produit, entre autres, dans le récent ''Parco della Musica'', l'un des complexes musicaux les plus importants du monde. Rome possède aussi son opéra, le ''Teatro dell'Opera di Roma''.
+=== Cinema ===
+[[Image:Martin scorsese gangs of new york set in cinecitta italy.jpg|thumb|right|Set of ''Gangs of New York'' in [[Cinecittà]] studios, Rome.]]
+Rome hosts the [[Cinecittà]] Studios, the largest film and television production facility in continental Europe and the centre of the [[Cinema of Italy|Italian cinema]], where a large number of today's
+biggest box office hits are filmed. The 99 acre (40 ha) studio complex is 5.6 miles (9 km) from the centre of Rome and is part of one of the biggest production communities in the world, second only to [[Hollywood]], with well over 5,000 professionals - from period costume makers to visual effects specialists. More than 3,000 productions have been made on its lot, from recent features like [[The Passion of Christ]], [[Gangs of New York]], [[HBO]]’S [[Rome]], [[The Life Aquatic]] and [[Dino De Laurentiis]]’ [[Decameron]], to such cinema classics as [[Ben Hur]], [[Cleopatra]] and the films of [[Federico Fellini]].
-La ville a été l'hôte du [[Concours Eurovision de la chanson 1991]] et des ''MTV Europe Music Awards 2004''.
+Founded in [[1937]] by [[Fascism in Italy|Fascist dictator]] [[Benito Mussolini]], the studios were bombed by the [[Western Allies]] during [[World War II]]. In the 1950s, Cinecittà was the filming location for several large [[Cinema of the United States|American film productions]], and subsequently became the studio most closely associated with [[Federico Fellini]]. Today Cinecittà is the only studio in the world with pre-production, production and full post-production facilities on one lot, allowing directors and producers to walk in with their script and "walk out" with a completed film.
-=== Cinéma ===
-[[Image:Martin scorsese gangs of new york set in cinecitta italy.jpg|thumb|Décors de "Gangs of New York" à Cinecittà]]
-Rome possède son grand complexe de studios cinématographiques, [[Cinecittà]], la capitale du [[cinéma italien]], où sont tournés des films à gros budget. Récemment, [[Martin Scorsese]] les a choisi pour filmer ''[[Gangs of New York]]''. La série [[Rome (série télévisée)|Rome]] de [[HBO]]/[[CBC]] y a été tournée.
 === Media ===
+{| class="wikitable" border=1 cellspacing=0
+!Newspapers!!Magazines!!TVs!!Radios
+|-
+|valign=top|
+*''[[City (newspaper)|City]] ''(Rome edition)
+*''[[Corriere dello Sport]]''
+*''[[Leggo]]''
+*''[[Liberazione (newspaper)|Liberazione]]''
+*''[[Il Manifesto]]''
+*''[[Il Messaggero]]''
+*''[[Metro International|Metro]]'' (Rome edition)
+*''[[L'Osservatore Romano]]''
+*''[[QN (newspaper)|QN]]''
+*''[[La Repubblica]]''
+*''[[Il Romanista]]''
+*''[[Il Tempo]]''
+*''[[L'Unità]]''
+|valign=top|
+*''[[Audio Review (newspaper)|Audio Review]]''
+*''[[L'Espresso]]''
+*''[[Frequency (newspaper)|Frequency]]''
+*''[[XL Repubblica]]''
+*''[[Il Venerdì di Repubblica]]''
+|valign=top|
+*[[RAI]] (national centre)
+*[[Sky Italia]] (national centre)
+*[[La7]] (national centre)
+*[[Mediaset Centri di Produzione TV]] (Rome centre)
+*[[Mediaset centri produzione Fiction]]
+*[[Mediaset TG5 centro Palatino]] (Rome centre)
+|valign=top|
+*[[Radio Capital]]
+*[[Radio CNR]]
+*[[Radio Deejay]] (Rome centre)
+*[[Radio Dimensione Suono]]
+*[[Radio Dimensione Suono Roma]]
+*[[Radio Globo]]
+*[[Radio Italia]]
+*[[Radio Rock]]
+*[[Radio Radicale]]
+*[[Radio Radio]]
+*[[Radio Vaticana]]
+*[[Radio 24]] (Rome centre)
+|}
-Les principaux journaux de la ville sont ''[[La Repubblica]]'' (deuxième journal du pays), ''[[L'Osservatore Romano]]'', l'édition locale de ''[[Metro International]]'', ''[[Il Messaggero]]'', ''[[Il Manifesto]]'' et ''[[L'Unità]]]''.
+== Sports ==
-Les chaînes de radio principales sont [[Radio Capital]], [[Radio CNR]], [[Radio DeeJay]] (centre), [[Radio Dimensione Suono]], [[Radio Dimensione Suono Roma]], [[Radio Globo]], [[Radio Italia]], [[Radio Rock]], [[Radio Radicale]], [[Radio Radio]], [[Radio Vatican]] et [[Radio 24]] (centre).
-=== Sport ===
-Rome a été la ville hôte des [[jeux Olympiques d'été de 1960]]. Elle est officiellement candidate pour recevoir les jeux Olympiques d'été de 2020. En [[1998]], la ville a accueilli les troisièmes [[Jeux équestres mondiaux]].
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! style="background: #D8E2EF; color:#000080;" |Club
 ! style="background: #D8E2EF; color:#000080;" |Sport
-! style="background: #D8E2EF; color:#000080;" |Fondé en
+! style="background: #D8E2EF; color:#000080;" |Founded
-! style="background: #D8E2EF; color:#000080;" |Ligue
+! style="background: #D8E2EF; color:#000080;" |League
-! style="background: #D8E2EF; color:#000080;" |Stade
+! style="background: #D8E2EF; color:#000080;" |Venue
-! style="background: #D8E2EF; color:#000080;" |Entraîneur
+! style="background: #D8E2EF; color:#000080;" |Head Coach
 |-
-|[[AS Rome]]
+|[[S.S. Lazio]]
-|[[Football]]
+|[[Football (soccer)]]
-|[[1927]]
+|[[1900]]
 |[[Serie A]]
 |[[Stadio Olimpico]]
-|Luciano Spalletti
+|[[Delio Rossi]]
 |-
-|[[SS Lazio]]
+|[[A.S. Roma]]
-|[[Football]]
+|[[Football (soccer)]]
-|[[1900]]
+|[[1927]]
 |[[Serie A]]
 |[[Stadio Olimpico]]
-|Delio Rossi
+|[[Luciano Spalletti]]
 |-
+|[[A.S. Cisco Roma]]
+|[[Football (soccer)]]
+|[[1972]]
+|[[Serie C2]]
+|[[Stadio Flaminio]]
+|[[Fabio Fratena]]
+|-
 |[[Pallacanestro Virtus Roma]]
-|[[Basket-ball]]
+|[[Basketball]]
 |[[1960]]
-|Serie A
+|[[Serie A (basketball)|Serie A]]
-|PalaLottomatica
+|[[PalaLottomatica]]
-|Jasmin Repesa
+|[[Jasmin Repeša]]
 |-
 |[[M. Roma Volley]]
 |[[2006]]
 |[[A 1]]
-|Palazzetto dello Sport
+|[[Palazzetto dello Sport]]
-|Roberto Serniotti
+|[[Roberto Serniotti]]
 |-
 |[[Unione Rugby Capitolina]]
-|[[Rugby]]
+|[[Rugby union]]
 |[[1996]]
-|[[Championnat d'Italie de rugby à XV|Super 10]]
+| [[Super 10 (Italian premiership)|Super 10]]
-|[[Stade Flaminio de Rome|Stade Flaminio]]
+|[[Stadio Flaminio]]
-|Massimo Mascioletti
+|[[Massimo Mascioletti]]
 |-
 |}
-== Économie ==
+Rome hosted the [[1960 Summer Olympics]] and is an official candidate to hosting the [[2020 Summer Olympics]].
+[[Football (soccer)]] is the most popular [[sport]] in Rome, as in the rest of the country. The [[Stadio Olimpico]] hosted the final game of the [[1990 FIFA World Cup]]; it is also the home stadium for local [[Serie A]] clubs [[S.S. Lazio]] and [[A.S. Roma]], whose rivalry has become a staple of Roman sports culture. Indeed, famous footballers who play for these teams and are also born in the city tend to become especially popular, as has been the case with players such as [[Paolo Di Canio]] and [[Alessandro Nesta]] (both for Lazio); [[Francesco Totti]] and [[Giuseppe Giannini]] (both for A.S. Roma).
+While far from being as popular as football, [[rugby union]] is gaining wider acceptance. The [[Stadio Flaminio]] is the home stadium for the [[Italy national rugby union team]], which has been playing in the [[Six Nations Championship]] since [[2000]], albeit with less than satisfactory performances, as they have never won the championship so far. Rome is home to local rugby teams, such as [[Unione Rugby Capitolina]], [[Rugby Roma]], and [[S.S. Lazio (rugby)|S.S. Lazio]].
+Every May, Rome hosts the [[ATP Masters Series]] [[tennis]] tournament on the clay courts of the [[Foro Italico]]. [[Cycling]] was immensely popular in the post-[[World War II|WWII]] period, although its popularity has faded in the last decades; Rome has hosted the final portion of the [[Giro d'Italia]] twice, in 1989 and 2000. Every spring, the annual [[Maratona della città di Roma|Rome marathon]] is considered to be the most widely attended sports event in Italy. {{Fact|date=February 2007}} Rome is also home to many other sports teams, including [[basketball]] ([[Pallacanestro Virtus Roma]]), [[team handball|handball]] ([[S.S. Lazio (handball)|S.S. Lazio]]), [[volleyball]] (male: [[M. Roma Volley]], female: [[Virtus Roma (volleyball)|Virtus Roma]] and [[Linea Medica Siram Roma (volleyball)|Linea Medica Siram Roma]]), and [[waterpolo]] ([[A.S. Roma (waterpolo)|A.S. Roma]], [[S.S. Lazio (waterpolo)|S.S. Lazio]]).
-Aujourd'hui Rome possède une [[économie]] dynamique et diversifiée dans les technologies et les communications. Le secteur des services est prospère. Il produit 6,7% du [[PIB]] national (plus que toute autre ville en Italie). Rome accroît +4,4% annuellement et continue à se développer à un taux plus élevé dans le reste du pays. La croissance économique de Rome a commencé à surpasser celle de ses rivales, Naples et Milan. Mais une concurrence traditionnelle persiste avec Milan. Le [[tourisme]] est inévitablement une des industries clés de Rome, avec ses nombreux musées. Rome est également le centre de l'industrie italienne du film, grâce au Cinecittà studios. Les sièges sociaux, les centres de conférence, les stades et les musées internationaux sont situés dans les quartiers de Rome : Esposizione Universale Roma (EUR) ; Torrino (d'autres sud de l'EUR) ; Magliana; De Medici-Laurentina de Parco et le prétendu Tiburtina-vallée le long de l'antique par l'intermédiaire de Tiburtina.
+== Transportation ==
+=== Airports ===
+Rome is served by three [[airports]], of which the main two are owned by [[Aeroporti di Roma]]. The intercontinental [[Leonardo Da Vinci International Airport]] is Italy's chief airport; it is more commonly known as [[Leonardo Da Vinci International Airport|"Fiumicino airport"]], as it is located within the territory of the nearby ''[[comune]]'' of [[Fiumicino]], south-west of Rome. The older [[Rome Ciampino Airport]] is a joint civilian and military airport; it is more commonly referred to as "Ciampino Airport", as it is located within Roman territory near the border with the ''comune'' of [[Ciampino]], south-east of Rome.
-D'après une étude du groupe immobilier [[Knight Frank]] et de [[Citi Private Bank]], Rome est la dixième ville la plus chère du monde en ce qui concerne les prix de l'immobilier de luxe, ({{formatnum:12500}}) euros par mètre carré<ref> {{en}} Citi, Knight Frank [http://www.knightfrank.es/es/prensa/20070523/Wealth_Report_2007_en.pdf '07 Annual Wealth Report. Prime Resdential Property.'']. {{commentaire biblio|voir un compte-rendu du ''Figaro'' : « À Londres, le mètre carré atteint des sommets », ''[[Le Figaro]]'' du 08/05/2007, {{Lire en ligne|lien=http://www.lefigaro.fr/economie/20070508.WWW000000382_a_londres_le_metre_carre_atteint_des_sommets.html}}, ''[[Le Figaro]]'' du 08/05/2007}}</ref>.
+A third airport, the [[Aeroporto dell'Urbe]], is a small, low-traffic airport located about 6&nbsp;km north of the city centre, which handles most [[helicopter]] and private flights. A fourth airport in the eastern part of the city, the [[Aeroporto di Centocelle]] (dedicated to [[Francesco Baracca]]), is no longer open to flights; it hosts the [[Comando di Squadra Aerea]] (which coordinates the activities of the [[Aeronautica Militare Italiana]]) and the [[Comando Operative di Vertice Interforze]]<ref>http://www.difesa.it/SMD/COI/La+sede.htm - Entry about the [[Centocelle Airport]] in the official website of the Italian [[Ministero della Difesa]]</ref> (which coordinates all Italian military activities), although large parts of the airport are being redeveloped as a public park.
-== Transport ==
+=== Railways ===
-[[Image:Rome Italy train map.gif|thumb|Temps de trajet entre Rome et les principales villes italiennes ([[septembre 2006]])]]
+Rome is the hub of the Italian railways.
-=== Aérien ===
+'''History of Rome railroad'''
+* The first railroad built in Rome (and the second railway built in Italy) the [[Rome and Frascati Rail Road]], was opened for service on July 14, 1856.
+* On April 16, 1859 the [[Rome and Civitavecchia Rail Road]] was opened for service.
+* On January 27, 1862 the [[Rome and Ceprano Rail Road]] was opened for service.
+* On April 28, 1864 the [[Rome and Monterotondo Rail Road]] was opened for service.
+* On June 12, 1916 the [[Rome and Fiuggi Rail Road]] was opened for service.
-Rome est desservie par trois aéroports, dont les deux principaux, l'[[aéroport Léonard-de-Vinci de Rome Fiumicino]] et l'[[aéroport de Ciampino]], sont administrés par Aeroporti di Roma. L'aéroport Léonard-de-Vinci, situé au sud-ouest de Rome à Fiumicino, est le principal du pays. L'aéroport de Ciampino, au sud-est de Rome, est utilisé à la fois par le transport commercial et militaire.
+'''Stations in the city'''
-Quant à l'"Aeroporto dell'Urbe", c'est un petit aéroport dédié aux vols privés. À l'est de Rome se trouve l’"Aeroporto di Centocelle" qui est utilisé par l'[[Aeronautica militare]]<ref>[http://www.difesa.it/SMD/COI/La+sede.htm Comando Operativo di vertice Interforze (COI)] sur le site du ministère de la Défense - consulté le 19 juin 2007</ref> et n'est pas ouvert au public, néanmoins il est actuellement en reconversion en tant que parc public.
-=== Ferroviaire ===
+Located on the [[Esquiline Hill]], Rome's central station, called [[Roma Termini station|Roma Termini]], was opened in [[1863]], then demolished and completely rebuilt between 1939 and 1951; it is operated by [[Grandi Stazioni]] and mainly served by [[Trenitalia]]. It is the single largest station in [[Europe]]{{Fact|date=February 2007}} and is visited by 600,000 passengers daily;{{Fact|date=February 2007}} it has twenty-nine railway platforms, and also serves as a [[shopping centre]] and [[art gallery]]. The second largest station in the city is [[Roma Tiburtina station|Roma Tiburtina]], which is being redeveloped for [[high-speed rail]] service.<ref>http://eurostar-av.trenitalia.com/it/progetto/stazioni_rinnovate/roma_tiburtina.html - Entry on Roma Tiburtina station on the official website of the Italian high-speed rail service (in Italian)</ref> Other notable stations include [[Roma Ostiense station|Roma Ostiense]], [[Roma Trastevere station|Roma Trastevere]], [[Roma Tuscolana station|Roma Tuscolana]], [[Roma San Pietro station|Roma San Pietro]], [[Roma Nomentana station|Roma Nomentana]] and [[Roma Casilina station|Roma Casilina]].
-La [[Gare Termini|gare centrale Termini]] ou ''Roma Termini'', située près de l'[[Esquilin]], est une des plus grandes gares d'Europe. Ouverte en [[1863]], entièrement reconstruite entre [[1939]] et [[1951]], est gérée par ''Grandi Stazioni'' et desservie par [[Trenitalia]]. [[Roma Tiburtina]], la seconde gare de la ville, est en cours de travaux pour accueillir les trains à grande vitesse. Les autres gares importantes sont Roma Ostiense, Roma Trastevere, Roma Tuscolana, Roma San Pietro, Roma Nomentana and Roma Casilina et Roma Nomentana.
+=== Urban transportation ===
+==== Underground ====
+[[Image:Metro rome.svg|thumb|Map of Rome Metro.]]
-=== Urbain ===
+A 2-line [[Metro|subway]] system operates in Rome, called the "Metropolitana" or [[Rome Metro]]. Construction on the first branch started in the 1930s. The line had been planned to quickly connect the main train station ([[Roma Termini station|Termini]]) with the newly planned E42 area in the southern suburbs, where the 1942 [[Esposizione universale (1942)|World Fair]] was supposed to be held. The event never took place because of war. The area was later partly redesigned and renamed [[Esposizione Universale Roma|EUR]] (Esposizione Universale di Roma: Rome Universal Exhibition) in the 1950s to serve as a modern business district. The line was finally opened in 1955 and it is now part of the B Line. The A line opened in 1980 from Ottaviano to Anagnina stations, later extended in stages (1999 - 2000) to Battistini. In the 1990s, an extension of the B line was opened from Termini to Rebibbia. This underground network is generally reliable (although it may become very congested at peak times and during events, especially the A line) as it is relatively short. As of 2005, its total length is 38&nbsp;km. The two existing lines, A & B, only intersect at [[Roma Termini station]].
-Rome est desservie par des lignes de bus, un tramway et un [[métro de Rome|métro]] depuis [[1955]].
+A new branch of the B line (B1) is under construction with an estimated cost of 482.900.000 Euro. It is scheduled to open in [[2010]]. B1 will connect to line B at Piazza Bologna and will have 4 stations over a distance of 3.9&nbsp;km.
-<div align='center'>
+A third line, line C, is under construction with an estimated cost of 3.000.000.000 Euro and will have 30 stations over a distance of 25.5&nbsp;km. It will partly replace the existing tram line, Termini-Pantano. It will feature full automated, driverless trains. The first section will open in [[2011]] and the final sections in [[2015]].
-<gallery>
+Archaeological findings frequently delay underground construction work.
-Image:Metro rome.svg|Lignes du métro
-Image:Rete Tram Roma 2007 nuovo2.png|Lignes du tramway
-</gallery>
-</div>
-Les nombreux embouteillages causés par la circulation automobile durant les années 1970 et 1980 ont mené à la création d'une ''Zona a Traffico Limitato'' - zone à trafic limité (ZTL) dans le centre-ville. Plusieurs parkings souterrains sont en cours de construction dans le but de remédier au manque de places pour les voitures. Le trafic routier reste néanmoins un problème important pour la ville.
+A fourth line, line D, is under development. It will have 22 stations over a distance of 20&nbsp;km. The first section will open in [[2015]] and the final sections before [[2035]].
-== Jumelage et partenariats ==
+==== Overground ====
+[[Image:Roman Tram in Via Torre Argentina 7-7-06.jpg|thumb|Roman tram in Largo di Torre Argentina]]
-Rome est jumelée avec une seule ville :
+The [[Rome Metro]] is part of an extensive transport network made of a tramway network, suburban and urban lines in and around the city of Rome, plus an "express line" to Fiumicino Airport. Whereas most [[Trenitalia|FS]]-Regionale lines (Regional State Railways) do provide mostly a suburban service with more than 20 stations scattered throughout the city, the Roma-Lido (starting at Ostiense station), the Roma-Pantano (starting nearby Termini) and the Roma-Nord (starting at Flaminio station) lines offer a metro-like service. There is also an overground rail system with seven lines which link the hinterland of the Roman Area. One of this leads to the second Airport of the city, [[Ciampino]].
-* {{Jumelage|Paris|France|France|année=1956}} « ''{{lang|it|Solo Parigi è degna di Roma; solo Roma è degna di Parigi}}'' » qui veut dire « Seule Paris est digne de Rome; seule Rome est digne de Paris ».
+Rome also has a comprehensive [[bus]] and light rail system. The English web site of the ATAC public transportation company allows a route to be calculated using the buses, light rail and subways. [http://www.atac.roma.it/index.asp?lng=2] The Metrebus integrated fare system allows holders of tickets and integrated passes to travel on all companies vehicles, within the validity time of the ticket purchased. [http://www.atac.roma.it/biglietti/index.asp?COD=320&LNG=2]
-Rome a également signé des pactes d'amitié et de coopération avec d'autres villes du monde :
+[[Image:Rete Tram Roma 2007 nuovo2.png|thumb|Map of Rome Tramway]]
-* [[Image:Flag of Bolivia.svg|20px]] [[Achacachi]], [[Bolivie]]
-* [[Image:Flag of Serbia.svg|20px]] [[Belgrade]], [[Serbie]]
-* [[Image:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] [[Cincinnati]], [[États-Unis|États-Unis d'Amérique]]
-* [[Image:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]] [[New York]], [[États-Unis|États-Unis d'Amérique]]
-* [[Image:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|20px]] [[Pékin]], [[République populaire de Chine]]
-* [[Image:Flag of Bulgaria.svg|20px]] [[Plovdiv]], [[Bulgarie]]
-* [[Image:Flag of South Korea.svg|20px]] [[Séoul]], [[Corée du Sud]]
-* [[Image:Flag of Japan.svg|20px]] [[Tōkyō]], [[Japon]]
-* {{jumelage|Casablanca|Maroc|Morocco}}
-== Personnages célèbres ==
+==== Motor Traffic Limited Zone (ZTL) ====
+Chronic congestion caused by cars during the 1970s and 1980s led to the banning of unauthorized traffic from the central part of city during workdays from 6 a.m. to 6 pm. This area is officially called (Italian) ''Zona a Traffico Limitato'' (ZTL). Heavy traffic due to night-life crowds during weekends led in recent years to the creation of other ZTLs in the Trastevere and S. Lorenzo districts during the night, and to experimentation with a new night ZTL also in the city center (plans to create a night ZTL in the Testaccio district as well are underway). In recent years, parking spaces along the streets in wide areas of the city have been converted to pay parking, as new underground parking spread throughout the city. In spite of all these measures, Rome's traffic remains an unsolved problem.
-Si l'on excepte naturellement les innombrables personnalités de la République puis de l'Empire romain, à Rome sont nés aussi :
+== International relations ==
-* [[Augusto Genina]] ([[1892]]-[[1957]]), cinéaste (né et décédé dans cette ville)
+{{Infobox World Heritage Site
-* [[Enrico Fermi]] ([[1901]]-[[1952]]), physicien
+| Name = Historic Centre of [[Rome]], the [[Properties of the Holy See#Outside Vatican City but inside Rome|Properties of the Holy See in that City Enjoying Extraterritorial Rights]] and [[Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls|San Paolo Fuori le Mura]]
-* [[Alberto Sordi]] ([[1920]]-[[2003]]), acteur (né et décédé dans cette ville)
+| infoboxwidth = 270px
-* [[Elio Petri]] ([[1929]]-[[1982]]), réalisateur et scénariste
+| Image = [[Image:RomaCastelSantAngelo.jpg|center|thumb|Rome - Castel Sant'Angelo.]]
-* [[Giancarlo Fisichella]] (né en [[1973]]), pilote de [[Formule 1]]
+| State_Party = {{ITA}} and [[Image:Flag of the Vatican City.svg|22px]] [[Holy See]]
-* [[Francesco Totti]] (né en [[1976]]), footballeur
+| Type = Cultural
+| Criteria = i, ii, iii, iv, vi
+| ID = 91
+| Region = [[List of World Heritage Sites in Europe|Europe and North America]]
+| Year = 1980
+| Extension = 1990
+}}
+Rome has one [[sister city]] and a number of partner cities:
-À Rome sont décédés :
+'''Sister city:'''
-* [[Renato Castellani]] ([[1913]] - [[1985]]), réalisateur
+* {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Paris]], [[France]] is Rome's only sister city<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.v1.paris.fr/EN/city_government/international/special_partners.asp|title=www.v1.paris.fr/EN/city_government/international/special_partners.asp<!--INSERT TITLE-->}}</ref>(''Seule Paris est digne de Rome; seule Rome est digne de Paris / Solo Parigi è degna di Roma; solo Roma è degna di Parigi'' / Only Paris is worthy of Rome; only Rome is worthy of Paris).
-* [[Pietro Germi]] ([[1914]] - [[1974]]), acteur, scénariste, réalisateur et producteur
-* [[Elio Petri]] ([[1929]] - [[1982]]), réalisateur et scénariste
-* [[Michel Ange]], peintre de la [[chapelle Sixtine]]
-== Anecdotes ==
+'''Partner cities:'''
+* {{flagicon|Bolivia}} [[Achacachi]], [[Bolivia]]<ref>http://www.liberazione.it/giornale/051129/LB12D6D0.asp - Short newspaper article on the Rome / Achacachi twinning</ref>
+* {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Marbella]], [[Spain]]
+* {{flagicon|Algeria}} [[Algiers]], [[Algeria]]
+* {{flagicon|People's Republic of China}} [[Beijing]], [[People's Republic of China]]
+* {{flagicon|Serbia}} [[Belgrade]], [[Serbia]]
+* {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Brasília]], [[Brazil]]
+* {{flagicon|Egypt}} [[Cairo]], [[Egypt]]
+* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Cincinnati]], [[USA]]
+* {{flagicon|UK}} [[London]], [[United Kingdom]]
+* {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Montreal]], [[Canada]]
+* {{flagicon|USA}} [[New York City]], [[United States|USA]]
+* {{flagicon|Bulgaria}} [[Plovdiv]], [[Bulgaria]]
+* {{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Seoul]], [[South Korea]]
+* {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Sydney]], [[Australia]]
+* {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]]
+* {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Tongeren]], [[Belgium]]
-Durant sa longue histoire, et étant donnée son importance, Rome a toujours eu une population caractérisée par d'importants flux migratoires, ainsi, par tradition, un « vrai » Romain est une personne dont la famille a vécu à Rome pour au moins sept générations.
+== See also ==
-Aujourd'hui on considère qu'être né à Rome de parents nés à Rome fait de vous un « Romain de Rome », selon l'expression consacrée.
+* [[Popular Shopping Areas and Markets in Rome]]
+* [[Large Cities Climate Leadership Group]]
+* [[Glocal Forum]], the International on-governmental organization with main office located in Rome
+* [[Churches of Rome]]
-autres villes dans le monde portent le nom de Rome.
+== Notes ==
+{{reflist|2}}
-== Voir aussi ==
+== References ==
+:''Further references and bibliography can be found in the more detailed articles linked to in this article.''
+* {{cite book
+ | last = Lucentini
+ | first = Mario
+ | year = 2002
+ | title = La Grande Guida di Roma
+ | publisher = Newton & Compton Editori
+ | location = Rome
+ | id = ISBN 88-8289-053-8
+}}{{it icon}}
+* {{cite book
+ | last = Spoto
+ | first = Salvatore
+ | year = 1999
+ | title = Roma Esoterica
+ | publisher = Newton & Compton Editori
+ | location = Rome
+ | id = ISBN 88-8289-265-4
+}}{{it icon}}
+* {{cite book
+ | last = Richard Brilliant
+ | year = 2006
+ | title = Roman Art. An American's View
+ | publisher = Di Renzo Editore
+ | location = Rome
+ | id = ISBN 88-8323-085-X}}
-{{Commons|Category:Rome|Catégorie:Rome}}
+== Documentaries ==
-{{Commons|Rome|Rome}}
+* ''The Holy Cities: Rome'' produced by Danae Film Production, distributed by HDH Communications; 2006.
-=== Notes et références ===
+== External links ==
-{{reflist}}
+{{commons|Roma}}
+{{wikiquote}}
+{{wikibooks}}
+{{wiktionary}}
+;Official
+* {{it icon}} [http://www.comune.roma.it/was/wps/portal/pcr Official site of the City of Rome]
+* {{en icon}} [http://www.romaturismo.it APT (official Tourist Office) of the City of Rome]
+* {{it icon}} [http://www.museiincomuneroma.it/ Rome Museums - Official site]
+* {{en icon}} [http://mv.vatican.va/StartNew_EN.html Vatican Museums]
+* {{en icon}} [http://www.museicapitolini.org/en/index_msie.htm Capitoline Museums]
-=== Liens internes ===
+;Travel guides, maps, and models
+* {{wikitravel}}
+* {{dmoz|Regional/Europe/Italy/Regions/Lazio/Localities/Rome/Travel_and_Tourism/Travel_Guides|Rome travel guides}}
+* [http://www.wikimapia.org/#y=41890000&x=12500000&z=11&l=4&m=a WikiSatellite view of Rome at WikiMapia]
+* [http://maps.google.com/maps?q=rome&spn=0.039455,0.126549&t=k&hl=en Google Maps satellite images of Rome]
+* [http://www.euratlas.net/Roma/rome100.htm Clickable map of Rome in year 100]
+* [http://rome.arounder.com/ High Resolution Virtual Tour]
+* [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bkh/rome/5-20-3.htm City models of Ancient Rome]
+* [http://www.voxita.com/english/Events_in_Rome.html Events in Rome day by day]
+* [http://www.discoverrome.net/Rome_museums.asp Popular museums of Rome]
-* [[Rome antique]]
+{{Template group
-* [[Antiquité tardive]]
+|title = Rome in the European Union
-* [[Histoire de la ville de Rome]]
+|list =
-* [[Chronologie de Rome]]
+}}
-* [[Rioni de Rome]]
+{{Capital cities of the European Union}}
-* [[Liste des villes italiennes de plus de 25 000 habitants]]
+{{Template group
-* [[Liste des monuments de la Rome antique]]
+|list =
-* [[Liste des églises de Rome]]
+{{Province of Rome}}
-* [[Liste des ponts de Rome]]
+{{Regional capitals of Italy}}
-* [[Jeux Olympiques d'été de 1960]]
+{{Olympic Summer Games Host Cities}}
+{{World Heritage Sites in Italy}}
+{{Rome landmarks}}
+{{coor title dm|41|54|N|12|30|E|type:city}}
+}}
-=== Lien externe ===
+<!--Categories-->
-* {{it}} [http://www.comune.roma.it/ Site officiel de la commune de Rome]
+[[Category:Rome|*]]
-{{Capitales de l'Union européenne}}
+[[Category:Capitals in Europe]]
-{{Multibandeau|Portail Rome|Portail Rome antique|Portail Italie}}
+[[Category:Host cities of the Summer Olympic Games|Rome (1960)]]
+[[Category:Settlements established in the 8th century BC]]
+[[Category:Holy cities]]
-{{lien BA|de}}
+{{link FA|de}}
-{{lien AdQ|it}}
+{{link FA|it}}
-{{lien AdQ|pt}}
+{{Link FA|pt}}
+<!--Other languages-->
-[[bcl:Roma]]
- {{Lien BA|zh}}
-[[Catégorie:Ville d'Italie]]
-[[Catégorie:Commune de la province de Rome| ]]
-[[Catégorie:Commune de la région Latium|Rome]]
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-[[he:רומא]]
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-[[vi:Roma]]
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+[[diq:Roma]]
+[[bat-smg:Roma]]
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-[[zh-classical:羅馬 (釋義)]]
-[[zh-min-nan:Lô-má]]

Club	Sport	Founded	League	Venue	Head Coach
S.S. Lazio	Football (soccer)	1900	Serie A	Stadio Olimpico	Delio Rossi
A.S. Roma	Football (soccer)	1927	Serie A	Stadio Olimpico	Luciano Spalletti
A.S. Cisco Roma	Football (soccer)	1972	Serie C2	Stadio Flaminio	Fabio Fratena
Pallacanestro Virtus Roma	Basketball	1960	Serie A	PalaLottomatica	Jasmin Repeša
M. Roma Volley	Volleyball	2006	A 1	Palazzetto dello Sport	Roberto Serniotti
Unione Rugby Capitolina	Rugby union	1996	Super 10	Stadio Flaminio	Massimo Mascioletti

Rome

Un article de Vev.

Version actuelle

Sommaire

Geography and climate

Location

Climate

History

From founding to Empire

Fall of the Empire and Middle Ages

17–19th century

20th century

Architecture, city layout and main sights

Architecture

Ancient Rome

Medieval

Renaissance and Baroque

Neoclassicism

Fascist architecture

City centre

Peripheral layout

Vatican City

Museums and galleries

Villas and gardens

Government

Capital status

Subdivisions

Other sovereign entities

International involvement

Demography

Economy

Culture and society

Events in Rome

Religion

Language

Universities

Music

Cinema

Media

Sports

Transportation

Airports

Railways

Urban transportation

Underground

Overground

Motor Traffic Limited Zone (ZTL)

International relations

See also

Notes

References

Documentaries

External links

Views

Outils personnels

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